同济大学英语报刊选读复习资料题型+重点+缩略词+网络版重点教学文案

1、期末考试题型：1 .Re-organizingsentencesforanewsreport(10%)2 .Matchingheadlinestoleadparagraphs(10%)3 .TrueorFalsequestionsaboutEnglishjournalism(cf.AppendixIbelow)(10%)4 .ReadingComprehension(3passageswith15multiple-choicequestions)(30%)5 .AbbreviationsinNewsreports(completeforms+Chinesetranslation)(10%)6

2、.NewsHeadlineAnalysis(10%)(Analyzingthestylisticfeaturesof3newsheadlines)7 .Newscommentwriting(20%)(about200words)1 .Definitionofjournalism,medium,news报干U(p1)、媒介(p2)、新闻(p4)的定义2 .Functionsofmasscommunicationvsfunctionsofnewspaper大众传播工具(p2)与报纸(p1)的功能3 .Newsvalue;publicinterest;principlesofnewsworthine

3、ss新闻价值；公众兴趣；衡量新闻价值的原则(p4)4 .Classificationofnews新闻的分类(p6)5 .Fivebasicelementsofnews新闻的五个基本要素(p6)6 .Legalconcerns;codesofethics法律关系；道德规范(p7)(Generalknowledgeisenough.Noneedforwordbywordmemorization.)(一般知识就够了。不需要的逐词记忆。)7 .Tabloidandbroadsheet小报和报纸(p21)(thedistinctionsbetweentabloidandbroadsheet)(区分小报和

4、大报)8 .MajornewspapersintheUKandUS英国和美国的主流报纸(p13-34)9 .MajormagazinesintheUKandUS英国和美国的主流杂志(p13-34)同上10 .Lexicalfeaturesinheadlines:smallwords;abbreviations;etc.在标题的词汇特点：小词；缩略语；等。(p37)11 .Grammaticalfeaturesinheadlines:omissionofarticles,personalpronouns,etc.;presenttenseforpastevents,infinitiveforfu

5、tureevents,etc在标题的语法特点：省略的文章，人称代词等；现在时表示过去的时间，不定式表示未来事件等（p42）12 .Rhetoricalfeaturesusedinheadlines:alliteration;parody;metaphor;pun;euphemism用于标题的修辞特点：头韵；戏仿；隐喻；双关语；委婉语（p44）13 .Newsleads,directvs.delayedlead新闻导语，直接与延迟导语（p48）14 .NewsagenciesOrganizationsthatcollect,transmit,anddistributenewstonewspape

6、rs,periodicals,television,radio,andotherjournalisticandmasscommunicationsmediaarecallednewsagencies.15 .Majornewsagenciesintheworld在世界各大通讯社MajornewsagenciesintheUKandUSUKReuters（路透社）oneofthelargestEuropeanpressagenciesPA-PressAssociatedUSAP（美联社）theAssociatedPressTheoldestpressassociationintheUnitedS

7、tatesUPI（合众国际社）一UnitedPressInternational16 .Generalunderstandingoftheinvertedpyramidstructureofjournalisticwriting新闻写作的倒金字塔结构的一般认识（p63）17 .Typesofnewsfeatures新闻特写的类型（p75）18 .Differencesbetweenfeatureandnewsreport特写和新闻报道之间的差异（p76）19.Basicstructureofnewscomment新闻评论的基本结构（p83）Commonabbreviations1. ABC:A

8、mericanBroadcastingCompany美国广播公司2. BBC:BritishBroadcastingCorporation英国广播公司3. NBC:NationalBroadcastingCompany（美国）全国广播公司4. CNN:CableNewsNetwork（美国）有线新闻电视网5. CBS:ColumbiaBroadcastingSystem美国哥伦比亚广播公司6. MPAA:MotionPictureAssociationofAmerica美国电影协会7. ITN：IndependentTelevisionNews（英国）独立电视新闻公司8. APEC:Asia-

9、PacificEconomicCooperation亚洲和太平洋经济合作组织9. ASEAN:AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations东南亚国家联盟10. NATO:NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization北大西洋公约组织11. OPEC:OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries石油输出国组织12. UNSC:=UnitedNationsSecurityCouncil联合国安全理事会13. WHO:WorldHealthOrganization世界卫生组织14. FAO:FoodandAgricu

10、ltureOrganization世界粮农组织15. UNESCO:UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization联合国教科文组织16. WIPO:WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization（联合国）世界知识产权组织17. IMO:InternationalMaritimeOrganization国际海事组织18. Interpol/TERPOL:InternationalCriminalPoliceOrganization国际刑警组织19. FBI:FederalBureauofInvest

11、igation美国联邦调查局20. USDHS:UnitedStatesDepartmentofHomelandSecurity美国国土安全部21. CIA：CentralIntelligenceAgency（美国）中央情报局22. NYSE:NewYorkStockExchange（美国）纽约证券交易所23. NASDAQ:NationalAssociationofSecuritiesDealersAutomatedQuotations（美国）全国证券交易商协会自动报价表；纳斯达克24. IMF：InternationalMonetaryFund国际货币基金组织25. NDRCNationa

12、lDevelopmentandReformCommission国家发改委26. CPC:CommunistPartyofChina27. CPPCC:ChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConference中国人民政治协商会议28. HKSAR:HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion香港特另1J行政区29. NPC:NationalPeople'sCongress（中国）全国人民代表大会30. GNP:grossNationalProduct国民生产总值31. GDP:GrossDomesticProduct国

