医学英语视听说

1、医学英语视听说MedicalEnglishWatchingListeningandSpeaking医学英语视听说考试资料TestIntroductionPart 1 :名词解释Part 2 :简答Part 3 :病例分析Part 4 :体检QuestionsForDiagnosis&Treatment-ChestPain1. PossibleDiseaseM.I.(myocardialinfarction)心肌梗塞Angina心绞痛Pericarditis心包炎Pulmonaryembolism肺栓塞Pneumothorax气胸Cholecystitis胆囊炎Severeindiges

2、tion严重消化不良Pneumonia肺炎Pancreatitis胰腺炎Musculoskelrtal骨骼系统性疼痛2. DescriptionsofPainAches疼痛,throbbing悸痛,pulsing疼痛，stings刺痛likeastabbingpain,Sharppain,comesinwaves,suddenpain,MychestfeelstightItfeelslikeatightbandaroundmychestPressure,压迫感3. UsefulSentencesForChestPainHowLongWhatdoesthepainfeellike?Showmew

3、herethepainis?Isthepainjustinthatareaordoesitspeadanywhereelse?Douhaveanypaininurshoulderordownurleftarm?Isthepainconstantthereallthetime?Doesthepaingetworsewhenu-breatheinorout?walkaroundordoheavywork?Whatpainkillersdiduhave?Aspirin（阿司匹林，paracetamol（扑热息痛）HerearetheForms（化验单），UNeedtohavesomebloodtes

4、t,X-ray,andECGrightaway!Urresultsshowthatuhave,Iamafraiduwillhavetobeadmittedintohospitalfortreatment（住院治疗）Uneedtohaveintravenousantibiotics（静脉输液），andoralmedication（口月艮药）。QuestionforDiagnosis&Treatment-Diarrhea(I.PossibleDisease腹泻）Foodpoisoning食物中毒Dysentery痢疾IntestinalObstruction肠梗阻Dehydration脱水

5、Intussusception肠套叠Enteritis肠炎（小肠炎）Crohn'sDisease节段性回肠炎Irritablebowelsyndrome过敏性结肠炎BowelTumour肠瘤Constipation便秘粪便andDiarrheaLiquid液体watery水样Lumpy粒状Semi-soft半软Mucous粘液BloodyDarkbrown咖啡色Creamcolor孚L白色Pus脓Milkdeposits牛奶沉淀bloodyandlikejelly带血胶状Beige浅褐色Dry干燥Blackandsticky黑色呈柏油Smelly发臭的Un-digested未消化的Pa

6、le白色Green青色2.DescriptiveWordsforFaeces3.QuestionforDiarrhea（顺序为横）HowlongHowmanytimesBloody?Stool（大便）looklike?Dotheysmell?Painwhenuhavediarrhea?Vomit?Eatsomethingwrong?Abletoeat?Howaboutfluids?Anyfeverorheadache?Doufeeldehydrated（脱水）?Specimen（样品）ofstools;bloodtest;x-ray;ultrasound（超声）Umusttakefluids,

7、andjusthavealightdietuntilfeelbetterPossiblebowelcancer（肠癌）（顺序为横）3timesaweek2or3timesadayAbitsoft,darkbrownNotsmellpaingoingwithAbdominalpainordiscomfortFeelbloated腹胀PressonstomachandpalpateDotestofspecimenofurstools,bloodtestMightneedendoscopic内窥镜的，内窥镜检查的orPainsigmoidoscopy乙状结肠镜检查术QuestionsForDiagn

8、osis&Treatment-Abdominal1.PossibleDiseaseAbdominalObstruction腹胀?b?i?m?n?lAppendicitis阑尾炎?Dend?Ra?t?sFoodPoisoning食物中毒Hepatitis肝炎?hep?ta?t?sCholecystitis（gallstones）胆囊炎，（胆结石）?k?lisis?taitisGynecologicalProblems妇科疾病?*inik?d?ik?lStomachUlcer胃溃疡?ls?Pancreatitis胰腺炎隼？?kri?aitisUrologicalProblems泌尿系统问题

