商务英语阅读课件第一章

1、CENTURY BUSINESS ENGLISH大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社阅读教程（基础篇阅读教程（基础篇I I）（第四版）（第四版）世纪商务英语世纪商务英语 主编：王洗薇主编：王洗薇大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社课程目的课程目的 通过教学让大家理解、熟悉商业领域中常用词通过教学让大家理解、熟悉商业领域中常用词和词组的含义及用法，熟练掌握有效地阅读商业和词组的含义及用法，熟练掌握有效地阅读商业文章所需要的技巧、策略与商务英语专业词汇，文章所需要的技巧、策略与商务英语专业词汇，并通过大量的专题阅读练习，增强语感，从而全并通过大量的专题阅读练习，

2、增强语感，从而全面提高学生通过阅读指南、手册、杂志、报纸、面提高学生通过阅读指南、手册、杂志、报纸、公司介绍、报告和合同等商务材料以获取各种商公司介绍、报告和合同等商务材料以获取各种商业信息的能力，为毕业后成为适应社会需要的应业信息的能力，为毕业后成为适应社会需要的应用型涉外商务工作者打下坚实的基础。用型涉外商务工作者打下坚实的基础。 Unit One Business L大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Business Language Do you know how native speakers should use English in busi

3、ness contexts and why Chinese is becoming popular in South Korea? You will know the answers after the learning of this unit. Besides, you will also read an introduction to a training course which shows the features of effective English training methods and learn some reading skills about how to gues

4、s the meaning of new words from context clues.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Business LanguageReading Skill FocusWords and ExpressionsPractical ReadingComprehensive Reading大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Successful readers use a variety of plans to deal with words they do not know. They may study the forma

5、tion or parts of the word, or they may make use of definition, its synonym or antonym provided by the author to work out its meaning. Determining meaning through context is the most effective method for handling unknown words. Context Clues (1)大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusThat is, examine th

6、e sentence in which the word appears, or even the sentence before and after the word. When the surrounding text contains a hint or suggestion to help determine the meaning of the unknown word, we refer to this hint or suggestion as context clue. There are commonly six types of context clues:大连理工大学出版

7、社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus1. Inference /General Sense Context Clues（推论/常识）2. Contrast /Antonym Clues（对比/反义）3. Restatement /Synonym Clues（重述/同义）4. Example Clues（示例）5. Cause and Effect Relationship Clues（因果关系）6. Definition Clues（定义） We will discuss the six types of context clues from Unit 1 to Unit

8、 4. In this unit, we will begin with Inference /General Sense Context Clues and Contrast/Antonym Clues.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusInference/General Knowledge CluesSometimes a word or phrase is not immediately made clear within the same sentence. Relationships, which are not directly appare

9、nt, are implied. The reader must look for clues within, before, and after the sentence in which the word is used.Contrast/Antonym CluesIn some sentences, we will find two words with opposite meanings. If we know the meaning of one word, we will be able to guess the meaning of the other word. The clu

10、ewords commonly used in the sentences are:大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusClue Wordsbutwhileyetthoughhoweveralthoughneverthelesseven thoughconverselyin spite ofin contrast on the contrarydespiteon the other handPunctuationSemicolon;大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusAGuided PracticeSample 1 A

11、s you look down from the tower, you have the panorama of sea, bay, city and countryside. A. real beauty B. great excitement C. whole idea D. complete view Clue: 当“panorama”作为单独一个词出现时，你可能猜不出它的意思, 不过当你读到后面的词“sea, bay, city”和“countryside”时，通过推理就会猜出它的意思与“视野”有关。因此从所给的四个选项中，可以确定D 为正确选项。大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社R

12、eading Skill FocusSample 2 Elvis Presley was afraid of being assassinated, and he wore a bullet-proof vest, but he couldnt stay away from the crowds who loved him. A. laughed at B. killed C. taken away D. beatenClue: 从后面的句子可以分析出Elvis Presley 所担心的是“be killed”，否则的话，他不会穿上防弹背心(bullet-proof vest)。因此B 为正确

13、选项。大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusSample 3 Some students tried to help, but some tried to hinder him.Clue: “but”这个线索词表明“hinder”与“help”的词义形成对比，由此可以猜出“hinder”这个词含有“阻止，阻挠”的意思。大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusBLets Try Try to figure out the meaning of the underlined words in the following sent

