现在完成时、过去完成时

1、 Ch5 grammar现在完成时态一. 基本结构是have/ has +done （have / has 是助动词，done 称为动词的过去分词(pp)）。规则动词的过去分词和过去式一样,在词尾加-ed. 不规则动词的过去分词需要记好。二. 现在完成时用于以下情况1. 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，常与以下词语连用：just（刚刚），already（已经）（这两个词用于肯定句）,yet（“仍然，还”，用于否定或疑问句的句尾），ever（曾经）, never（从未）, before（以前）, recently=lately（最近）, in the past/l

2、ast few years（在过去的几年里）, once(一次); twice(两次); many times(许多次); 这些副词放在句中时, 必须放在 “助动词have/has”和 “动词的过去分词之间”.1) We _already_(met) each other. We _(not meet) each other yet. _ you _ (meet) each other yet?2) He _ever _(see) the film. He _ ever _(not see) the film. _ he ever _(see) the film?3) She _(live)

3、in America in the past few years. She _(not live) in America in the past few years. _she _(live) in America in the past few years?4) They _ (have) a picnic once this year. _ they _ (have) a picnic once this year?2. 表示从过去某一时间持续到现在为止的动作或状态，常与 “ for+ 一段时间 ” 或 “ since + 过去时间/过去时的句子 ” 的时间状语连用。We have lea

4、rned English for about three years.我们学英语大概学了三年. He has been here since last term/since three years ago/since he left university.他自从上学期以来/他自从三年前以来/他自从大学毕业以来就在这里.1) 就“ for+ 一段时间 ” 或 “ since + 过去时间/过去时的句子 ”提问时，用疑问词how long. 现在请对以上两个例句中的划线部分提问。 _ _ _ we _ English?_ _ _ he _ here?2) A：He _ (stay) here _

5、two hours. (for, since); B: They _ (sleep) _ two hours ago. (for, since); C: Lily _ (learn) English _ (for, since) she _ (go) to England. D: I _ (work) in Tiandong Middle School _ (for, since) 1996. E: Peter and Linda _ (wait) for you _(for, since) ten oclock.3）当句中出现“ for+ 一段时间 ” 或 “ since + 过去时间/过去

6、时的句子 ”时，句中动词要用延续性动词，不能用短暂性动词。误: Ive left my hometown since 1980.正: Ive been away from my hometown since 1980.正：I left my hometown in 1980.以下列出了常见的短暂性动词以及所对应的延续性动词begin/ startbe on（上演） finishbe over（结束） diebe dead borrow keep（保存） buyhave joinbe in/ be a member（成员）of leavebe away from（离开） come/gobe in

7、move(搬迁)live get to/arrive at/reach(到达)be in 请改写同义句1. He borrowed this book a week ago.= He _ _ this book _ a week. = He _ _ this book _ a week ago. 2. He died ten years ago.= He _ _ _ _ ten years = He _ _ _ _ 1999. 3. The film started five minutes ago.= The film _ _ _ _ five minutes. = The film _ _

8、 _ _ five oclock.4. He _ (join) the army in 2006. = He _ _ a soldier _ 2006. = He _ _ _ the army _ three years.5. Our family _ (move) to Shenzhen in 1996. = Our family _ _ in Shenzhen _ 1996. = Our family _ _ in Shenzhen _ 13 years ago.6. They _ (arrive) in Shenzhen last Monday. = They _ _ _ Shenzhe

9、n _ last Monday.7. Mr. Chen _ (leave) Beijing ten days ago. = Mr. Chen _ _ _ _ Beijing _ ten days.8. The meeting _ (finish) two minutes ago. = The meeting _ _ _ _ ten eight.9. He _(join) the Party when he began university. = He _ _ _ the Party _ he began university. = He _ _ a Party member _ he bega

10、n university.10. My brother _college for over three years.A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has been at11. He _ the Army at the end of 1989. He _ in the army since then.A. joinedis B. has joinedhas been C. joinedhas been D. had joined has been三 要注意的几点1. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对

11、现在的影响或过去开始的动作一直持续到现在；而一般过去时强调动作发生在过去，并不强调对现在的影响。e.g. I have just had breakfast. （表示我现在饱了） I had breakfast a moment ago. （表示我吃了早餐）2）一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语一起用: two days ago, yesterday, last week, just now(刚才); 现在完成时和already, just(刚刚), ever, never, once, before连用A: -Have you seen the film? -Yes, I have. -When

12、 _ you _ (see) it? B: I _ (watch) TV for five hours. C: I _ (watch) TV for five hours last Sunday. D: She _ (read) the book once. E: She _ (read) the book once last term. F: Linda _ (not see) her mother last week. G: Linda _ (not see) her mother since last week. H: I never _ (play) computer games wh

13、en I was in the university. I: I _ never _ (play) computer games.2. 用下列三个短语的适当形式填空: have gone to（表示去了某地还没回来）; have been to（表示去了某地又回来了）; have been in（表示呆在某地一段时间）1) Where are the boy students? They _ the school factory.2) - Is your father in? -No, he _ to Shenzhen. -Has he ever been there before ?- Yes, he _ there several times3) He _ Beijing for three months.3. It is/ has been +一段时间+ since+句子（since从句要用一般过去时） “自从。有多久了” e.g. It is two days since he left . 1) They _ (come) here six weeks ago. = They _ _ here _ six weeks ago. = It _/ _ _ six weeks since they _(come) here. 2) They _ (j