13、内生产总值32. EEC:EuropeanEconomicCommunity欧（洲经济）共（同）体33. ASPAC-AsianandPacificCouncil亚（洲）太（平洋）理事会34. EU:EuropeanUnion欧洲联盟35. NASA=NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration（美）国家航空和航天局36. WWF:WorldWildlifeFund世界野生动物基金会37. UNDP:UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme联合国开发计划署38. UNGA:UnitedNationsGeneralAssembly联

14、（合国）大（会）#1. .ICRC:InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross红十字国际委员会40. UNPKF:UnitedNationsPeacekeepingForce联合国维持和平部队41. ICJ:InternationalCourtofJustice国际法院42. DJI：DowJonesIndex道琼斯（股票）平均指数43. FM:foreignminister外交部长44. MP:MemberofParliament议员45. PM:PrimeMinister首相；总理46. BBS:BulletinBoardSystem电子公告板47. EMS:E

15、mergencyMedicalService急救医疗48. IOC:InternationalOlympicCommittee国际奥林匹克委员会49. WHC:WorldHeritageCommittee世界遗产委员会50. CISAR:ChinainternationalSearchandRescueTeam中国国际救援队51. CPI:ConsumerPriceIndex居民消费价格指数52. NGO:Non-governmentalOrganization非政府组织53. WTO:WorldTradeOrganization世界贸易组织网络版重点第一章英语新闻学的基本概念：、今天的传播媒

16、介(themassmediatoday):1. Communication:theprocessofsharingideas,information,andmessageswithothersinaparticulartimeandplace.2. Communicationincludeswritingandtalking,aswellasnonverbalcommunication,visualcommunication,andelectroniccommunication.3. Communicationisavitalpartofpersonallifeandisalsoimporta

17、ntinbusiness,education,andanyothersituationwherepeopleencountereachother.4. Masscommunicationmedia:themeansofcommunicationthatcanreachmanypeopleatatimeeitherbyprintedmaterialsorelectronicwavesarecalledmassmedia.Theseincludenewspaper,magazines,books,radio,television,publicrelationandadvertising.5. TV

18、andnewspaperarethetwomajorkindsofmassmediainthepresentworld.二、新闻学的定义tthedefinitionofjournalism):1. Journalismisthecollectionandperiodicalpublishingofnews.Itincludeswritingfor,editing,andmanagingsuchmediaasthenewspaperandtheperiodical.Inotherwords,itmeansgathering,evaluating,anddisseminatingfactsofcu

19、rrentinterest.三、新闻及新闻要素(newsandelementsofnews)2. Newsisinformationthatispublishedinnewspapersandbroadcastonradioandtelevisionaboutrecenteventsinthecountryorworldorinaparticularareaofactivity.3. Thereareusuallyfivebasicelementsinnews:who,what,why,when,andwhere.Anadditionalelementmaybe"how".

20、四、新闻价值和公众兴趣(newsvalueandpublicinterest)1 .软新闻softnews硬新闻hardnewsHardnewsgenerallyreferstoup-to-the-minutenewsandeventsthatarereportedimmediately.Softnewsisbackgroundinformationorhuman-intereststories,whichappealtopeople'scuriosity,sympathy,skepticism,oramazement.Subjectmatter:Politics,war,econom

21、ics,andcrimeusedtobeconsideredhardnews,whichartsentertainmentandlifestyleswereconsideredsoftnews.Thetoneofpresentation:Ahardnewsstorytakesafactualapproach:whathappened?Whowasinvolved?Whereandwhendidithappen?Why?Asoftnewsstorytriesinsteadtoentertainoradvisethereader2 .Newsvaluereferstotheimportanceof

22、thefactsanddetailsinthenewsthatcansatisfythepublic'sinterestinnews.3 .Publicinterestmeansthedegreeofattentionthereaderspaytothenewsreports.4 .News-worthinessofareport:timeliness,proximity,conflict,eminenceorprominence,consequenceorimpact,humaninterest五、新闻来源和新闻社(sourcesofnewsandnewsagencies)1. Or

23、ganizationsthatcollect,transmit,anddistributenewstonewspapers,periodicals,television,radio,andotherjournalisticandmasscommunicationsmediaarecallednewsagencies.六、新闻的法律与道德问题(legalandethicalissuesofjournalism)2. Areasofparticularconcerntoreportersarelibel,newsroomsearches,protectionofsources,invasionof

24、privacysuitsandthefreepresscontroversy.3. Thecodeofethics:responsibility,freedomofthepress,accuracyandobjectivity.第二章报纸报纸的主要功能Toinform,toinfluence,toentertain,toadvertise.ONewspapersarepublicationsusuallyissuedonadailyorweeklybasis,themainfunctionofwhichistoreportthenews.Newspapersalsoprovidecomment

25、aryonthenews,advocatevariouspublicpolicies,furnishspecialinformationandadvicetoreaders,andsometimesincludefeaturessuchascomicstrips(连环漫画),cartoons,andserialized(连载)books.小报(tabloid),大报(broadsheet)第三章新闻杂志Publicationsreleasedatregularintervalsareoftencalledjournals,orperiodicals.第四章新闻结构1 .GrammaticalF

26、eaturesofNewsHeadlines:1. OmissionoflinkverbssuchasBEanddeterminerssuchasarticlesandpronouns2. Infinitivesforfutureevents3. Presenttenseforpastevents4. Phrasesasheadlines5. Pre-modificationExample1.U.S.plansmoreTaiwansales2.Thelexicalfeaturesofheadlines:Smallwordsandabbreviationsinsteadofbig,completeones(Why?)aid-assistbid-attemptopt-choosevie-competeraidattackcurbfcontrollaudfpraiseslamfcriticizebackf