非谓语动词语法讲解练习

1、非谓语动词【非谓语动词】构成：（ to） +动词原形动词不定式非在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓构成： V.-ing语动名词动用法（主、宾、表、定）词构成： V. -ing / V .-ed（规则变化）分词用法（表、补、定、状）（一）动名词一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“ 动词原形 +ing ”构成二、动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.谓语动词用单数形式。吃得太多对你的健康有害。宾语动词宾语介词宾语表语定语I like playing basketball very much. 我非常喜欢打篮球。 Stamps

2、 are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.She is in the reading room. 她在阅览室。We should improve our teaching methods. 我们应该改进教学方法。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。多数情况下， 动名词作表语可转化成作主语。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、 所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意 ：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, m

3、ind, be worth, be busy,practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（ in）, spend.（in ）, feel like, be used to（习惯于） , give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy ）继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up）考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't h

4、elp, feel like ）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind ）（二）动词不定式一、动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+ 动词原形 ，有时可以不用to，这里的 to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+ （ to+ ）动词原形 。二、动词不定式的句法功能功能例句To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to主语speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room

5、表语every day is my work.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。 What sports does he like to play? 他喜欢做什么运动？宾语 He likes to play basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。My mother made me play the piano all the time.宾补我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。定语Have you got anything to say?你有要说的吗？I'm sorry to trouble you. （表原因）很抱歉， 给你添麻烦了。状语I went to the library to study En

6、glish.（表目的）1. 不定式 作主语说明作主语用的不定式，常常用 it 作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。多数情况下， 不定式作表语， 可转换作为主语。只能做某些动词的宾语， 一般不作介词的宾语。在 make， let， see， hear，watch 等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略 to。不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。不定式作状语， 其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。动词不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为： It+be+adj. （ + for/ of sb. ） +动词不定式如： To learn English well is useful. It

7、 is useful to learn English well.It simportant for us to protect the environment.注意：在 kind ， good， nice， clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for 而用 of。如：It's very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。It's very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦。2. 不定式 作宾语有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like,

8、 like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如：Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看电影吗？在 find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：I find it easy to read English every day.常见的一些不带to 的动词不定式Why not do., Why don't you do., had better（ not ） do., would rather do,could/would/will you p

9、lease（ not ） do.I would rather stay in the room. 我宁愿待在房间里。3. 不定式作 宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西让他关小收音机。tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。

10、这些动词有：一感（ feel）、二听（ hear, listen to ）、三让（ let, make, have ）、四看（ look at, see, watch, notice ）。但变被动语态时，必须加上to 。如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。4. 不定式 作定语不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担

11、心的。5.不定式 常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do . 老师正告诉学生们做什么。He didn't know where to go . 他不知道去哪里。例题()1. Tom's mother told him _ eating too much meat.A: stoppingB: to stopC: stopsD: stopped()2. We don't know _ it next. Let's g

12、o and ask Mr. Li.A: what to doB: to do whatC: whether to doD: to do whether()3. How kind you are! You always do what you can _me.A: helpB: helpingC: to helpD: helps()4 Drivers shouldn't be allowed _after drinking, or they will break the law.A: driveB: drivingC: to drive()5. Water Park is a good

13、place_.A: to have funB: have funC: having funD: to have a fun()6. Take time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone. Relaxingallows you _to your studies with more energy.A: returnB: to returnC: returning()7. Nick, would you mind _those old jeans? They look ter

14、rible.A: not to wearB: not wearC: wearing notD: not wearing()8. _ a volunteer is great. I think so. Some of us want _volunteers for the London Olympics.(A: Being ； beingB: To be；beingC: Being ； to beD: To be； to be)9. Don't forget _your history and politics books tomorrow morning.Thanks. I won&#

15、39;t.(A: bringB: to bringC: bringing)10. What about _a rest?OK. Let's go out and have a walk.(A: to takeB: takesC: taking)11. I like this set of sofa so much, but I don't know _it in my small house.You're supposed to put it in the living room.(A: where to putB: why to putC: how to put)12

16、. While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped _and lay on the ground, sowe all stopped _what was wrong with him.A: to run; to seeB: running; seeingC: running; to see)13. May I have a rest? I have already finished _the report.A: writeB: writingC: to writeD: written)14. I feel a bit

17、 hungry now.Why not _for dinner with us?A: goB: did you goC: to goD: do you go练习()1. Granny often tells us _water in our daily life.A: saveB: savingC: to saveD: saves)2. Richard turned off the computer after he had finished _the email.A: writeB: to writeC: writingD: wrote)3. We can use QQ to chat wi

18、th each other on the Internet.Really? Will you please show me _it?A: how to useB: what to useC: how can I useD: what can I use()4. Where's your brother now ， Bob? I saw him _ in the street a moment ago and I told him _.A: playing ； don't do soB: playing ； not to do soC: play； to do so()5. As

