大学有机化学双语教学辅助材料—单词对照

1、LearningSupplementsinOrganicChemistry有机化学双语教学辅助材料（常见中英文专业单词对照）有机化学常见概念中英对照中文名称英文名3酮酸酯3-ketoneesterDL规则DLconventionD-异构体D-isomerE-异构体EisomerL-异构体L-isomern+1规则n+1rule兀键pibondR/S构型命名法Cahn-Ingold-Prelog(CIP)R/SconventionR基Rgroups-反式构象s-transconformationa，-私饱和酮a,-UnsaturatedketoneO键sigmabond氨、氨水ammonia(N

2、H3)氨基aminogroup氨基酸aminoacid氨络物ammine镂根离子ammoniumion(NH4+)ammonium.胺amine螯合物chelate八隅规则octetrule半缩醛hemiacetal半缩酮hemiketal饱和脂肪族烧saturatedaliphatichydrocarbon苯benzene苯环phenylring苯基phenylgroup苯快；脱氢苯benzyne芳基；苯甲基benzylgroup变性denaturation变旋Mutarotation氢离子活度的pH值pH丙二烯Allenes丙烷propane薄层色谱thinlayerchromatogra

3、phy(TLC)不饱和煌unsaturatedhydrocarbon不规则的Atactic不完全八隅体incompleteoctet布朗斯特碱Br.stedbase布朗斯特酸Br.stedacid部分消旋的Scalemic差向异构化作用Epimerization差向异构体Epimers拆分；分辨率；分离度Resolution超共轲;超共轲效应Hyperconjugation稠环芳煌Condensedaromatics船式构象Conformation(boat)纯手性；纯手性的Homochiral醇Alcohol(ROH)醇酸Alcoholicacid醇盐Alkoxide(RO-M+)alkox

4、ideion.醋酸盐Acetate单分子亲核取代反应SN1reaction单分子消除反应E1eliminationreaction单配位基Monodentate蛋白质Protein等时的；同步的Isochronous等位；等位的；Homotopic狄尔斯-阿尔德反应Diels-Alderreaction电负性Electronegativity电环化反应、乃键环化反应Electrocyclicreactions电价键；离子键Ionicbond电偶极矩Electricdipolemoment（科）电偶极子Electricdipole淀粉Starch动理学；动力学Kinetics动力学拆分Kinet

5、icresolution动力学产物Kineticproduct对Para对称面Planeofsymmetry对甲基苯磺酸盐Ots,Tosylate(toluene-4-sulfonate,4-mec6h4so3)对澳苯磺酸盐Obs,Brosylate(4-bromobenzenesulfonate,4-brc6h4so3),对旋Disrotatory对映体Enantiomers对映体过量百分数Enantiomericexcess;enantiomericratio对映体过量的Enantiomericallyenriched对映异位的Enantiotopic非质子溶剂Aproticsolvent

6、多步合成Multistepsynthesis多配位基的Polydentate多原子分子Polyatomicmolecule多原子离子Polyatomicion惰性电子对Inertpair二环的Bicyclic二硫化物Disulfide二氯甲烷Dichloromethane(CH2Cl2)二元化合物Binarycompound反错构象Anticlinal反芳香性的Anti-aromatic反键轨道Antibondingorbital反平面Antiperiplanar反式Trans反式的Anti反式构象Anticonformation反式加成Antiaddition范德华力VanderWaalsr

7、adius芳环;芳族环Aromaticring(Ar)芳基Arylgroup芳煌Aromatichydrocarbon芳香煌Arene芳族化合物；芳香族化合物Aromaticcompound非苯芳煌Nonbenzenoidaromatichydrocarbon非等时同步Anisochronous非对映异构的Diastereotopic非对映异构体Diastereoisomers非手性、非手性的Achiral肥皂Soap费歇尔投影式Fischerprojection分储Fractionaldistillation分歧、不同Allo-分子单元Formulaunit分子轨道理论Molecularor

8、bitaltheory分子几何；分子几何结构Moleculargeometry分子离子Molecularion分子量Molecularweight分子模型Molecularmodel分子筛Molecularsieve分子式MolecularformulaPhenol酚酸Phenolicacid酚MtPhenolphthalein风化的Efflorescent碉Sulfone干储Drydistillation甘油Glycerol甘油，丙三醇Glycerol(HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH)甘油三酸酯Triglyceride高分子化合物Polymer隔离双键Isolateddoublebonds

