小升初英语培优第9讲：介词讲解(学生版)

1、第九讲：介词一、【考点解读】介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句子中不能单独作成分。介 词后而一般有名词代词或相当于拿词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语 构成介词词组，在句中作状语、表语、补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、 方式介词、原因介词和英他介词。介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，特別是一些常用介词的搭配力特别强，可以用来表示 各种不同的意思。二、【知识讲解】Ml se Smith's ldtclieiiMrs. SnIIth kitchen is small.There is a refrigerator in the kitchen

2、.The refrigerator is WhiteIt is On the right.There is an electric cker in the kitchen.The COOker is blue.It is On the left.There is a table in the middle Of the room.There is a bottle On the table.The bottle is empty.There is a CUP On IhC table, too.The CUP is clean.知识点1时间介词at, on, in的用法1. at(1)表示具体

3、时刻，如：at tlree O cIOCk 在三点钟at half PaSt eight 在八点半(2)固定搭配：at nnat nightat dawnat the momentat firstat the beginningat IaStat SUnriSeat SUnSetat the Same timeat dinner-timeat the end Ofat duskat PreSentat the age Ofat ChriStmaS2. On(1) 表示具体某一天(包括节假日)，如：On MarCh 8* 2016 在 2016 年 3 月 8 日On CIlIldrenS Da

4、y 在儿童节(at the SPring FeStiVal)On SUnday在星期天(2) 表示具体某一天的早、中、晚，如：On SatUrday morning 在周六早上On a rainy evening在一个下雨的傍晚On a hot afternoon在一个炎热的下午3. in(1) 表示月份，季节，年，年代，世纪，如：in 2016 在 2016 年in his twenties 在他 20in JUIy在七月in SUmmer在夏天in the 1990s 在 20 世纪 90 年代 in the 21sl CentUry 在 21 世纪多岁(2) 后面跟一段时间，表示“.之后

5、”，指将来的时间，如：in a Week 周之后in a few months几个月之后Fll be back in a few minutes我几分钟后回来。（3）固定搭配in the morningin EngliShin a minutein a hurryin timein the end注意：this, that, last, next, ever>r, one, yesterday, today, tomorrow, tonight, all. most 等词之前一般 不加介词。如：this morning今天早晨（On） that day在那天（that day更常用些）I

6、aSt Week 上周next year 明年next month下个月ever>r day 每天One morning 一天早晨yesterday afternoon 昨天下午tomorrow InOrning 明天早晨 all day/morning/night 整天/整个早晨/整晚知识点2地点.方位介词at5 in, OIb above, below的用法1. at表示在某个具体地点，即“小地方”（比城市小）,如：at homeat SChOOlat the bus StatiOnat the COnlerat the top Ofat the SChOOl gateat the

7、CrOSSrOadSat the foot Ofat the airport2. in -在之中S表示在某范围之内，或某个地方（城市，国家等大地方）,如:There are Inany books in my SChOOlbagMy grandparents are in Beijing now.固定搭配:in the Carin Ihe middle Ofin the Iibraryin the hospitalin Shanghaiin Chinain the WOrldin the eastin the Sky注意：在某个地理范用内的“东、南、西、匕''方，也用讥如:Sh

8、anghai is in the east Of China3.on“在之上”，表示某物体上面并与之接触，如：My book is On the table.固定搭配：On the deskOn the WallOn the PlaygrOUndOn the roadOn the right/leftOn a bus/trainOn the ShelfOn one,s Way toOn both SideS Of the river注意：地理上与某个地方接壤的“东、南、西、北力 用on,如:Shanghai is On the SOllth Of JiangSu.补充：地理上与某个地方不接壤的

9、“东、南、西、匕”方，用9,如：JaPan is to the east Of China.4. above意为“高出”，“超过”，指在上方，不一定在正上方（正上方用OVer）, 与below相对，如：The Plane is flying above the ClOUdS5. below意为“在之下，低于”，不一定在正下方（正下方用Under）,如：The fish Were SWimming below the SUrfaCe Of the Watere图示总结IoOnin00Q相矿u三表运动方向和位置的介词：1. across / through / OVer / by 经过©

