第3讲数词、冠词

1、第第3讲数词、冠词讲数词、冠词(一一)数词数词1数词的分类数词的分类 英语中的数词分为基数词英语中的数词分为基数词(表数量表数量)和序数词和序数词(表顺序表顺序)。2基数词变序数词的方法基数词变序数词的方法(1)一般在词尾加一般在词尾加th。如：。如：fourth, tenth, thirteenth等。等。(2)以以y结尾的基数词，先变结尾的基数词，先变y为为ie，再加，再加th。 twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, ninetieth等。等。(3)“几十几几十几”的数词变化在个位上。如：的数词变化在个位上。如：twenty

2、fourth, one hundred and eightysixth等。等。(4)特殊变化有：特殊变化有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth以及以及twelfth。注意：序数词的缩写方法：阿拉伯数字序数词的最后两个字母。如：注意：序数词的缩写方法：阿拉伯数字序数词的最后两个字母。如：1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 21st, 32nd, 103rd等。等。3数词的用法数词的用法(1)基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。 There are twelve months in a year, and the t

3、hird one is March. 注意：注意：基数词表具体的数量时后面的数量单位基数词表具体的数量时后面的数量单位(hundred, thousand, million, billion)一律用单数，表不具体、大约数量时用它们的复数一律用单数，表不具体、大约数量时用它们的复数of名名词。词。 three hundred/thousand/million/billion people() three hundreds/thousands/millions/billions people() hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of people ()序数

4、词前一般要加定冠词序数词前一般要加定冠词the, 表示表示“第几个第几个”，强调顺序；但也可以在其前面加，强调顺序；但也可以在其前面加a/an， 表示表示“又一个、另一个又一个、另一个”，不强调顺序。，不强调顺序。 This is the first time I have seen the film. I have seen the film before, but I want to see it a second time.(2)表时间表时间表时刻。表时刻。8：15 eight fifteena quarter past eight7：30 seven thirtyhalf past s

5、even9：45 nine fortyfivea quarter to ten fifteen 可说成可说成quarter, thirty可说成可说成half。表日期。表日期。 March 21, 1998/March 21st, 1998 (读作读作March the twentyfirst, nineteen ninetyeight) 21 March, 1998/21st March, 1998 (读作读作the twentyfirst of March, nineteen ninetyeight)表年份。表年份。 注意以下年份的读法：注意以下年份的读法： 1902nineteen O

6、two 或或 nineteen hundred and two 1900nineteen hundred 2000two thousand 2007two thousand and seven表年代，岁数。表年代，岁数。 He was born in the 1960s/1960s and is in his forties now.4分数词的表达分数词的表达(1)用英语读、写分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；当分子大于一时，分用英语读、写分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；当分子大于一时，分 母要用复数。母要用复数。 1/3(one third), 4/5 (four fifths) 注意

7、：当分母是注意：当分母是2和和4时，可以用时，可以用half和和quarter代替。代替。 1/2 (a secondone seconda half) 1/4 (a fourthone fourtha quarter) 3/4 ( three fourthsthree quarters)(2)小数和百分数小数和百分数小数点读作小数点读作point，其前后的数都用基数词表达。，其前后的数都用基数词表达。 003 zero point zero three 314 three point one four百分数用百分数用percent表示。表示。 5% five percent 01% zero

8、 point one percent 注意：当小数、分数或百分数用作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数由其代表的注意：当小数、分数或百分数用作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数由其代表的名名 词的意义决定。如果是单数名词或不可数名词，谓语用单数；如果是复数名词的意义决定。如果是单数名词或不可数名词，谓语用单数；如果是复数名 词，谓语用复数。词，谓语用复数。 Three quarters of his body was badly hurt. Fifty percent of the meat is bad. One fifth of the books belong to me. ()1.The earthq

9、uake in Yaan left _ people homeless. Atwo thousands Bthousands of(2013济宁济宁) Ctwo thousands of Dtwo thousand of 解析：考查数词的用法。解析：考查数词的用法。thousands of意为意为“成千上万的成千上万的”，表示，表示不不 确切的数字。由句意确切的数字。由句意“雅安地震让成千上万的人无家可归。雅安地震让成千上万的人无家可归。”，所，所以以 答案选答案选B。 ()2.What should we do now，Mr.Clark? Please turn to Page _and l