9、Respiratoryproblems呼吸系统问题才esp?r?t?:riCardiovascularproblems心血管问题?kadi:?v?skj?l?2.UsefulSentencesHowlong?where?howpainfulisit?Didthepainstratthereorsomewhereelse?Doesithurtmoreaftercertainexercisesoractions?Doufeelthatuhavehadfeveratanytime?Areupassingurineok?（你排尿正常吗？）Whatdoesururinelooklike?Areuhavi

10、ngyourbowelsopenregularly?（排便正常吗）Areumenstruating?isitnormal?Bleeding?isitnormal?Havingaperiod?isitnormal?（females,月经来了吗？）Areuvomiting?Whatdouvomit?Isthereapattern?（一般什么情况下呕吐）Areuabletoeatordrink?Dougetpainaftereatinganddrinking?Pleaselaydown,IneedtoexamineuIwillneedtodosomeinvestigations:bloodtests

11、,x-rayandultrasound,urinetestsandstooltestsCholecystitisD:Hello,mynameisDrpan,howcanIhelpu?P:Ihavehadabdominalpainforafewdaysandit'sgettingworse.D;howlonghaveuhadabdominalpain?P;aboutthreedays.D;whereisit?canushowme?P:yes,justhere.D;howpainfulisit?P:atfirstitwasjustonandoff,butnowitseemstobether

12、eallthetime.D:onascaleof1to10;ifnopainsis1andverypainful10,whatnumberwouldugiveyourpain?P;I'dgiveita7D;didthepainstartthereorsomewhereelse?P;itsalwaysbeenthere.D;doesithurtmoreafterexerciseoractions?P;ifiamwalingaroundalot,itwillhurtabitmore.D;doufeelthatuhavehadafeveratanytime?P;no,Idon'tth

13、inkso,IhavefelthotbutIhaven'ttakenmytemperature.D;Ineedtotakeurtemperature,pulse,andB/PAreupassingurineok?P;yesD;whatdoesururinelooklike?P;normalD;areuhavingurbowelsopenregulatly?P;usuallyIdo,butIhaven'thadmybowelsopenforacoupleofdays.D;haveuvomited?P;no,IthoughtIwasgoingtotodaybutthefeeling

14、passed.D;areuabletoeatanddrinkanything?P;ImdrinkingbutIhaventreallyfeltlikeeating.D:whathaveubeendrinking?P：Ihavehadacoupleofglassesofwaterandacoupleofcupsofcoffee.D:doesthepaingetworseaftereatingordrinking、P;no,notthatI'venoticed.D;Ineedtoexamineyou.pleaselaydown,andloosenurclothingforme.P;ok.D

15、;showmewhereithurts.P:ithurtsjustthere.D;oktakeanicebigbreth,breatheinandout,nowtryandrelax.P:ouch,thathurts.D;OKthanks,ucangetdressednow.P:Iwillneedtodosomeinvestigations:bloodtests,x-rayandultrasound,urinetestsandstooltestsD;hello,yourresultsshowthatumighthavecholecystitis,uneedtobeadmittedtohospi

16、talforobservationandtreatment,andwemayneedtodomoretestsbeforewehaveacorrectdiagnosis.P;doIreallyneedtobeadmittedintohospital,isn'tthereanythingucangivemeforthepainandtohelptheproblem?D;sorry,no,itisbestthatuareadmittedforfurthertest,wecancheckthatuhaven'tgotgallstonesorsomethingseriouslywith

17、urliver.P;allright,PPTofAbdomialPain“Allwhohavehadmuchexperienceofthegroupofcasesknowngenerallyastheacuteabdomerwillprobablyagreethatinthatconditionearlydiagnosisisexceptional.”Typesofabdominalpain?Colicky（绞痛Opain-causedbydistention（膨胀）ofahollowviscus（空脏器）,suchasbowel.?Somatic（躯干身体）pain-causedbyinfl