10、across指横穿,穿过.表示动作从某一物体表而上经过.through指穿过,透过,表示从某一 物体空间内通过.©over表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触.by/past表示从某人/某物的 旁边经过.Can you SWimthe river ? / The elephant is SO big that it can,t gothe gate .I don't tliiik anyone Can JUmPthe fence. / I walkedthe bank Of China yesterday .2. between, amongstation.amon

11、g指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间eg:ThC teacher is Standing among the students.3 in, into, OUt Of in：在里面，用于表示静止的位置。Her mother WOrkS in the hospital. into：进入，用于表示有特怎终点的运动方向，经常-与表示动作的动词连用如,come, go. run. rush 等。The Child ran into his mother's arms.这小孩跑进了它妈妈的怀里0Ut of：从里出来，与into 样，也表示有一立的运动方向。如：An the ChiIdren rush

12、ed OUt Of the ClaSSrOOm When the bell rang四. 表示方式的介词 Withinby表示“用"（注意格式要对齐）Lwith表示“用“ 一般指有形的工具/手段/人体器官.He CUt the apple into halvesa knife 注：WitlI 表伴随,"带有.含有”He Came ina big Smile On his face 2.ina）表示用某种语言,方式,途径.或书写/绘画所用的材料.Can you Say itEngIiSh ? / He WrOte a Ietterblue ink b）以方式 in this

13、Way 用这种方法behave in a POIite WayC）也可表交通方式travel in a Card）“穿着''Inred穿红色的衣服3. by a）表示乘坐交通工具.travel by busb）以方式、方法或手段I StUdy for a testWOrking With a group .4. Ona）通过 StUdy On the air/radio 通过广播学习b）乘坐 On a bus/ On a bike注意：1 ）.by PhOne = On the PhOne 2）.by Car = in a Car 3）.in Pen = With a Pen

14、= With PenS五. 范围介词In 在里边in OUr CIaSSbetween 在两者之间 between USamong 在三者或三者以上的中间among StUdentSbesides除了 之外还有（包括后而的宾语）TOmJiln besides Lily.except除了之外(不包括后而的宾语)TOmjim except Lily.including 包括 All the StUdentS including me.六. 介词词组辨析1 On the tree /in the treeon the tree表示“树上本身长的东西“在树上.in the tree表示“外界的物体进入

15、树 中”人或物在树上There are SOmC applesthe tree ./ Tllere is a boythe tree.2. in the Wail /on the Wallin the Wall表示“门窗在墙上“On the Wall表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上"a PiCtUre the Wallthe WindOW the Wall3 .except / besides / except for1) .excet除了之外,都 不包括在范围之内，排除同类W- WeallWentSWimmingexceptLUCy 注：nothing but 除了 之外,什么也没有.T

16、here is nothing but a Ietter in the box .2) .besides 除了之外,还有 包括在范围之内.We StUdy JaPaneSe and FrenCh besides EngIiSh3) except for句中的主语与except for后的宾语不同类：Smith is a good man. except for his bad temper.史密斯除了脾气不好外，是个好人4. With / WithOIltI )AVith 具有,带有反义词：WithOUt 没有 词组:With the help Of = WIth one's help

17、反 义词： WithOUt One's help2).WithOut的用法:A).without + sb./sth.没有某人或某物B) AVithOUt + doing Sth .He Ieft Ilere WithOUt(Say ) SGOodbyerO USC) . WithOUt Sth 常与 if 引导的否立的条件句.If there is no Water , We can't IiVe = Wecan't live.5. be Inade +介词的区别：be made Of由制成(看得见原材料)：be made from由制成(看不见原材料)be made