10、ook at the _ picture. ATwelve；fifth BTwelfth；fifth(2013黄冈黄冈) CTwelve；five DTwelfth；five 解析：考查数词，在名词之后用基数词，都大写，是专用名词；在解析：考查数词，在名词之后用基数词，都大写，是专用名词；在 名词之前用序数词，表示第名词之前用序数词，表示第。故选。故选A。 ()3.Mothers Day is on the _ Sunday in May every year. Atwo Bsecond Csix Dsixth(2013济南济南) 解析：考查数词的用法。由常识可知，母亲节是在每年五月的第二解析

11、：考查数词的用法。由常识可知，母亲节是在每年五月的第二 个星期天。根据个星期天。根据the判断此处应该使用序数词。所以答案选判断此处应该使用序数词。所以答案选B。 ()4.Every year, _ people go to visit their factory. Aa thousand of Bthousands (2011清远清远) Cthousand of Dthousands of 解析：考查数词。数词解析：考查数词。数词hundred，thousand，million等后面跟等后面跟of 时，要变复数。排除时，要变复数。排除C。thousand前接具体数字时，后面不能跟前接具体数字

12、时，后面不能跟 of，排除，排除A。thousands后要加后要加of，排除，排除B，所以答案选，所以答案选D。 ()5.Last year，I visited a chemical factory in Baise，there are about _ workers in it.(2011百色百色) Asix thousands Bsix thousand Csix thousands of Dsix thousand of 解析：本考查数词的用法，解析：本考查数词的用法，“六千名工人六千名工人”的正确表达是的正确表达是“six thousand workers”，所以答案选，所以答案选B。

13、 ()6.About _ of the students in our class were born in the _.(2011绥化绥化) Atwothirds；1990s Btwothirds；1990 Ctwothird；1990s 解析：数词的考查。分数的分子用基数词，分母为序数词。分子解析：数词的考查。分数的分子用基数词，分母为序数词。分子不不 是一的，分母序数词加是一的，分母序数词加s。表示年代的要在后面加。表示年代的要在后面加“s”。故选。故选A。(二二)冠词冠词1冠词的分类冠词的分类 冠词分为不定冠词冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词、定冠词(the)两种。两种。2不定冠词

14、不定冠词a/an的用法的用法 a用于辅音音素用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母不是辅音字母)开头的单数可数名词前，开头的单数可数名词前，an用于元音音素用于元音音素(不不是是元音字母元音字母)开头的单数可数名词前。它们主要有以下用法：开头的单数可数名词前。它们主要有以下用法：(1)表种类。表种类。 A horse is very useful here. The horse is very useful here. Horses are very useful here. My brother is a college student now.(2)泛指某类人或事物中的一个。泛指某类人或事物中的一个。

15、 I want an apple, not a pear.(3)相当于相当于 “one”， 但不强调数量。但不强调数量。 (强调数量时用强调数量时用one) There is a “u” and an “s” in the word “use” We have only one earth. I have one sister and two brothers.(4)用于某些固定短语中。用于某些固定短语中。 a lot of, a little, a few, a bit of, a number of等。等。 ( )1.Han Meimei is _ Chinese girl.Lucy is

16、 _ English girl. Aa；a Ban；an Ca；an Dan；a( )2.A little boy wrote _ “U”and _“n”on the wall. Aa；an Ban；a Can；an Da；a( )3.There are sixty minutes in _ hour. Aan Bthe Ca D/( )4.He left in such _ hurry that he forgot to close the door. A/ Ba Can Dthe3定冠词定冠词the的用法的用法(1)指特定的人或物。指特定的人或物。 The man over there w

17、ill be our Chinese teacher next term. Do you know the name of the boy?(2)指说话人和听话人都知道的人或物。指说话人和听话人都知道的人或物。 Would you please clean the blackboard for me? Please turn on the TV.(3)指前面提到过的人或物。指前面提到过的人或物。 I bought a book yesterday, and the book is very interesting. Theres a man and a woman in the photo.

18、The man is Toms father and the woman is his mother. CAAB (4)指世界上独一无二的事物。指世界上独一无二的事物。 As everybody knows, the earth goes round the sun. (5)用于形容词的最高级和序数词前。用于形容词的最高级和序数词前。 He is the youngest of the four. December is the twelfth month of the year. (6)用于普通名词构成的专有名词前。用于普通名词构成的专有名词前。 the Great Wall, the Ye

19、llow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉喜马拉雅山脉), the White House(白宫白宫) (7)用于部分形容词前，表示一类人。用于部分形容词前，表示一类人。 the rich富人，富人，the poor穷人，穷人，the old 老人，老人， the young 年轻人年轻人 (8)用于姓氏前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。用于姓氏前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。 The Whites are having dinner now. (9)用于某些固定短语中。用于某些固定短语中。 on the left(right), in the e