18、ammation（炎症）oftheparietalperitoneum（壁层腹膜）;?Visceral（内脏的）pain-causedbyinflammationofthevisceralperitoneumandcapsuleofsolidorgans.Quadrant（象限）ViewoftheAbdomenfflLTQJrMift/fi.:Jj'Hkth、一匚“1打，1”陋：门M硼帕U*。小>K-JjfUl，门”、.pubwfYb'LLTrt./心：kt#ArHenofJ"kIC即CRightUpperCholecystitis（胆囊炎）?Inflammat

19、ionofthegallbladder胆囊,causedbyductobstruction（管道堵塞）withagallstone.?Painisusuallysteadyforanhourormoreafteronsetandmadeworsebyeating.?Ifthereissignificantinflammationassociatedwiththecholecystitis,theremaybelocalperitonealpain（somaticpain）腹膜性疼痛.?Painmaybereferredtothescapular（肩月甲的）areaandaccompaniesn

20、ausea恶心，vomiting,andfeverwithoutjaundice黄疸.?Diagnosedwithultrasound（超声）.Cholangitis胆管炎?Causedbyobstructionofthebiliarytract（胆道）leadingtobacterialovergrowthinthegallbladder.?MarkedbyCharcot'sTriad值科三联征）一RUQ（右上腹）pain,jaundiceandfever.?Diagnosedbyultrasound.?IsanemergencyandmustbetreatedwithIVantib

21、iotics（静脉抗生素）.?Mayrequiredecompression（解压）via（凭借）endoscopic（内窥镜的）orsurgicalmeans.Hepatitis（肝炎）?Causedbyinflammation（感染）oftheliverbyviruses（病毒）,alcoholorcertaindrugs.?Markedbytender,enlargedliverwithmalaise（不舒月艮）,feverandjaundice.?Diagnosedbyhistoryandlaboratoryevaluation-liverfunctiontestsandviralse

22、rologies.（病毒血清学的检查）?Treatmentdependsonetiology（病因，病原）ofdisease.Pancreatitis（胰腺炎）?Mostcommonlycausedbyalcoholism（50%）andgallstones（30%）obstructingthecommorbile.（胆汁）duct（管道）.?Constantmid-epigastric（上腹部的）visceral（内脏的）painusuallyoccurringafteraheavymealoralcoholicbinge.?Painmayradiatetotheback（50%）andis

23、accompaniedbynausea,vomitingandanorexia（厌食症）?Diagnosedbyamylase（淀粉酶）andlipase月旨肪酶.ImagingbyCTscanmaybedesirableinsomecases.LeftUpperPepticUlcer（胃溃疡）?Causedbyincreasedgastricacidproduction（胃酸容物）ordecreasedmucosal（粘膜的）protection.?Increasedgastricacidproductionmaybecausedbyalcoholism（酒精中毒）orgastrinprod

24、ucingtumor（Zollinger-EllisonSyndrome佐林格-埃利森综合征）.?DecreasedmucosalprotectionmaybecausedbyoveruseofNSAIDs（非类固醇抗炎药）orbyinfectionwithHelicobacterpylori幽门螺旋杆菌.?Painisvisceralandmaybecomesomatic（腹膜性疼痛）ifperforation（穿孑L）occurs.Theremayberadiationtotheback.?DiagnosedbyH.pyloriantigen（抗原）intheserum（血清）,endos

25、copy内镜检查LeftLower（卵巢囊肿不考。）RightLowerAppendicitis?Causedbyobstructionoftheappendiceal（阑尾的）lumen（腔）?Painstartsasperiumbilical（脐周的）andmigrates（迁移）totheRLQ（McBurney'sPoint）Isaccompaniedbynausea,vomitingandanorexia（厌食症）.Mayhavefever-especiallyifruptured.DiagnosedbyultrasoundorCTscan.Treatmentissurgic

26、alandisanemergencyifruptured.GeneralAbdominalPain?Somecausesofabdominalpainaregeneralizedandnotrestrictedtoanyspecificquadrant.Gastritis（胃炎）?Causedbyinflammationofthegastrointestinaltractbymicroorganisms（微生物）,radiation（放射物）andotherirritants（刺激物）.?Describedasdiffuse（扩散）crampy（痉挛）痛abdominalpain.?Often

