英美概况括考前知识点总结

1、英国概况1,英国名称：The United Kingdom of Great Britain and NorthernIrela nd)2,地理位置： Great Brita in is the largest isla nd of the British Isles, thelargest isla nd in Europe and the eighth-largest isla nd in the world. It lies to the n orthwest of Con ti nen tal Euro pe, with Irela nd to the west, and makes

2、up the largest part of the territory of the state known as the Un ited Kin gdom ofGreat Britain and Northern Ireland. It is surrounded by over 1,000citati on n eeded smaller isla nds and islets.或者回答 British mainiand western Europe from GreatBrita in and Irela nd, no rth-east and many n earby isla nd

3、,She east by the North Sea, the Atla ntic Ocea n to the west, up to the North Atla ntic off Icela nd, Yugoslavia and theEuropean continent, sep aratedo niy by a stri p of water,the En glish Channel3,英国首都：London4, 组成部分：En gla nd, Scotla nd, Wales and Northern Irela nd5, 民族：England Welsh Scotch、Irish6

4、, 英国国旗：the Union Flag英国国歌：God Save The Queen天佑女7, 三次外族入侵：I Roma n Conq uest 43AD, the roma n empiren Anglo-Saxon Conquest ; the late 8th century,Scandin avia, created a certa in cultural divide betwee n n orther ners and souther ners in En gla ndn Norman Con quest ; 1066, Norma ns, Williamtook the E

5、n glish throne, and became William theFirst4,英国主要河流：River Thames泰晤士河 River Severn塞文河 8，政府组成部分：Mon arch，P arliame nt，Cabi net君主制时间：5th cen tury AD君主的职能： Presided over the opening of parliament , Order inCoun cil appro ved the sig ned of an Act of Parliame nt and meet the PrimeMinister and the Queen s

6、tands for the British in the world . Such as recei ving foreig n ambassadors and high commissi on ers, recei ving visit ing heads of state, and and accessing overseas countries , the UnitedKingdom and other countries to support dipIomatic and economic rerelati ons.君主现处地位:皇宫：Buckingham Palace现代君主:Eli

7、zabeth II9, 议会历史:Magna Carta组成部分:Quee nKing ,house of lords , house of com mons如何成为两院的议员：To be house of lords: appointed by theQuee nKi ngTo be house of com mons: gen eral electi on主要职能：pass the law 10,内阁首脑：Mi nister成员：the members of parliament职能：to persuade parliament to pass laws and vote for taxe

8、scarry out the fun cti ons of p olicy-mak ing11, 英国普选对象：voters and can didates选举人:候选人: 成为首相的人选： the leader of the gover ning party主要执政党派：the con servati on party the labour party现任英国的执政党：the labour party女口何成为执政党： The party wins the majority seats in the house of com mons12, 英国经济工业革命之父：瓦特(James Wat)发

9、明：蒸汽机(steam engine)13, 英国的教育 3 个阶段：P rimary educati on，sec on dary educati on, higher educati on 2 大分支： public education , private education大学教育中的学位：bachelors degree, doctor degree, master degree14, 英国文学: 1. 英语发展的三个阶段： Old English(6th11th):thean glo-sax on Ian guage Middle En glish(11 th-15th):the c

10、omb in ation of En glish andFrench Modern English(15 th now)2.英国最早的一部作品及内容：Beowulf3.英国第一个诗人及其代表作:诗人：Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟).代表作：The Canterbury Tales(坎特伯雷故事集)4.伊丽莎白时期的作家及其代表作 William Shakespeare:悲剧 Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth,Romeo and Juliet喜剧 Twelfth Night,The Tempest,A Midsummer Night ' s

11、 Dream,The Tami ng Of The Shrew Christ op her Marlowe : The Tragical History of DR Faustu5.弥尔 顿的三部曲：P aradise Lost , P aradise Rega in ed, Sams onAgoni stes15, 英国媒体最早的报纸：The Observer报纸分为那两类：broadsheets(quality p ress)tabloid(gutter press)BBC的含义:The British Broadcasti ng Corpo rati on16,英国的节日圣诞节的含义:感