20、ast (west/south/north), in the morning, by the way, in the end, all the same, all the timeI在空白处填上适当的冠词。在空白处填上适当的冠词。1Many people came here to visit _old castle.2He was given _ pen and _form.He is going to use the pen to fill out the form.3_ car is badly damaged.4_ horse is a useful animal.5This is _

21、most interesting book I have ever read.6She is in _ third group.II.单项选择。单项选择。( )1.China is one of _ oldest countries in _ world. Athe；the Bthe；/ Ca；a Dan；the( )2.Some animals，like _ cat，_ dog or _ wolf，do not need to hibernate. A/；/；the Bthe；the；the Ca；/；the Dthe；/；/( )3._ United States lies in Nort

22、h America. AAn BA CThe D/( )4.He is _ taller of the two boys. A/ Bthe Ca Dan4不用冠词的情况不用冠词的情况(1)表泛指或种类时，复数名词前不用冠词。表泛指或种类时，复数名词前不用冠词。 He likes eating bananas while I like eating mangos.theaaTheThe AthetheABCB(2)不定指时，不可数名词前不能用冠词。不定指时，不可数名词前不能用冠词。 Id like to drink some watermelon juice instead of beer.(3

23、)人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前一般不用冠词。人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前一般不用冠词。 Tokyo is the capital of Japan. John had worked in Hong Kong before he came to Chongqing.(4)名词前有指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格等限定词时，不再用冠词。名词前有指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格等限定词时，不再用冠词。 Look at that man. He is my fathers friend. He is my first friend. And he is also my best friend.(5)季

24、节、月份、星期，以及节假日的名词前面一般不用冠词。季节、月份、星期，以及节假日的名词前面一般不用冠词。 September 10th is Teachers Day. Its Friday today. I like spring better than the other seasons.(6)棋类、球类以及一日三餐前一般不用冠词。棋类、球类以及一日三餐前一般不用冠词。 play chess, play football, have lunch(7)语言、学科以及称呼语的前面不用加冠词。语言、学科以及称呼语的前面不用加冠词。 We have Chinese, English, math an

25、d some other subjects.(8)表职位的名词前一般不用冠词。表职位的名词前一般不用冠词。 I shall make him king all over the world.(9)某些固定短语前不用冠词。某些固定短语前不用冠词。 at noon/night, in fact, in (on)time, by bus/bike/car/train/plane/taxi, on foot ()1.Do you know _ girl in green？She is our monitor. (2013 河北河北) Aa Ban Cthe D不填不填解析：考查定冠词的用法。此处表示特

26、指，故用定冠词解析：考查定冠词的用法。此处表示特指，故用定冠词 the，故答案应选，故答案应选C。()2.Whos that young man on the poster?Justin Bieber _ excellent singer.(2013绍兴绍兴) Aa Ban Cthe D/解析：考查不定冠词用法。解析：考查不定冠词用法。excellent singer 是对是对 Justin Bieber 身份的补充说身份的补充说明，表示泛指时，前面用不定冠词明，表示泛指时，前面用不定冠词 a 或或 an 表示，排除表示，排除 C 和和 D；又因为；又因为 excellent 首发音是元音，故

27、前用首发音是元音，故前用 an，选，选 B。()3.Look，Whos _ boy over there?Oh，he is my cousin Bob.He is _ honest boy.(2013邵阳邵阳) A；the Bthe；an Cthe；a解析：考查冠词的用法。第一个空表特指，指那边的男孩，故用定冠词解析：考查冠词的用法。第一个空表特指，指那边的男孩，故用定冠词the。第。第二个空后的二个空后的honest的的h不发音，音标为不发音，音标为nist以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。所以选择所以选择B。( )1._ rains are faster tha

28、n _ buses. A/；/ BThe；/C/；the DThe；a( )2.She saw _ English film last Sunday.But she can not remember _ name of _ film. Aan；a；a Ba；the；a Can；the；a Dan；the；theAD ()4.John, may I use your car? I want to go to the library. Sure.Here is _ key.(2013湖州) Aa Ban Cthe D/ 解析：考查冠词的用法根据句意可知是特指你的汽车的钥匙，而 不是任一辆汽车的钥匙