9、共扼二烯烧Conjugateddiene共轲碱Conjugatebase共轲双键Conjugateddoublebonds共轲酸Conjugateacid共价键Covalentbond共振结构Resonancestructures共振结构式Canonicalforms共振效应Resonanceeffect构象Conformation构象异构体Conformers构型Configuration构造异构体Constitutionalisomers固体石蜡Paraffinwax官能团Functionalgroup冠醒Crownether光学纯Enantiomericallypure(opticall

10、ypure)光学纯的Opticallypure轨道Orbital国际纯粹与应用化学联合会Iupac过渡态Transitionstate过氧化物离子Superoxideion合成材料Syntheticmaterial合成纤维Syntheticfiber合成橡胶Syntheticrubber核磁共振Nmr核间距离，键长Bondlength核酸外切酶Exo红外光谱IRspectroscopy,infraredspectroscopy胡萝卜素Carotene互变体；互变异构体Tautomer互变异构现象Tautomerism化学计量学；化学计量法Stoichiometry化学键Chemicalbond

11、化学式量；分子量Formulaweight化学位移Chemicalshift环化加成反应Cycloadditionreaction环氧化合物Epoxide缓冲溶液Bufferphbuffer;buffersolution.磺化反应Sulfonationreaction磺基Sulphogroup磺酸Sulfonicacid混酸甘油酯Mixedglyceride活性亚甲基Activemethylenegroup基(后缀)-Yl极性分子Polarmolecule极性键Polarbond几何异构体Geometricisomer加成反应Additionreaction加成化合物Additioncompo

12、und加聚反应Additionpolymerization甲基Methyl(-CH3)甲烷Methane价电子Valenceelectron价键Valencebond假旋转Pseudorotation间位定位Meta-directing碱；基极Base碱的、碱性的Alkaline碱水解常数Basehydrolysisconstant碱土金属Alkalineearth键烙Bondenthalpy键级Bondorder键能Bondenergy交叉式构象Conformation(staggered)交叉式构象Staggeredconformation结构式Structuralformula睛Nitr

13、ile肿、联氨Hydrazine(NH2NH2)锯架投影式Sawhorseprojection聚合反应Po1ymerization均裂Homolyticbondcleavage卡宾、碳烯CarbeneR2C:.醍Quinone蜡Wax离去基团Leavinggroup离子电离；离子电离作用Ionicdissociationionize;ionization.离子盐Ioniccompoundsalt立体化学Stereochemistry立体特异性的，立体专一性的Stereospecific立体选择性的，立体有择性的Stereoselective立体异构体Stereoisomers两性的Amphot

14、eric两性离子Zwitterion两性溶剂Amphiproticsolvent裂化Cracking裂解Pyrolysis邻Orthogonal邻近的Vicinal硫醇Thiol硫酚Thiophenol硫化物Sulfide卤代烧Halohydrocarbon卤离子Halideion路易斯碱Lewisbase路易斯结构Lewisstructure路易斯酸Lewisacid螺环化合物Spirocompound螺旋度；螺旋性Helicity马尔科夫尼科夫规则Markovniknov'srule麦芽糖Maltose煤Coal酶Enzyme醒Ether命名法；命名原则NomenclatureEn

15、do内酰胺Lactam内消旋化合物Mesocompounds内酯Lactone扭曲式构象Conformation(skewed)扭转位阻Torsionbarrier纽曼投影式Newmanprojection偶氮Azo偶极矩Dipolemoment配体；配基Ligand配位数Coordinationnumber平键；平伏键Equatorialbond平均键始Averagebondenthalpy平面偏振光Planepolarizedlight葡萄糖Glucose前手性Prochiral强酸StrongacidHydroxygroup羟基酸Hydroxyacid桥环化合物Bridgedringco