14、ences and explain the clues.1. I cant believe it! Right in the middle of our conversation, Peter turned around abruptly and walked out of the room! A. formally B. slowly C. suddenly D. quietly 首先，第一句话表明说话人对于后面发生的事情感到非常首先，第一句话表明说话人对于后面发生的事情感到非常惊讶。从第二句话中，我们明白了惊讶。从第二句话中，我们明白了“当我们正在谈话时，彼得当我们正在谈话时，彼得很唐突地

15、（很唐突地（abruptly）转身离开了房间）转身离开了房间”，这就是说话人为什，这就是说话人为什么感到吃惊的原因。选项中最接近这个意思的应该是么感到吃惊的原因。选项中最接近这个意思的应该是C项。项。 Clue:C( )大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社2. After the harvest, we had an abundant amount of apples. We made apple pie, applesauce, and apple juice because we had so many apples! A. small B. not enough C. limited D

16、. plentifulD( ) 通过后面句子中的解释通过后面句子中的解释“because we had so many apples”，推测出，推测出“苹果大丰收苹果大丰收”，因此可以猜出，因此可以猜出“abundant”的意思是的意思是“丰富的，大量的丰富的，大量的”，正确答案，正确答案是是D项。项。 Clue:Reading Skill Focus大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus3. When Sara was sick, her voice was almost inaudible. We couldnt hear what she was tr

17、ying to say clearly. A. very loud B. very soft C. very strange D. very shyB( ) 通过前面句子设定的背景（通过前面句子设定的背景（when Sara was sick），），再加上后面句子的描述（再加上后面句子的描述（We couldnt hear what she was trying to say），很显然，），很显然，Sara说话的声音很轻，说话的声音很轻，B项为正确答案。项为正确答案。 Clue:大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus4. There is an optimu

18、m way to approach each kind of exam question. For a multiple-choice item, for example, first remove any clearly wrong answers. For an essay question, write down an outline first. A. inconvenient B. best C. annoying D. easyB( ) 后两句对考试答题的方法进行了讲解，根据常识可后两句对考试答题的方法进行了讲解，根据常识可以判断，这两种方法应该是比较好的。因此，可以排除以判断，这

19、两种方法应该是比较好的。因此，可以排除A，C，D三个选项。三个选项。optimum的意思是的意思是“最优的，最佳的最优的，最佳的”。 Clue:大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus5. The doctor said that there was only a slim hope of survival for the people in the air crash. A. numerous B. considerable C. moderate D. very littleD( ) 根据常识，在空难（根据常识，在空难（air crash）中生还的可能性一

20、）中生还的可能性一般很小，所以，般很小，所以，“医生医生”表达的意思应该是表达的意思应该是“乘客幸存的乘客幸存的希望渺茫（希望渺茫（only a slim hope of survival）” Clue:大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus6. Black clouds, thunder and lightning show that a storm is imminent. A. transient B. about to happen C. coming to an end D. to last longB( ) 根据常识，在空难（根据常识，在空难（a

21、ir crash）中生还的可能性一）中生还的可能性一般很小，所以，般很小，所以，“医生医生”表达的意思应该是表达的意思应该是“乘客幸存的乘客幸存的希望渺茫（希望渺茫（only a slim hope of survival）” Clue:大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus7. They suspended the construction of the bridge during the strike. A. opposed B. supported C. continued D. delayed D( ) 在该句中，非常重要的线索就是在该句中，非常重要

22、的线索就是“strike”这个词。这个词。“在工人罢工期间，他们只能推迟（在工人罢工期间，他们只能推迟（suspend）桥梁的建）桥梁的建造。造。”所以，正确答案是选项所以，正确答案是选项D。Clue:大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus8. In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. A. lack of order B. harmony C. peace D. simpl

23、icityA( ) 此句中，以信号词此句中，以信号词however为线索，可以看出作者为线索，可以看出作者把现在的事情与过去相比。过去是把现在的事情与过去相比。过去是in an orderly way“秩秩序井然序井然”，而现在是，而现在是“in a state of turmoil”，即没有秩，即没有秩序，因此正确答案是选项序，因此正确答案是选项A。Clue:大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus9. During office hour he looked very tense and anxious, but he was very relaxed o

24、n weekend. A. unhappy B. nervous C. exhausted D. sickB( ) “but” 这个线索词表明这个线索词表明“tense”与与“relaxed”的词的词义形成对比，由此可以猜出义形成对比，由此可以猜出“tense”这个词含有这个词含有“紧张紧张”的意思。的意思。Clue:大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus10. Unlike the well-mannered John, Jim was rather uncouth. A. rude B. polite C. untidy D. informalA( )