27、accompaniedbydiarrhea,nausea,vomiting,dehydration（脱水）andfever.?DiagnosisisbyhistoryandsoonBowelObstruction（肠梗阻）?Causedbyobstructionofthebowellumen（空腔）bymass,volvulus（肠扭转）,intussusception（肠套叠）aroundscar（伤疤）adhesions（粘连）.?Painiscolickyinnature,accompaniedbyvomiting?Maybeaccompaniedbywaterydiarrhea-?Di

28、agnosedbyabdominalx-rayslookingfordistended（膨胀的）loops环结ofbowelandair-fluidlevels（气液面）.KidneyStones?Causedbyobstructionoftheupperurinarytract（上泌尿道）byastonethatisinduced（导致）bydehydration（脱水）,infection,hypercalcemia（血钙过多）andothermetabolicimbalances.（代谢不平衡）?Painisdescribedascolickyandlocatedanywherefrom

29、theflank（侧面）tothegroin（腹股沟）.?Diagnosedbyintravenouspyelogram（静脉注射肾盂造影图）,ultrasoundorCTscan.AppropriateExam?Vitalsignstoevaluateforsignsofinfection,dehydration,shock,instability.?Inspectvisuallyfordistention,scars,jaundice,signsofhernias疝,ormasses.?Auscultate-highpitchedbowelsoundsmayindicateearlyobs

30、truction.Nobowelsoundsindicateileus（肠梗阻）Increasedbowelsoundsmaybeassociatedwithgastritis.?PalpateandPercuss-fortenderness（疼痛）,masses（包块）,pulsation（脉动），hernias疝，,CVAtendernessO（脊肋角疼痛）,liverandspleensize,ascites（腹水）andhyperresonance（过清音）PelvicexaminwomenRectalexam（直肠检查）GeneralIntroductionStrokeClassif

31、icationofStroke?IschemicStroke缺血性脑卒中（75%"BrainInfarc脑梗死）-Occlusive:闭塞性?Thrombosis血栓形成?Embolism栓塞一AnteriorCirculation前循环?Occlusionofcarotidartery（颈动脉）involvecerebralhemispheres（大脑两半球）- PosteriorCirculation后循环?Vertebro-basilarartery（椎基底动脉）distributioninvolvebrainstem（脑干）orcerebellum（小脑）?Hemorrhag

32、icStroke出血性卒中- Subarachnoid蛛网膜下的?Aneurysm动脉瘤（mostcommon）?Arteriovenousmalformation动静脉型血管畸形- Intracerebral大脑内的?Hypertension高血压（mostcommon）Amyloidangiopathy（淀粉样脑血管病）inelderlyStrokeRiskFactorsModifiableHypertensionTobaccouse-TIA（Transientischemicattack）HeartDiseaseDiabetesMellitusSickleCell镰状细胞andincre

33、asedRBCUnmodifiableAgeGenderRacePreviousCVA（脑血管意外）Heredity（遗传）StrokeSignsandSymptomsIschemic（缺血性的）-CarotidCirculation（颈动脉循环）Unilateralparalysis单侧的瘫痪（oppositeside）Numbness麻痹（oppositeside）Languagedisturbance（障碍）Aphasia失语症一difficultcomprehension,nonsense胡说,difficultreading/writingDysarthria发音困难一slurred

34、speech语言不清，abnormalpronunciation.Visualdisturbance(oppositeside)Monocularblindness(单眼盲)(sameside)-VertebrobasilarCirculation椎基底动脉循环Vertigo眩晕Visualdisturbance视力障碍(Botheyessimultaneously)Diplopia复视ParalysisNumbnessDysarthriaAtaxia共济失调Diabetes糖尿病Patient:RecentlyI'vebeenfeelingverythirstyandpassinga

35、lotofurine,Isthereanywrongwithme?最近我总觉得口渴和尿量很多。是有了什么毛病吧？Doctor:Howisyouappetite?Howdoyoufeelotherwise?你的胃口怎么样？一般健康状况好吗？P:I'velostweightdespitemygoodappetite,andIfeelweakallthetime.尽管我的食欲很好，我的体重还是减轻了。我整天觉得很疲劳D:Letmeexamineyoururine.Youmayhavediabetes.我给你检查一下尿吧。很可能你得了糖尿病。P:Whatisthat?Canitbecured?