18、 in +地点 由哪儿生产：be Inade by sb.由某人制造be made into+成品 制成某种产品6. SinCe / for(常用于现在完成时).1).SinCe : a).since + 表示过去的时间短语(SinCe+yestcrdaytwo years ago/last Week)b) since+过去时态的句子 2)for: for +段时间=SinCe +过去的时间7.其他固定搭配be full Of 充满： be filled With 装满：be born in 出生于： be Sllre Of 确信：be USed to 习惯于：be Iate for 迟到：b

19、e StriCt With Sb 对某人要求严格；be excited about 对感到激动。介词与动词的固左搭配：arrive in/at到达大/小地方：agree With同意，赞同：ask for要求，请求CatCh UP With 赶上，追上：COme from 来自；do Well in 在做得好：decide On 决左；fall behind 落后；get to 到达：go io school 去上学:get On With与某人相处:go On With sth.继续做某事：go to bcd(sleep)去睡觉；go to the Cinema 去看电影;have noth

20、ing With 与无关；hear Of 听说；hear from收到来信;hclp.with在(某方而)帮助；hand in交上来。8.常用的词组at night在夜里at WOrk上班at SChOOl 上学be afraid Of 害怕in the end 最后in the Street 在街上 in trouble有麻烦 knock at 敲(门)be full Of 充满be good at 擅长by the Way顺便提一下be kind to 对好be Iate for 迟到IaUgh at 嘲笑IiSten to 听IOOk after 照料IOOk at 看Of COUrSe

21、 当然get ready for为做准备OnonCt Way to在去某地的路上go OVer 复 AIhand in上交help OneSeIf to随便吃On the Ieftright 在左/右边On time准时take Part in 参加talk about 谈论 take Care Of 照料Wait for 等待hundreds Of 成百的 in a hurry匆匆忙忙地 in a minute 一会儿后9不用介词的情况：1当时间状为:tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等时,不用介词.What are you going to doton

22、ight ?2含有 this. that, these, those, last, next, every, each 等时间状语.He Went to WUhan IaSt Week .3以all开头的时间状语前而不用介词.He has WOrked all day4.以SOmC .any. One等构成的时间状语前不用介词.He met a bad man One COld InOrning =He met a bad Inan a COId morning 三、【典例探究】【例题1:()1. Betty ArriVed PariS the evening Of JUne 1.A. at;

23、 inB. OIK On C. in; inD. in; On()2. My mother is USUally busy housework at nomeA. doB. WithC. inD. for()3.1( WaS SO foolish him to ask her SUCh a questionA. OfB. forC. toD. With()4. The Great Green Wall Can StOP the Wind and Sandmoving to the rich Iand in the SOUthOf China.A. fromB. WithC. atD. On四S

24、【课堂运用】【基础】【练习1L Fiil in the blanks With PrOPer PrePOSitiOnS1. The Plane arrived at LOndOn airportWedneSday.2. What do you USually doChriStmas?3. The first ClaSS begins8 o'clockthe morning.4. We Will be in NanjingTuesday.5. Mr. BIaCk WilI ViSit OUr new SChOOl buildingtwo days.6. Ihe end Of IaSt S

25、Pring Wanghai joined Ihe armythe end.7. We WiIl have a ftball matchthis SatUrday afternoon.8. The PIane is flyingthe mountains9 The DCad Sea isthe Sea IeVeL10. TaiWan isthe SOUthCaSt Of China.11. ChIldrell get giftsNeW Year S Day andtheir birthdays.12 The SPOrtS meeting WaS helda SUnny day.13. There

26、 is a WindOWthe WaIL14. There is a map and a CIOCkWaIlOUr CIaSS room.15. Tom goes to SChOOlIiIS father s Car every day.IL ChOOSe the best answer.（选择最恰当的答案）1. WC traveled OVernight and arrivedhomethe morning.A. on: inB. at; in2. LOOkthe map Of ChinaAat; inB. for; atC. in;inthe WaIL please.C. at; OnD.

