定语从句考点透析

1、定语从句考点透析1.as引导限制性定语从句先行词必须有先行词必须有suchsuch或或the samethe same或用于或用于as/soasas/soas结构结构Such teachers as he knows are all kind to him.I want to buy the same pen as you are using.Let students read such books as will make them learn more knowledge.He can lift so heavy a stone as no one else can.对比：对比：This

2、is the same watch as I lost yesterday. But it is not mine.This is the same watch that I lost yesterday. Its mine.such as such thatHe is such a learned man as we admire.He is such a learned man that we admire him.He is so learned a man _ we admire.He is so learned a man _we admire him.缺成分用as,不缺成分用tha

3、t定语从句结果状语从句asthat2. as2. as引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句Yantai is famous for apples, as we all know.= As we all know, Yantai is famous for apples.= Yantai, as we all know, is famous for apples.AsAs引导非限制性定语从句，代表主句所表达引导非限制性定语从句，代表主句所表达的整个内容，译为的整个内容，译为“正如正如”，可放在句，可放在句首，句中，句末。首，句中，句末。常见的as固定短语 as is said/reporte

4、d/mentioned above 正如以上所说/报道/提到的一样 as is often the case 像一般情况一样 as it is 正如现在的这个样子 as we know/ as is known to all/as is well known 正如我们所知 as we can see 正如我们看见的 as it happens 碰巧，偶然 as the saying goes 俗话说对比：As is well known, Yantai is famous for apples.It is well known that Yantai is famous for applesW

5、hat is well known is that Yantai is famous for apples.AsAs引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句ItIt作形式主语，作形式主语，thatthat引导主语从句引导主语从句WhatWhat引导主语从句引导主语从句即时练习：_ is reported, the talks between the two countries are making progress. _ is reported that the talks between the two countries are making progress. _ is reported

6、 is that the talks between the two countries are making progress.As ItWhat（1 1）限制性定语从句对先行词起到限定，区）限制性定语从句对先行词起到限定，区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，如省去，剩下部分意义就会不完整或不清楚。如省去，剩下部分意义就会不完整或不清楚。Those who want to go please put up your hands.A man who doesnt try to learn from others cant hope to achie

7、ve much. 3. 3. 限制性与非限制性定语从句限制性与非限制性定语从句(2)(2)非限制性定语从句只对先行词作进一步的说非限制性定语从句只对先行词作进一步的说明和描述，如省去，剩余部分仍然意义完整，明和描述，如省去，剩余部分仍然意义完整，表达清楚。非限制性定语从句的前后往往有逗表达清楚。非限制性定语从句的前后往往有逗号与其余部分隔开。号与其余部分隔开。 译成汉语时，可译成两句话译成汉语时，可译成两句话,that,that不能引导非不能引导非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句。Dr. Brown, who lives next door, come from America.His wife

8、, who works in Qingdao, will be back home tomorrow.We will spend this summer in Kunming, where it is warm in winter and cool in summer.(3)(3)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句所表达的含义不同所表达的含义不同。I chose the books which have pictures in them. 我只选了有插图的书我只选了有插图的书。 I chose the books, which have pictures in t

9、hem. 这些书都有插图，我全都选了。这些书都有插图，我全都选了。 His brother who is 18 is a soldier. 他十八岁的弟弟是个士兵。（不止一个弟弟）他十八岁的弟弟是个士兵。（不止一个弟弟） His brother, who is 18 is a soldier. 他弟弟十八岁，是个士兵。（只有一个弟弟）他弟弟十八岁，是个士兵。（只有一个弟弟）(4)Which(4)Which引导非限制性定语从句，还可以代引导非限制性定语从句，还可以代表主句所表达的整个内容，也可以代表主表主句所表达的整个内容，也可以代表主句的一部分内容，这时句的一部分内容，这时whichwhich

10、可译成可译成“这这一点一点”, ,只能放在句末（主句之后）。只能放在句末（主句之后）。The boy failed to pass the college entrance examination, which disappointed his parents. 那男孩没考上大学，这使得他的父母很失望。那男孩没考上大学，这使得他的父母很失望。My cousin can read and write in English, which I cant. 我弟弟会英语，而我不行。我弟弟会英语，而我不行。as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 as：句首、句中、句末1.位置 which:句末 as

11、: “正如”2.意义 which:“这一点” (1)(1)关系代词作从句的主语关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一与先行词保持一致致，先行词是句子时先行词是句子时，从句的，从句的谓谓语动词语动词用用单单数形式。数形式。The recorder that has been given to me is homemade.I, who am your classmate, will share the work with you.4. 4. 定语从句的主谓一致定语从句的主谓一致(2)one of + 复数名词复数名词+ +谓复谓复 the

12、only/the very+ one of + 复数名词复数名词+ +谓单谓单 He is one of the students who have made great progress.He is the only one of the students who has made great progress.4. 4. 定语从句的主谓一致定语从句的主谓一致Mr Wang is one of my friends who have been invited to have dinner with us.Mr Wang is the only one of my friends who ha

13、s been invited to have dinner with us.4. 4. 定语从句的主谓一致定语从句的主谓一致(1)(1)先行词既指人又指物先行词既指人又指物We talked about the persons and things that we remembered at school.(2)(2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时The tallest building that they have built is 100 meters tall.The second book that the writer wrote was p

14、opular with young people.5. 5. 只用只用thatthat不用不用whichwhich的情况的情况(3)(3)先行词被先行词被very, last, only, no, few, little, much等修等修饰饰The only thing that I could do at that time was wait.You can choose any book that you like.(4)(4)先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词all, anything, everything, little, much, few等。等。Everything that c