12、恩节的含义:to commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ to commemorates the Crucifixi on and Resurrectio nof Jesus Christ美国概况:1,名称：the United States of America2,地理位置(geographical position)： The country is situated mostly incen tral North America , and lies betwee n the Pacific and Atla nticOcea n , bordered

13、 by Can ada to the n orth and Mexico to the south.4,I临国(neighboring countries): Canada, Mexico.主 要河流(major rivers) : The Mississippi River ,the ColoradoRiver ,the Columbia River , the Yukon River ,the Missouri River6 , 五大湖(Great Lakes): Lake Sup erior ,Lake Michiga n 丄akeHuro n 丄ake Erie ,Lake On ta

14、rio.7 首都：Washington D.C8 ,独立战争(American Revolutionary War/American War ofIndependence :1、双方：It bega n as a war betwee n the Kin gdom of Great Brita in andthirtee n British colonies in North America , and en ded in a global warbetwee n several Eur opean great po wers.2、领导者：George Washington.3、起止时间：Se

15、p 19,1775-Sep 3,17839，独立宣言(United States Declaration of Independenc):1、起草者(drafter): Thomas Jeffers on2、时间：July 4,1776 3,被通过的时间：4th July,1776 4，主要内容 : We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal , that they are endowed by their Creator with certain un alie nable Rights, t

16、hat among these are Life, Liberty and the pu rsuit ofHappin ess.10, 美国的政治体制三权分立:Legislative Branch is made up of elected rep rese ntatives from allof the states, and is on ly branch that can make federal taxes, declare war or put foreign treaties into effect. 立法机构所属机构为参议院(theSenate 禾口众议院(the House o

17、f Representativ®the Executive branch 的所属机构有p reside nt, vice-p reside nt,cab inet and 13 dep artme nts.The Judicial branch is headed by the Supr eme Court, which is theonly court sp ecifically created by the Con stituti on.职能： Federal courts have jurisdicti on over cases aris ing out ofthe Con

18、stituti on; laws and treaties of the Un ited States ; maritime cases; issues involving foreig n citize ns or gover nmen ts; and cases in which the federal gover nment itself is a party.三权分立的核心：checks and bala nces联邦条款：Articles of Confederation.这是1777年11月国会通过的美国第一部宪法性文件，规定了联合新独立的13个州松散的邦联政府的职能。1787年美

19、国制订联邦宪法，邦联制随之终止。美国宪法(Constitution)制定的会议名称：Co nstitutio nal Co nve ntio n.;地点： P hiladel phia; the p reside nt of the Conven ti on was GeorgeWashi ngton;时间：1787.5;联邦制的含义：A federal system is one in which power is shared between a cen tral authority and its con stitue nt p arts, with some rights reserv

20、ed to each.权利法案的含义及内容：权利法案：adopted in 1791contentThis consists of 10 very short paragraphs which guaranteed freedom and in dividual rights and forbid in terfere nee with lives of in dividuals by the government. Each paragraph is an Amendment to the originalCon stitutio n.美国的两大政党名，起源，象征物：美国的两大政党：Demo

21、craticParty and Rep ublica n P arty; the Democratic P arty ,which evolved out ofThomas Jeffersons party, formed before 1800. The symbol of the party is don key. The Rep ublica n Party , which was formed in the 1850s. the symbol of the Rep ublica n Party is the ele phant.现任总统，现任执政党：Obama'Democrat

22、ic Party美国第一任总统：George Washi ngto n, elected in 1789-1797,8 years制宪会议:时间，May 1787地点，philadeIphia目的，to formulate United States Constitution11, 美国经济:20世纪30年代美国经济遇到什么问题，哪一总统采取什么措施解决了这一问题 The crazy speculation cause financial crisis triggered the great dep ressi on .P reside nt Roosevd' New Deal known as “ one hun dred days New Dea” .（on March 9th,1933 to June 怡）12, 美国社会现存的三大宗教:P rotesta ntism清教）Catholicism（天主教）Judaism （犹太教）13,文学Washi ngton Irvi ng:Rip Van Win kleThoreau Walde nHawthr one :Scarlet LetterMelvill : Moby DickWhitma n :Leaves of GrassM