25、“unlike”这个线索词表明在原句中这个线索词表明在原句中John和和Jim在行在行为举止方面是截然相反的，为举止方面是截然相反的，John彬彬有礼（彬彬有礼（well-mannered），由此可以推测出），由此可以推测出uncouth的意思是的意思是“粗鲁粗鲁的的”。Clue:大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingText A Is Your English Too English? English may be the language of business but as Alison Thomas reports, its not only n

26、on-native speakers who need to learn how to use it . Ask a Swedish “Talar du Svenska?”and he may well reply “Yes. But only at ernationalinternational a. 国际的，世界的effectively ad. 有效地，有力地executive n. 业务主管 a. 执行的 英语是国际商务语言，但是正如艾莉森英语是国际商务语言，但是正如艾莉森托马斯报道托马斯报道的，不仅仅是非英语国家的人需要学习如何有效地使用英的，不仅仅是非英语国家的人需要

27、学习如何有效地使用英语。语。 如果问一位瑞典爱立信公司的管理人员：如果问一位瑞典爱立信公司的管理人员：“你讲你讲瑞典语吗？瑞典语吗？”他的回答可能是：他的回答可能是：“讲，但只在家里。讲，但只在家里。 EricssonEricsson: 爱立信公司, 世界知名的电信供应商和移动通讯供应商；公司总部位于瑞典。大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社 （1）有效地；生效地 eg. Children have to learn to communicate effectively. （2）实际上，事实上 eg. Effectively, their response was a refusal. 大连理

28、工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社 CEO=Chief Executive Officer （执行总裁）大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingAt work I speak English.” is one of European companies that use English as their official language. These companies and at the same time increase the of English as the language of international communication. So

29、on speakers of English as a second language will exceed that of native English speakers.Corporate 公司的，团体的dominanceDominance 优势，统治（地位）工作时讲英语。工作时讲英语。”越来越多的欧洲公司把英语作为公司的越来越多的欧洲公司把英语作为公司的官方语言，爱立信公司便是其中之一。与此同时，这些公官方语言，爱立信公司便是其中之一。与此同时，这些公司认识并提高了英语作为国际交流语言的统治地位。不久司认识并提高了英语作为国际交流语言的统治地位。不久以后，使用英语作为第二语言的人数将超

30、过母语为英语的以后，使用英语作为第二语言的人数将超过母语为英语的人数。人数。 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社 adj.社团的，法人的 n.公司 大量 的数量大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社 v (1) to accept or admit that something is true承认承认(事实事实) He recognized his lack of qualifications/that he was not qualified for the post. 他承认自己不够条件(没有资格)担任那个职务。 (2) to know who someone is or what som

31、ething is, because you have seen, heard, experienced, or learned about them in the past 认出，识别；认识认出，识别；认识 I didnt recognize you in your uniform. 你穿着制服，我没认出来是你。 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社 If you realize a fact, you know and understand it, or begin to understand it. Do you realize how dangerous this is? 你没意识到这

32、有多危险吗？ If you recognize a fact or problem, you accept that it exists We recognize that many students need extra help. 我们认识到很多学生需要额外帮助。大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社 n.the fact of being more powerful, more important, or more noticeable than other people or things优势；支配(地位)，统治(地位)dominance of the continuing domina

33、nce of the army 军队的持续统治political/economic/cultural etc. dominance the economic and political dominance of Western countries 西方国家的经济政治统治地位dominance over televisions dominance over other media 电视相对于其他媒体的优势地位大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading Although a company might use English as its official la

34、nguage, its are unlikely to be . Language trainer, Jacquie Reid, thinks we consistently the fluency of non-native speakers. “We always that their language skills are as good as ours, so they understand everything we say.”bilingual 双语的Overestimate 估计，评估assumeassume 假定，设想 尽管公司可以将英语作为它的官方语言，但员工们不可能熟练地掌

35、握两门语言。语言培训师夏克雷德认为我们经常会高估了非母语者的流利程度。“我们总是认为因为他们的语言技能与我们一样好，所以他们能听懂我们所说的一切。”大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社 n.雇员 n.雇主= bi + lingual bi- 二、双边的 tri- 三 eg. triangle 三角大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社ad. 一贯地，一向 He has been acting consistently in bad faith and the time when he keeps his promise will never come 他一贯不讲信用, 要想让他履行诺言基本是不可

36、能的。 a. The last five years have seen a consistent improvement in the countrys economy. 在最近的五年里，这个国家的经济状况一直在好转。 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社(1) vt. & vi. 对评价过高 I overestimated his abilities hes finding the job very difficult. 我过高估计了他的能力现在他觉得工作非常困难。 (2) vt. & vi. （对数量、价值等）估计过高 I overestimated the amount