36、这是什么意思？糖尿病能够治愈吗？D:Diabetesisachronicdiseaseduetopoorfunctioningofthepancreas.Itupsetsthemetabolismofsugar,fatandprotein.Rightnow,itcan'tbecured,butitcanbecontrolledsothatyoucanenjoylifeandfeelwell.Youshouldsticktoaspecialdietandavoidsugarandsweets.糖尿病是一种慢性病，由于胰腺功能不良引起。它使糖、脂肪喝蛋白质的代谢发生异常。目前还没有治愈办法

37、。但是可以被控制，因此你能生活得很愉快。你应坚持控制饮食，不吃糖和甜食。P:CanIsmoke?我能吸烟吗？D:Smokingisharmfultoanyone'shealth.Bettergiveitup.吸烟对任何人都是有害的。我劝你戒烟。P:CanIdrinkalcohol?我能饮酒吗？D:Inmoderation.Asyouknowalcoholcontainscaloriesandmustbecountedinyourmealplan.可适当喝一点。你知道酒精能增加热卡，因此必须计算在你的食谱之内。P:HowcanIkeeptoagooddiet?我怎样才能保持一个良好的饮食

38、方案呢？D:Youshouldlearnasmuchasyoucanaboutdiabetes,haveyoururinetestedregularly,sticktoyourdiet,takeyourmedicineandhavesomeregularexercise.Thenyoucanliveafull,usefulandmeaningfullife.你应当尽量学习一些有过糖尿病的知识，定期检查你的小便。坚持食谱中的规定，按时服药。要有定量的运动。于是你能生活得美满、有益和有意义。SymptomsofDiabetes（糖尿病）?Fewglucosecanreachmusclecell&g

39、t;weakandfatigue?Breakdownproteintoreleaseenergy>feelshungry,lossweight?Kidneyextractexcessglucose>thirsty,frequenturinaion,kidneydamage消化系统疾病*PepticUlcer消化性溃疡Patient:Ihaveapaininmystomach我胃疼。Doctor:Howlonghaveyouhadit?疼了多久？P:Ihavehaditoffandon(intermittently)forthepastthreeyears.Ithasbeenreal

40、lybadthesepasttwoweeks.断断续续已经疼了三年，近两周来疼的很厉害。D:Doyoufeelitonlywhenyourstomachisempty?是在肚子空的时候才觉得疼痛吗？P:Yes.AfterIeat,itgoesawayforawhile.是的，吃了东西以后疼痛缓解一会儿。D:Whendoyougetit?什么时候才疼呢？P:UsuallywhenIgetverynervous.Sometimesitwakesmeupinthemiddleofthenight.通常是在我兴奋激动时，有时半夜把我疼醒了。D:Whatkindofpaindoyouhave?是怎样一种

41、疼痛？P:Itgivesmeaburningsensation.象烧灼一样地疼。D:Usuallyhowdoyougetrelief?平常您是怎样止疼的呢？P:AfterItakesomesodiumbicarbonate,thepaingoesawaytemporarily.在服小苏打后，疼痛可暂时缓解。D:Haveyouhadanynauseaorvomiting?你恶心呕吐过吗？P:Yes,occasionally.是的，有时候有。D:Areyourbowelsregular?Haveyouobservedyourstools?你大便正常吗？你注意过你的粪便吗？P:Iusuallyhav

42、etogoonceeveryotherday.IwasveryworriedbecauselastnightIwenttwiceandthecolorwasblack(tarry).平常我隔日大便一次。昨晚我大便了两次，颜色还是黑(象柏油似)的，我很担心。D:Letmeexamineyourabdomen.Liedownonyourbackandbendyourkneesupplease.让我检查一下您的肚子，请仰躺，把腿卷起来。Itsoundslikeaduodenalulcer,butwehavetodosometests,andtakeanx-rayfirst,beforewecanbe