27、 at; OnD. on; in3. The Car is Startingfive minutes.A. atB. OnC. inD. Of4. We returned to OUr hometownA. in IaSt WeekB. in the IaSt WeekC. IaSt WeekD. for a Week5. ChiIdren Wake UP VerJr earlythe morning Of ChriStnIaS Day.A. inB. OnC. forD. at6. Why did you get UP SO earlythis InOrning?A. OnB. /C. at

28、D. in7. He arrivedShanghai9: 30MarCh 5.A. at; in; atB. to; on; atC. in; on; atD. in; at; On8. MiSS Wang is COming to BCijingtwo days9. The AmeriCan CiVil War IaStCd four years before the NOrth WOnthe end.A. byB. atC. inD. On10. NeW Year's Eve、PeOPle USlIaIly don't go to bed IuItll midnight.A

29、. inB. atC. OnD. for【巩固】【练习11. 填入适当的介词1 My PenCil-CaSe isLI LefS desk.2. ThCre is a bridgethe river.3. The Plane is flyingthe CIOUdS4. PleaSe do not Writethis Iine5. The fish SWimthe bridge.6. We Will have a football matchthis SatUrday afternoon.7. He Only WatCheS basketball gameTV.8. England isthe

30、SOUth Of IreIand andthe east Of EUrOPe.9. the afternoon Of this Sunday, my UnCle is arrivingShanghai.10.1 am going to meet himthe StatiOnthis evening.11. ChOOSe the best answer.（选择最恰当的答案）1 SOUth KOrea IieSthe east Of Asia,the SOUth Of NOrth Korea.A. in; OnB. on; inC. in; toD. on; On2. JiangSU isthe

31、CaSt Of China, but JaPan isthe east Of China.A. to; inB. in; toC. on; toD. to; On3. The United StateS isthe SOUth Of Canada andthe east Of JaPaILA.to;inB. on; toC. in; besideD. at; OnA. /, toB. in;toC. at. toD. on. to4. There WaS a big SmileOUr teacher,s face.AOffB. nearC. OnD. between5. They Will h

32、ave a math testtwo days.A. forB. atC. inD. after6. WC had OUr breakfasta quarterseven.7. Don't ShOUtthe Old WOman. YOU ShOUld be more POliteher.A. to; atB. at; toC. in; forD. from; for8. HaS the teacher given you any adviceyour EngliSh study?A. fromB. WithC. OnD. in9. A Iittle monkey is Playinga

33、 tree and there are a IOt Of bananasit.A. on： OnB. in; OnC. on; inD. in; in10. WhO are the boysgreen SPOrtS shirts?A. WithB. inC. atD. from【拔高】【练习11 A Iarge group Of StUdentS are Waitingthe bus StOP for the SChOOl bus.A. forB. atC. toD. On2. Tom, you are the PerSOn m IOOkIng! COme to help me deal Wi

34、th the case.A. atB. forC. afterD. UP3. People On ChOngming ISIand Can go to ShanghaiUndergrOUnd SOOnAinB byC atD On4. Australia is famousits Pillk Lake, but now PeOPle Can t enjoy the SCenery any Ionge匚A.forB. withC.ofD.from5. The Iift in OUr building SUddCnly broke down and We got trapped floors.A.

35、inB.onC. betweenD.among6. The IOCal government is Planning to digthe mountain to make a tunnel （隧道）A.acrossB. throughC.aboveD.throughout7. The film Wolf WaniOrS 11 turnedto be a big SUCCeSS in 2017.A. OUtB. OVerC. OnD. downWaS absolutely impossible to build a firethat COld Winter nightA. OnB. inC. O

36、fD. by9. France is famousits great wine, tourist attractions and fashion shows.A. asB. forC. toD. With10. ATm tlnrsty.d IIke a glass Of Orallge juice.Wliat about you,Dad?A.withB. withoutC.forD.to11 .The tour guide happened to meet a huge fierce monsterMyStery Island.A.inB.onC.atD.by12.1 WaS angrymys