19、 teenagers, we're old enough _with housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishesand clean our own rooms.A: to helpB: helpingC: helped()6. Nancy is really a hard-working student. We often see her _books in the classroom.A: readB: to readC: reads()7 Mrs. Smith made her students _the compos

20、itions three times a week.A: writeB: to writeC: writtenD: writing()8.Tom often makes his sister, but yesterday he was madeby his sister.A: cry; to cryB: to cry; cryC:cry; cryD: to cry; to cry()9. You'd better _ too much time playing computer games.A: don't spendB: not to spendC: to not spend

21、D: not spend()10. More and more young people are trying to do something _the old.A: servedB: to serveC: serveD: serves()11. Why not _ an English club to practice _ English?A. to join; to speakB. join; speakingC. join; to speakD. to join; speaking()12. When we came to the gate, he stopped _ me go in

22、first.A. to letB. to tellC. to allowD. to ask()13. She saw some boys _ soccer on the playground when she was on the way to the classroom.A. playedB. to playC. playing()14. How about going shopping this weekend, Peter?Sorry, I prefer _ rather than _.(A. to stay at home; go outB. to go out; stay at ho

23、meC. staying at home; go outD. Going out; stay at home)15. It's a good habit _ every day.A. to keep doing exerciseB. to stay up lateC. to make much noiseD. to too much)16. It's hot. Would you mind my _ the window. _. Do it as you like, please!(A. to open; OKB. opening; Certainly notC. closin

24、g; Of courseD. Open; Good idea)17. Who do you think you'd like _ with you, a boy or a girl?(A. to let to goB. letting to goC. to let goD. let go)18. The house was so dirty. They decided _.A. clean it upB. to clean it upC. clean up itD. cleaning up)19. I heard someone _ the door and.A. open; come

25、 inB. to open; to come inC. open; come intoD. to open; to come into)20. The girl was heard _ the piano in the next room.A. playsB. to playC. playedD. playI. 选择填空。()1. It is not easy _ maths.A. learnsB. learnC. to learnD. learned()2. It is very nice _ you to _ me about it.A. for , tellB. of , sayC. t

26、o , speakD. of , tell()3. It s too late. It s impossible _ there by nine.A. of him to getB. for him to getC. him to getD. for him getting()4. John knows _ a computer.A. how to useB. how use C. how usesD. how to using()5. Our teacher told us _ .A. carefulB. be carefulC. to be carefulD. to be carefull

27、y()6. He asked me _ leave him alone here.A. don t B. not toC. notD. doesn t()7. I have a lot of things _ this weekend. A. doB. didC. doing D. to do()8. There is a chair _ . A. to sitB. sitting onC. to sit on D. sit in()9. The question is easy _ .A. answering B. answerC. to answer D. answered()10. My

28、 brother is not strong enough _ the big tree.A. carriesB. carriedC. to carryD. going()11. He is too young _ to school .A. to go B. not to goC. to sayingD. didn t say()12. We made a fire _ warm ourselves up.A. in orderB. toC. so asD. so that()13. My wish is _ a doctor.A. beB. to beC. beingD. been()14

29、. Come on! Please _ run!A. get ready forB. got ready forC. get ready toD. got ready to()15. Our teacher let us _ the composition every other line.A. writeB. to writeC. writingD. written()16. You had better _ here to help us.A. stayB. stayingC. to stayD. stayed()17. I have finished _ the novel .A. re

30、adB. to readC. readingD. being read()18. _ on the moon is not easy.A. WalkB. WalkedC. Doing walkingD. Walking()19. Please remember _ your book next week.A. to bringB. bringingC. broughtD. bring()20. I remember _ you somewhere before.A. to seeB. seeingC. seenD. saw()21. The film is worth _ .A. to see

31、B. seeingC. seeD. to seeing()22. The boy sat over there without _ a word.A. sayB. sayingC. saidD. to say()23. I saw him _ on the playground when I entered the school.A. runningB. ranC. to runD. runing()24. He sat at the table, _ a new magazine.A. to readB. readC. readsD. reading()25. He had his bike

32、 _ .A. to repair B. repairingC. repairedD. repair()26. He stood up to make himself _ .A. seeB. seen C. seeing D. sawII. 完成下列句子，使意思相同，一空一词。1.She is so old that she canShetworkistoo. old _ _ .2.The police said to the hief,t“ Put up your hands!”The police told the thief _ _ up his hands.3. I don t know

33、 how I can get to the station.I don t know _ get to the station.4. He said he would tidy the room.He said he would have the room _ _ .5. I m so strong that I can carry the heavy tree.I m strong _ carry the heavy tree.6. Tom went to Paris for his holidays.Tom went to Paris _ _ his holidays.7. Mac hop