29、，特指用定冠词the，故选C。 ()5.Have you watched the movie Iron Man? Of course，its _ fantastic movie！(2013衢州) Aa Ban Cthe D不填 解析：本题考查冠词的用法，a用于以辅音因素开头的单词前面， an用于元音音素开头的单词前面，the表示特指某种事物， fantastic意为“奇异的，极好的”，以辅音因素开头，故选A。 ()6.Its just a short distance from here to _ restaurant. (2013济宁) Aa Ban Cthe D不填 解析：考查冠词的用法。

30、指代说话者双方都知道的事物常用冠词 the，句意“从这儿到那个饭店距离不长”，故选C。I单项选择。单项选择。( )1.How was your weekend? Great！It was my grandmothers _ birthday.We enjoyed _.(2013达州达州) Aninth，themselves Bninetieth，ourselves Cthe ninetieth，ourselves Dnineteenth，themselves( )2.“Food Safety”has become one of the hottest topics recently. Yeah

31、，it receives _ Internet hits (点击点击)a day.(2013宜宾宜宾) Athousands Bthousand of Cthousands of Dten thousands( )3.We planted _ trees last year.(2013雅安雅安) A.hundreds of Bhundred of Cfive hundreds Dfive hundred of( )4.It is the boys _ birthday today.He is five years old now.(2013成都成都) Afifteen Bfifth Cfive

32、( )5.My sister likes playing _ piano，but she doesnt like playing _ football.(2013达州达州) Athe，the B/，the Cthe，/ Da，an( )6.How is _ film you saw last night? You mean _ one，Lost in Thailand(泰囧泰囧)？Thats wonderful！(2013内江内江) Aa；the Bthe；the Cthe；/ D/；theBCABCB( )7.Lets play _ soccer. I dont have _ soccer

33、ball.(2013宜宾宜宾) A不填；不填；a Bthe；a Ca；the D不填；不填；the( )8.How do you like _ color of my dress? Wonderful！I like it very much.(2013重庆重庆) Aa Ban Cthe D/( )9.There is _ egg in the bowl.(2013雅安雅安) Aa B/ Can DThe( )10.Lets play soccer. Good idea！Do you have _ soccer ball？(2013成都成都) Aa Ban C不填不填 ( )11.Mary wa

34、s born in 1998 and she began to play _ guitar at the age of seven.(2013长沙长沙) Aa B不填不填 Cthe ( )12.Perhaps the famous football star wont play _ football any longer.(2013上海上海) Aa Ban Cthe D/( )13.I enjoyed the performance very much. Yes，it was really good.I think _ boy in white was the best actor.(2013

35、广州广州) Aa Ban Cthe D/ACCACDC( )14.I think its really _ hard work for me to finish the job in twenty minutes.(2013杭州杭州) Aa Ban Cthe D不填不填( )15._ of the students in our class are girls. AThree fifths BThree fifth CThird five DThird fifths( )16._ trees were planted on the mountain last year. AThousand o

36、f BThousands of CFive thousand of DFive thousands( )17.What _ fine weather we have these days! Aa Bthe C/ Dan( )18.I think you have dropped _ “r” when writing “merry” Aan Ba Cthe D/( )19.Although he is _ old man, he can go to_ university for the old. Aan; a Ba; an Ca; a Dan; an( )20.They have three

37、children. _ is a girl. AThe three BThe third CThird DA thirdDABCAAB .在下列句子的空格处填上适当的冠词，不需要的地方打在下列句子的空格处填上适当的冠词，不需要的地方打“/”。 1There is _“u” and _“s” in the word “us” 2_ doctor told him to take _medicine three times _day and stay in bed to have _ good rest, then he would be better soon. 3Here is _old pa

38、ir of shoes. And _shoes are Jims. 4_ Whites is _happy family. 5She used to play _violin for _old. 6Do _twin brothers like _Chinese food? 7He is _honest boy, and he is now studying in_ university in Chongqing. 8They are in _same school but in _different classes. 9My brother is arriving here in half _

39、hour. 10_ box on the table is _useful one.aanThetheaaantheTheathethethe/anathe/anThea I单项选择。单项选择。(每小题每小题1分，共分，共10分分) ( )1.Pass me _ dictionary next to the radio, and I also need _ pen to take some notes. Aa; a Bthe; the Ca; the Dthe; a ( )2.They had _ wonderful train ride to Chengdu before they went on to _ Mount Emei by bus. Aa; the B/; the Ca; / Dthe; a ( )3._ earth we live on is bigger than _ moon. AThe; a BThe; the CAn; a DAn; the ( )4.The boys and girls often play _ football in _ afternoon. A/; an Bthe; an C/; the Da; the ( )5.Did you see the football match las