Morpheme词素

1、MorphemeDefinitionThe smallest unit of language The smallest unit of language in terms of relationship in terms of relationship between expression and content, between expression and content, a unit that cannot be further a unit that cannot be further divided into smaller units divided into smaller

2、units without destroying or without destroying or drastically altering the drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical.or grammatical.FreeBoundFree rootderivationalinflectionalBound rootaffixesMORPHEMESprefixsuffix词缀词缀黏着词根黏着词根自由词根自由词根词素词素派生词缀

3、派生词缀屈折词缀屈折词缀自由词素自由词素黏着词素黏着词素Free morphemes（自由词素）（自由词素）Free morphemes are those that may occur alone, that is, those which may make up words by themselves. E.g. bed dog dance nation Such words are called mono-morphemic words（单语素词）（单语素词）.All mono-morphemic words are free morphemes. poly-morphemic word

4、s（多语素词）（多语素词）：Words consist wholly of free morphemes.E.g. distempered It has three morphemes, namely, dis-, temper, and ed, of which temper is a free morpheme, dis- and ed are two bound morphemes.In contrast, -s in cups, -al in national, dis- in disopen, cannot alone. These must appear with at least

5、 one different morpheme, and called bound morphemes（黏着词素）（黏着词素）.The root（词根）（词根） is the primary lexical unit of a word, and carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents ache 痛痛 earache 耳痛耳痛 A root may also be free or bound. First, free root

6、（自由词根）（自由词根） morphemes are those that can stand by themselves and are the base forms of words, such as bookishSecond, there are relatively a few bound root （黏着词根）黏着词根）morphemes in English.Such as :pseudo-An affix（词缀）（词缀） is the collective term for the type of morpheme that can be used only when adde

7、d to another morpheme (the root or stem), so affix is naturally bound.Affixes in a language are limited in number, and are generally classified into three subtypes, namely, prefix（前缀）（前缀）, suffix（后缀）（后缀） and infix（中缀）（中缀）, depending on their position around the root or stem of a word. Inflectional affix（屈折词缀）（屈折词缀）: Affix that attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional affixInflectional affixes are mostly suffixesE.g: cups asked faster Derivational affix（派生词缀）（派生词缀）are affixes which