15、an be done has been done.All that is needed is a supply of oil.5. 5. 只用只用thatthat不用不用whichwhich的情况的情况(5)(5)当关系代词在从句中作表语时当关系代词在从句中作表语时China is not the country that she used to be.Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.(6)(6)在在who, which引导的特殊疑问句中。引导的特殊疑问句中。Who is the girl that is talking wi

16、th Tom?Which is the car that you like best?5. 5. 只用只用thatthat不用不用whichwhich的情况的情况I dont understand the way _ they worked out the problem.比较：The way _ he explained to us was quite simple.The way _ he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.6. way6. way后接定语从句的情况后接定语从句的情况that/in wh

17、ich/ that/ which/ that/in which/ The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.This is the fact that you must know clearly.The news that we will have two days off is true.The news that he told me is true.7. That7. That引导定语从句与同位语从句的区别引导定语从句与同位语从句的区别同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句tha

18、t同位语从句同位语从句 不充当成分，无意义，不能省略不充当成分，无意义，不能省略定语从句定语从句 要充当成分，有意义，作宾语可省略要充当成分，有意义，作宾语可省略8.8.介词关系代词介词关系代词一、一、“介词关系代词介词关系代词”的用法的用法当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用们通常用“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导定语从句。引导定语从句。 “介词介词which”which”指指“物物”“介词介词whom”whom”指指“人人”Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the

19、 office?Where is the supermarket in which you bought the computer last week?使用使用“介词关系代词介词关系代词”要注意以下几点：要注意以下几点：( (一一) )选用介词的依据：选用介词的依据：(1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固即固定短语定短语)。Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.(2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定约定俗成，不一定是短语是短语)。The

20、old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.(3) 根据句子的意思来选择。根据句子的意思来选择。The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside.(4) 表示表示“所有所有”关系或关系或“整体中的一部分整体中的一部分”时，时，通常用介词通常用介词of。I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the fa

21、mous writer.We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of whom are healthyFor many cities in the world，there is no room to spread out further, of which New York is an example( (二二) )在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用开使用( (短语拆开后含义发生变化短语拆开后含义发生变化) )，如，如look after, look for等。等。The ba

22、bies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.Is this the book which she was looking for？这是她在寻找的那本书吗？（不说这是她在寻找的那本书吗？（不说for which she was looking） The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy保育员们照看的那些孩子们很健康。（不保育员

23、们照看的那些孩子们很健康。（不说说after whom the nurses are looking） This is the girl whom he will take care of这就是他要照看的那个女孩。（不说这就是他要照看的那个女孩。（不说of whom he will take care） ( (三三)“)“of which / whom”of which / whom”有时可以用有时可以用“whosewhose名词名词”结构来改写。例如：结构来改写。例如：The building whose roof was damaged in the earthquake has been

24、 repaired.The building of which the roof/the roof of which was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.The man pulled out a gold watch, whose hands were made of small diamonds=The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of which/of which the hands were made of small diamonds( (四四) )当先行词为当先行词为way并

25、且定语从句中缺少状语时，并且定语从句中缺少状语时，通常用通常用in which或或that引导定语从句引导定语从句(in which或或that可省略可省略) )；如果定语从句中不缺少状语，则；如果定语从句中不缺少状语，则用关系代词引导用关系代词引导( (that 或或which 可省略可省略) )。All of us disliked the way _ Tom settled the maths problem.I dont understand the way _ the teacher explained to me.( (五五) )in that不可以引导定语从句，但可以引导原不可以

26、引导定语从句，但可以引导原因状语从句。因状语从句。She didnt attend the meeting in that / because she was seriously ill.that/in which/that/ which/二、二、“介词关系代词介词关系代词”与关系副词的转化与关系副词的转化(1) where = 介词介词whichI visited the village where many children couldnt go to school because of poverty.I visited the village in which many childre

27、n couldnt go to school because of poverty.(2) when = 介词介词whichI still remember the day when I first came to Beijing =I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing (3) reason = for whichCan you tell me the reason why you were late for school?Can you tell me the reason for which you were l

28、ate for school?from where有时也被用来引导定语从句，此时的有时也被用来引导定语从句，此时的where应是关系代词。如：应是关系代词。如： His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey window ，from where he could see nothing but trees不一会儿，他从二楼的一扇窗户里探出头来，不一会儿，他从二楼的一扇窗户里探出头来，除了树林之外，从那里什么也看不到。除了树林之外，从那里什么也看不到。 He climbed up the top of the temple ， fr

29、om where he could see some things in the distance 他爬上了寺庙的顶部，从那里他可以看到远处他爬上了寺庙的顶部，从那里他可以看到远处的一些东西。的一些东西。 1. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained.Ain that Bfor that Cin which Dfor which 2. 2.American women usually identify their best

30、 friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 3.Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _people were eaten by the tiger. A. in which B. by which C. which D. that 4.The place _ the bridge is supposed to

31、 be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 5. The English play _my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 6. It is reported that two school

32、s, _are being built in my hometown, will open next year.A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which 7.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year , 80%_are sold abroad.Aof which Bwhich of Cof them Dof that 8.There are two buildings ,_stands nearly a hundred feet hig

33、h . （2004湖北卷）湖北卷） A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 9He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University.Aafter which B. after that C. in which D. in that 10Eric received training in computer for one year_, he found a job in a

34、big company. A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this 考点强化：考点强化： 1Last week, only two people came to look at the home,_ wanted to buy it. (2007安徽卷安徽卷) A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 2Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose.(2007重庆卷重庆卷) A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which 3I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could rec