37、 of milk wed need for the weekend. 我过高估计了我们周末的用奶量。(3) n. 过高的估计 The figure of 30% is clearly an overestimate. 30%这个数字明显是估计过高。 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading So how should we our use of language and what are common problems? “Simplify it” is Reids advice. “Dont over-complicate the message. Re

38、duce what youre saying to manageable .” Reid always tells people to limit themselves to one idea per sentence. “Its also important to slow down and not to raise your voice.”adapt 使适应；改编chunksChunk 语块；大块 那么，我们应如何调整语言的运用，有什么常见的问题呢？雷德的建议是“简化语言”。“不要让内容过于复杂。将你想表达的内容缩减到可以接受的长度。”雷德总是告诉人们每句话只表达一个想法。“放慢语速，不提

39、高音量也很重要。”大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社 adapt to 使适应于 eg. It is difficult for freshmen to adapt themselves to new college life. adopt 收养（孤儿） adjust to 调整，调节大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading Dr. Jasmine Patel, a language at , says different languages also have their own approaches to dialogue. “The British

40、 start with expressions such as So, should we get down to it? And they understate important issues with phrases such as There could be a slight problem.consultantconsultant 顾问，咨询者idiomaticIdiomatic 惯用的，符合语言习惯的 欧洲电话公司的语言顾问嘉思敏佩顿博士说，不同语言有各自不同的谈话方法。英国人开始交谈的常用语是，“那么，我们言归正传，好吗？”而且对重要问题轻描淡写地说：“有个小问题。” Euro

41、phoneEurophone: 北美著名无线数据服务公司。大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社 consultant n. someone whose job is to give advice on a particular subject 顾问 eg. financial consultant （财经顾问）大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社 (1) n. 方法，方式 He decided to adopt a different approach and teach the leadership skills through case study. 他决定采取一种不同的方法，通过案例学习

42、来讲授领导技巧。 approach to I tried a different approach to the problem. 我试着用不同的方法来解决这个问题。 (2) n. 通道，入口 All approaches to the city were blocked. 通往这座城市的所有道路都被封锁了。大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社(3) vt. & vi. 走近，靠近 She heard footsteps approaching. 她听到脚步声越来越近。 Somebody said that because I have a certain serious air ab

43、out me, its difficult for others to approach me. 有人说我外表带点儿严肃的调调，所以让人很难接近。(4) vt. 找商量（或联系） Have you approached the manager about taking a day off next week? 你是否同经理谈过下周请一天假的事?(5) 处理，解决approach a problem/task/matter etc. There are several ways of approaching the problem. 处理这个问题有好几个方法。 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版

44、社Comprehensive ReadingThey also say Thats a good idea, but. when they mean No and they repeatedly use the word get with different meanings. And worst of all they insist on using humour which is so that no one understands it.”culture-specificculture-specific 文化限定的当他们想说“不”却说“这是个好主意，但是”。他们重复使用get这个词，含义

45、却不同。最糟糕的是，他们坚持使用幽默语言，然而由于幽默文化限定性，外国人无法理解。大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社 Black and blue 鼻青脸肿 Six and seven 乱七八糟大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading The of English native speakers are to the stress of trying to understand a foreign language in a work environment because they the business world speaking their l

46、anguage. At Ericsson, however, this is not the case. At the UK , Ericsson Telecommunications, management training courses include seminars on both language and cross-cultural issues.insensitiveinsensitive 感觉迟钝的，不敏感的subsidiarysubsidiary 子公司 大多数以英语为母语的人对在工作场所理解外语的压力不敏感，因为他们知道在商界人们都讲他们自己的语言。然而，在爱立信公司，情

47、况并非如此。在爱立信电信公司英国子公司，管理培训课程包括既讨论语言也讨论跨文化问题的研讨会。 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社 majority 多数 minority 少数，少数民族 sensitive 敏感的 sensible 明智的，合情理的；可感觉到的 eg. Sales manager is to market change. rely on 信赖，依赖；信任大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingA frequent made in follow-up is that increased has improved communication

48、 and more importantly given participants a betterunderstanding of their own language and how others might it.evaluationsevaluations 评价interpret 解释；口译在跟踪评价中经常听到的评论是，认识的提高改善了沟通，更重要的是让接受培训者更好地了解自己的语言以及别人是如何理解的。大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社 comment (1) n. 评论 The Prime Minister was not available for comment. 首相无暇做出