16、mpound桥头碳原子Bridgeheadcarbon亲电体；亲电子试剂Electrophile亲核试剂Nucleophile亲核性Nucleophilicity亲双烯体Dienophile氢键Hydrogenbond氢氧化物Hydroxide氢氧化物、水合物Hydrate鼠基Cyanogroup疏基Mercapto疏基Sulfhydrylgroup区域选择性Regioselective取代反应Substitutionreaction取代基Substituent取代酸Substitutedacid全规的；全同立构的Isotactic醛Aldehyde(RCHO)醛的后缀-Al焕烧Alkyne热

17、力学Thermodynamics热力学产物Thermodynamicproduct弱酸Weakacid叁键Triplebond石蜡Paraffin石蕊试纸Litmuspaper石油Petroleum实验式；经验式；Empiricalformula手性；手性的Chiral手性分子Chiralmolecule手性中心Chiralcenter手性中心、不对称中心Stereogeniccentre(Chiralcentre,Asymmetriccentre)双分子亲核取代反应SN2reaction双分子消除反应E2eliminationreaction双峰；双重谱线Doublet双键Doublebon

18、d双烯；二烯烧Diene双原子分子Diatomicmolecule水合氢离子Hydroniumion(H3O+)水解反应Hydrolysisreaction水煤气，蓝煤气；合成气Watergas;bluegas;synthesisgas顺错构象Synclinal顺式Cis顺式；同；共；Syn顺式共平面Synperiplanar顺式加成Synaddition顺旋Conrotatory赤式Erythro塑料Plastic塑料的老化Plasticageing酸、酸的Acid酸电离常数Aciddissociationconstant.酸酊Acidanhydride酸碱指示剂Acid-baseindic

19、ator竣基Carboxylgroup竣酸Carboxylicacid缩氨月尿Semicarbazone缩酮Ketal碳水化合物、糖类Carbohydrate碳正离子Carbocation默基Carbonylgroup糖Sugar天然产物Naturalproduct铁离子Ferricion.烧、碳氢化合物Hydrocarbon煌的衍生物Derivativeofhydrocarbon煌基Hydrocarbonyl同侧的Suprafacial同分异构体Isomer同系物Homolog同系物；同系化合物Homolog铜离子Cupric.(cu2+)cupricion酮Ketone酮Ketone(R-

20、CO-R')酮酸Ketoacid脱氢酶Dehydrogenases歪扭构象；偏转构象Gaucheconformation外消旋化作用Racemization外消旋混合物Racemicmixture烷基Alkylgroup烷基Alkyl(-cnh2n+1)alkylgroup.烷烧Alkaneparaffin.烷氧基Alkoxylgroup王水Aquaregia未共用电子对Lonepair位阻Sterichindrance位阻异构体Atropisomers曲Oxime无机化合物Inorganiccompound无机化学Inorganicchemistry无水的Anhydrous西佛碱Sh

21、ift'sbase吸湿的Hygroscopic吸湿性；吸水性Hygroscopicity烯丙基Allylgroup烯丙基正离子Allyliccarbon烯煌Alkene洗涤剂Detergent洗脱；洗脱法；洗剂Elution纤维素Cellulose酰胺Amide抗整Acylgroup酰卤Acidhalide消去反应Eliminationreaction消旋体Racemate硝化反应Nitratlonreaction硝基Nitrogroup硝酸，王水Nitricacid.(hno3)aquafortis协定的，一致的；协同的Concerted偕的Geminal辛烷Octane休克尔规则H

22、uckel'srule澳的四氯化碳溶液Solutionofbromineincarbontetrachloride滨水Brominewater旋光计Polarimeter旋光性Opticalactivity亚氨基Iminogroup亚碉Sulfoxide亚磺酸Sulfinicacid亚铁离子Ferrousion亚铜离子Cuprous.(cu+)cuprousion亚硝基Nitrosogroup盐析Salting-out阳离子Cation乙醇Ethanol乙二胺四乙酸Edta乙醛Ethanal乙快Ethyne乙酸Aceticacid乙酸Ethanoicacid乙酸乙酯Ethylacetate乙缩醛二乙醇Acetal乙烯Ethene乙酰乙酸乙酯Ethylacetoacetate椅式构象Conformation(chair)椅型卞象；椅式构象Chairconformation异头物Anomers异位的Syndiotactic阴离子Anion阴碳离子；负碳离子