34、es he can visit China one day.He hopes _ _ China one day.8. Do you say anything for yourself?Do you have anything _ _ for yourself?9. This boy is a student. His name is Jack. The boy _ _ is a student.10. Tom s mother saw that he was ngsittion some eggs. Tom s mother saw _ _ on some eggs.11. I helped

35、 her with her English.I helped her _ _ English.(A) 用括号中的动词适当形式填空1.We are so glad _ (hear) the news.2.I saw him _ (cross) the road safely and _ (run) away.3.You can t make him _ (do) what you want.4.I don t know where _ (meet) him.5.What makes you _ (think) I m a farmer?6.Did you see him _ (go) upsta

36、irs?7.It is better _ (put) your money in a bank.8.It is difficult for the boy _ (swim) across the river.9.I let him _ (go) early as he wanted _ (meet) his uncle at the station.10.Will you help me _ (move) the bed?11. If he doesn t know, how _ (use) the recorder, youetter _ (show)db him.12.He is the

37、last one _ (leave) the office every day.13. It s bad manners _ (shout) in public.14.The boy is old enough _ (dress) himself.15.She is too ill _ (go) to school.(B)填入动名词的适当形式.1.Can you imagine yourself _in a lonely island? (stay)2.I can't understand your _at that poor child.(laugh)3.She didn't

38、 mind _overtime.(work)4.To make a living, he tried _, _,and various other things,but he had failed in all .(write; paint)5.We are looking forward to Mary's_. (come) .6.She was praised for _ the life of the child.(save)7.She ought to be praised instead of _ (criticize).8.Is there any possibility

39、of our _the championship?(win)9.He came to the party without _(invite)10. Don t keep me _(wait) for a long time.11. Knives are used for _(cut) things.12. Can you finish _(read) the book in three days?13. The doctor was busy _(operate) on the boy at that time.14. Stop _(talk) and listen to me careful

40、ly.15. Thank you very much for _(help) us.16.Granny is very ill and she doesn t feel like _(eat) anything.17.The girl enjoys _(listen) to light music.18.Do you remember _(buy) me a beautiful skirt on my 13 th birthday?19. We couldn t help _(laugh) after we heard the funny story.20. What about _(go)

41、out for a walk? . 用不定式完成下列句子1.Have you decided _ （怎样度假） .2.It is dangerous _ （玩火） .3.She was the first woman _ （环球飞行的）.4.The boy was made _ （重复他自己的故事）.5.The old lady looked at the children _ （穿过马路）.6.It took me much time _ （算出这些难题）yesterday.7.The boss made the workers _ （一天工作十小时）.8.I don t know（在会上说

42、什么）.9.Can you tell me _ （在哪里能买到这本书）?10._ （在何时何地召开这会议）hasn t been decided yet.根据句意改写句子1 The old man is so old that he can t work.The old man is too old.2. I don t know how I can tgeto the TV factory.3. Mr. Green went back to England for a holiday.4. Mike hopes he can visit the Great Wall on day.5. Do

43、es he say anything for himself at the meeting?Does he have anythingfor himself at the meeting?6. He is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.7. He spent two hours doing the work.8. It s time for school.9. It seems that she is an English teacher.Shean English teacher.10. His father said to him,“

44、listen to the teacher carefully.His father told himthe teacher carefully.”实战演练（一）1. I m thirsty. Will you get me something _?A. drinkB. to drinkC. eatD. eating2.It was great fun _ a picnic on the hill.A. to haveB. of having C. haveD. had3.Its bad for your eyes _ computer games for a long time.A. pla

45、ysB. to playC. playD. played4.-Do you often hear John _ in his room?-Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room.A. sing; to sing B. singing; singingC. sing; singing D. to sing; singing5.Why not _?A. let him to go homeB. to let him go homeC. let him go homeD. to let him to go home6.They were made

46、 _ fourteen hours a day.A. workB. workingC. workedD. to work7.Is it always easier _ friends than to keep them?A. makingB. makeC. to makeD. made8. It _ Jack twenty minutes _ the math problem yesterday.A. took; to work outB. takes; worked outC. has taken; work outD. is taking; working out9. When you l

47、eave, dontforget _ off the light.A. to turnB. turningC. turnD. turned10.Who do you think youd like _?A. to make friendsB. make friendsC. to make friends withD. make friends with11.Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries _ it too often.A. to eatB. not eatC. to not eatD. not to eat12.-Hi, Betty. Shall we go

48、 swimming this Sunday?-This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework _ this Sunday.A. to doB. doneC. doD. to be done13.Sally had no pen _ yesterday morning.A. to writeB. to write withC. writingD. writing with14.John asked David how _ Christmas.A. celebratingB. to celebrateC. to be celebrated D. celebrate15.We all considered Mr Zhao _ teacher.A. be the bestB. to be the bestC. being best D. being the best1