49、评论。comment on/about He made several favorable comments about their candidate. 他对他们的候选人发表了一些有利的评论。 We are awaiting your comment on the proposals set forth above. 以上意见是否合适，请批示。(2) vt. & vi. 评论，发表意见 The minister refused to comment on the rumors of his resignation. 部长拒绝就他辞职一事的传闻发表评论。No comment. 不予评论

50、大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社 awareness n. 意识，察觉 This kind of accident is not accidental at all. It is all because that working staff lack safety awareness in their daily work.发生这样的事故绝非偶然, 都是工作人员平时缺乏安全意识。aware a. 知道的；注意到的 As you are well aware, there is a great competition on the part of both Germany and the U

51、nited States. 正如贵公司所知道的，在这儿，德国货和美国货具有很强的竞争力。be aware of We are fully aware of the gravity of the situation. 我们十分清楚形势的严峻性。 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社 interpret vt (1) to explain the meaning of something 解释 One can always find expressions such as, “The final right to interpret belongs to the supermarket,” on

52、supermarket sales advertisements. 在超市的促销广告上总能看到“最终解释权归某某超市所有”的字样。 (2) to translate spoken words from one language into another 口译，翻译 We had to ask our guide to interpret for us. 我们得让导游为我们口译。大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Words and ExpressionsText Ainternationaleffectively executivecorporaterecognizedominancecomm

53、unicationemployeebilingual大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Words and Expressionsconsistentlyoverestimatefluencyassumeadapt simplifymanageablechunkconsultantapproach大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社issueidiomaticinsist onculture-specificmajorityinsensitivesubsidiary commentevaluation awarenessparticipant interpretWords and Expres

54、sions大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingTask 1 At the very beginning of this unit, youve learned the techniques of guessing the meaning of unfamiliar words from context clues. Read Text A and choose the most probable meaning for the following words, and explain the clues.1. exceed (Para. 2, Line

55、 7): A. to be fewer than B. to be greater than C. to be better qualified than_B 前一句讲到英语作为国际交流语言，其重要性越来前一句讲到英语作为国际交流语言，其重要性越来越明显，因此学习英语的人必然会增加，由此可以推出，越明显，因此学习英语的人必然会增加，由此可以推出，以英语作为第二语言进行交流的人的数量会超过以英语为以英语作为第二语言进行交流的人的数量会超过以英语为母语的人。母语的人。 Clue:大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading2. over-complicate (P

56、ara. 4, Line 3): A. to make something easy B. to make something short and clear C. to make something too difficult to deal withC_ 这是根据反义线索而猜测的词义。前一句的建议是这是根据反义线索而猜测的词义。前一句的建议是 simplify，紧接着本句建议，紧接着本句建议dont over-complicate，很明，很明显，显，over-complicate应该与应该与simplify 意思相反，因此是使意思相反，因此是使某事物变得过分复杂难以应对的意思。某事物变得过

57、分复杂难以应对的意思。 Clue:大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社3. understate (Para. 5, Line 4) : A. to emphasize a statement, fact, or idea B. to describe something in a way that makes it seem less important than it really is C. to say something in a strong wayB_ 整句话的意思是，英国人将重要的问题说成是整句话的意思是，英国人将重要的问题说成是“有可有可能有一个小问题能有一个小问题”，因此可

58、以推断，因此可以推断，understate的意思是的意思是“有意往少了说，轻描淡写有意往少了说，轻描淡写”。 Clue:Comprehensive Reading大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社4. seminar (Para. 6, Line 5) : A. Class B. event C. promotionA_ training course “培训课程培训课程”包括的一定是包括的一定是“课课”，因此可以推断正确选型是因此可以推断正确选型是A。该词的词义是。该词的词义是“研讨班课程，研讨班课程，研讨会研讨会”。 Clue:Comprehensive Reading大连理工大学出版社

59、大连理工大学出版社5. improve (Para. 6, Line 7) : A. to make something difficult B. to make something less important C. to make something betterComprehensive ReadingC_ improved communication 前面是前面是increased awareness“提高了的意识提高了的意识”，后面是，后面是better understanding“更好的理解更好的理解”，因此，因此improve的意思一定的意思一定也是也是“改善，变得更好改善，变得

60、更好”。 Clue:大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Task 2 Choose the best answer for each of the following questions according to Text A.1. What may “Talar du Svenska” mean？ A. Do you speak Swedish? B. Do you speak English? C. Can you speak English? D. Do you use a computer?( )AComprehensive Reading大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社2. Why do many compa