37、elf for making SUCh a StUPid mistakeA. OfB. atC. WithD. for13. Leaders from 20 COUntrieS and OrganiZatiOn attended the HangZhOU G20SUmInitSePtember,2016.A. OnB.inC.atD. for14. Nichols Setearly this morning for his farmhouse in California.A. WithB Off C aboutD UP15. Please COnneCt the SPCakerSthe CD

38、Player SO that We Can hear the SOngS clearly.A. byB. OfC. atD. to16. Let,s have a IeSt the time being, then We Will COntinUe to discuss the PlanA. OnB. inC. atD. for17. US PreSident DOnald TnlmP Started his ViSit to China NOVeInber & 2017.A. WithB. inC. OnD. Of18.0Ur headmaster always encourages

39、 the SChOOl COOkS to SCrVC healthy mealsjunkfood.A.underB .ofC.withD. WithOUt19.1nstcadtelling him the answer, the teacher helped himto read the text again.A. OfB. forC.atD. to20. Lily SPent years Caringher SiCk UnCleA. OfB.atC.forD. With21 A group Of teachers Went to GUangZhOU for an important acti

40、vityDec. 20lh.A.inB. OnC.toD.atA. WithB. forC. inD. Of22.Some young ParentS are UnaWarethe danger Of giving their babies SmartPhones.23.There Were 22 medical SenriCe areasthe route in 2017 Shanghai MarathOnA. along B. WithC. throughD. across24.Sue,s Still VCry angryme for forgetting her birthdayA)fo

41、rB)toC. WithD) by25. The WOrId,s SmalleSt IiZard has been CliSCOVereda SmalI Caribbean islandA)On B)inC)forD)at26.1 remember that my COUSin Peter Canle to See USa Very COId night IaSt time.A) inB) OnC) atD) With27.It's COInmOn knowledge that leaves Change from green to brown autumn.A) atB) OnC)

42、byD) in28. With an average temperature Of 20 degrees, SPring isits Way to Shanghai.A) OnB) inC)OfD) by29. The story SOUndS quite familiarme, and I got a Iittle boredA) OffB) forC) toD) With30. To my surprise, the answer turnedto be quite right at IaStA) intoB) downC) OUtD) in31. The 24th Winter Olyn

43、IPiCS Will be held in BeijingFebruary. 2022.A) inB) OnC) atD) by32.1 apologized to the teachernot finishing the exercises in timeA) forB) atC) asD) Of33 HOW much time do you SPendyour StUdy every day?A) inB) OnC) atD) With34. The manager WaS angryMOrriS because he Sent e-mails to the WrOng CUStOmera

44、gain.A. atB. toC. WithD. from35. Zhujiajiao, an Old town With a history Of hundreds Of years .liesthe WeSt OfShanghai.A. OnB. inC. toD. among36. The traveler askedSOme Water Whell he PaSSed GraImy Li's house.A. byB. forC. WithD. Of37. We all know Mother's Day is Celebratedthe SeCond SUnday O

45、f May.A) inB) toC) OnD) at38. The IaW PreVentS businessmenbuying and Selling ivory, tooth Of the elephant.A. byB. OfC. againstD. from39. Last Weekend I met a foreigner in the Street and ShOWed him the WayEngliShA) WithB)OnC) inD) by40. A right fashionable scarf, necklace belt etc Can add VarietySimP

46、Ie CIOtheSA) forB) byC) WithD) to4 LJerry IOSt his Way in the field.the ground WaS COVered With thick SnOW.A. OrB. forC. butD. SO五、【课后巩固】【习题1】一、填入正确的介词。L There is a map Of the WOrldthe Wall.2. The StatiOn ismy home .It takes OnIy a few minutes to get there.3 The SUn risesthe east and goes down .the west