43、certain.看起来象十二指肠溃疡，但需做一些化验和拍张X线片才能确诊。Youshouldhaveacompleterestandgiveyourstomachaslittleworkaspossible.Takeonlyfluids.Thereisnothingbetterthanboiledtepidmilktakenregularlyinsmallquantities.Inaddition,Iwillgiveyousomemedicine.Iftheblackstoolspersistoryourconditiongetsworse,comebacktothehospitalatonc

44、e.您应当彻底休息并尽量减轻胃的工作，应当吃流食。按时少量吃些煮过的温牛奶是最好不过了。止匕外，我还要给您一些药。如果持续有黑便或病情有恶化，就马上来看。P:Thankyou.I'llfollowyouradvice.谢谢您，我将遵嘱。Peptic-duodenalUlcer（胃十二指肠溃疡）Patient:MystoolshavebeenblackforthepasttwodaysandIfeelweak.这两天我大便发黑而且感到虚弱。Doctor:Havetheyeverbeenblackbefore?以前你的大便发黑过吗？P:No.Thisisthefirsttime.没有。这是

45、第一次。D:Haveyouhadanypain?你感到有什么地方疼痛吗？P:Yes,inmystomach.是的，我胃痛。D:Howlonghaveyouhadit?你痛了多久？P:I'vehaditonandoffforthepasttwoyears,butitwasneverasbadasthisbefore.我好好坏坏疼了两年，但从来没有象这次那样疼过。D:Whendoyoufeelthepain?什么时间疼？P:Justaftermealsmystomachaches.Sometimenvomited.刚吃完饭就疼，有时还吐。NowIhaveitalmosteveryday.I

46、toftenawakensme2to3hoursafterIgotosleep.我几乎每天都疼，常常在夜间入睡两、三小时就把我疼醒了。D:Whatkindofapainisit?是什么性质的疼呢？P:likeheartburn.烧心样疼。D:Doesspicyfoodaffectif?辛辣食物会加重疼痛吗？P:Yes.It'softenworseafterIeatspicyfoodoronions.是的，吃了辛辣的食物或洋葱都加重疼痛。D:Doyouhavelesspainaftereating?吃东西后疼痛就缓和些吗？P:Yes,alittle.是的，稍缓和些。D:Didyouvom

47、itsometimes?你吐过吗？P:Yes,Idid.吐过。D:Whatdidyouvomit,foodorblood?吐出的是什么东西，食物还是血？P:Foodwithalittleblood.食物和一点血。D:Whatwasthecoloroftheblood,redorblack?吐出的血是鲜红的，还是黑的？P:Likecoffee.象咖啡似的。D:I'llexamineyouabdomen.Liedownonyourbackandloosenyouclothes.Pleasebendyourknees.Ithinkwe'dbettertakeax-rayfilmofy

48、ourgastrointestinaltract.Ithinkyou'vegotapepticulcer(duodenalulcer).I'llgiveyousomemedicine.Haveagoodrestathome.让我检查一下你的腹部。躺下，松开衣服请屈膝。我想我们最好照个胃肠X线片像。我看你得的是胃(十二指肠)溃疡。我要给你一些药。好好在家休息。P:IsthereanythingelseIshoulddo?还要注意些什么吗？D:Ifpossibleavoidallalcohol.Wheneveryouhaveanybleeding,comeimmediatelyto

49、thehospital.如果可能应戒酒，若再有出血马上到医院来。Yourproblemprobablycomesfromaduodenalulcer.Youaresufferingfromshockduetobleeding.Themedicinewehavebeenusinghasnotbeeneffectiveandsowefeelthatitisnecessarytoperformanoperation.你可能是十二指肠溃疡。你的休克是因失血引起的。我们用过许多药效果都不好。所以我们认为需要手术治疗。P:Doanythingyoufeelisnecessary,Doctor!医生，你认为需要就做吧！D:Iwouldliketotalkabouttheoperationwithyou.Theoperationmaybethebestwaytocureyou.However,therearecentaindangersinoperatin