高中英语选修unitGrammar

1、 Grammar Revise the Past Participle as the Attribute, Predicative and Object Complement 过去分词表示被动或完成的动作，具有形容词、副词的作用，在句子可以用作定语、表语、宾语补足语。 过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧很紧, 表示被动或完成的关系。单个过去分表示被动或完成的关系。单个过去分词一般作前置定语，过去分词短语通常作词一般作前置定语，过去分词短语通常作后置定语。过去分词及过去分词短语作定后置定语。过去分词及过去分词短语作定语语 一般可以转换为一个定语从句一般可以转

2、换为一个定语从句： 一、动词一、动词-ed形式作定语形式作定语 (1)前置定语前置定语单个的动词单个的动词-ed形式形式,一般放在被修饰的名词一般放在被修饰的名词的前面的前面, 作前置定语。作前置定语。 spoken English (英语口语英语口语)； iced beer (冰冻啤酒冰冻啤酒)； cooked food (熟食熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条炸土豆条); boiled water (开水开水) fallen leaves (落叶落叶) the risen sun (升起的太阳升起的太阳)表被动：表完成： 1. The tall man is a returned

3、 student 高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。 2. My parents are both retired teachers 我的父母都是退休教师。我的父母都是退休教师。 3. The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。激动的人们冲进大楼。 (=the people who were excited)表完成：表心理状态： 动词动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。一个定语从句。 1. Is t

4、here anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗今晚有什么活动吗? (=That has been planned for tonight) 2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success 这次会议有很多人出席这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。开得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people) (2)后置定语后置定语 Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa. A.invi

5、ted B. to invite C.being invited D. had been invited 2) The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written3) The Olympic games, in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first playin

6、g B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing4) Prices of daily foods through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 5) Mr. Smith,_ of the speech, started to read a _ novel. A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D.

7、 tiring, boringwho was tired of the speech 过去分词作表语并无过去分词作表语并无“完成完成”或或“被动被动”之意之意, , 而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等，一般位于联而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等，一般位于联系动词后面，主语多为人。系动词后面，主语多为人。 He looked worried after reading the letter看完信后看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。他显得很忧虑。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved当我们听到这件事时当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。被深深地感动了。 He see

8、med quite delighted at the idea 听到这个想法听到这个想法, 他似乎很高兴。他似乎很高兴。 (delight)二、动词二、动词-ed形式作形式作表语表语 常见的作表语的过去分词有常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused(愉快的愉快的)； broken(碎了的碎了的)；closed(关闭的关闭的)； astonished(吃惊的吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的拥挤的)； experienced(有经验的有经验的); delighted(高兴的高兴的)； lost(丢失的丢失的)；gone(遗失的遗失的)； disappointed(失望的失望的)；worried(担忧

9、的担忧的)； interested(感兴趣的感兴趣的) tired(疲劳的疲劳的) pleased(高兴的高兴的)；satisfied(满意的满意的)； surprised(吃惊的吃惊的); married(已婚的已婚的)； known(著名的著名的) 等等等等 作表语的作表语的-ed形式可被形式可被much, very, quite等所修饰。等所修饰。 I was very pleased at the news 听了这消息我很高兴。听了这消息我很高兴。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听了这想法他似乎很高兴。听了这想法他似乎很高兴。 【注意注意

10、】过去分词作表语不能与被动语过去分词作表语不能与被动语态相混淆，过去分词作表语表示主语的态相混淆，过去分词作表语表示主语的状态；被动语态则表示被动的动作。状态；被动语态则表示被动的动作。 The road is covered with fallen leaves. 路上铺满了落。（ ） The book was written by a woman 这本事是一位妇女写的。（ ）表状态表动作 Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay2) As we joi

11、ned the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词是及物动词, ,表示被动意义或已完成意义表示被动意义或已完成意义, ,有时候两者

12、兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系, ,即宾即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。语是过去分词动作的对象。 She found the door broken in when she came back 她回来时发现有人破门而人。她回来时发现有人破门而人。 My grandfather had his old house rebuilt 我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。逻辑主语【注意注意】 如果这种句子改为被动语态如果这种句子改为被动语态, 原来的原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。宾语

13、补足语变成了主语补足语。 People found the girl beaten black and blue. The girl was found beaten black and blue 人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。 (主语补足语主语补足语) 能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类：能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类：(1)(1)动词动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语动词的宾语补足语, ,这类动词包括这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think

14、, suppose, consider等等。We thought the game lost我们认为球赛输了。我们认为球赛输了。I have never heard him spoken ill of others.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。我从未听过有人说他的坏话。 (2) 动词动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语这类动词包括这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。等。 I have my hair cut once a month 我每个月理一次发。我每个月理一次发。 He was trying to make hi

15、mself understood 他正努力使别人听懂自己。他正努力使别人听懂自己。She held her hands pressed against her face. 她用双手按着脸。她用双手按着脸。 She had her house repaired 她请人把屋子修好了。她请人把屋子修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪儿理的发你在哪儿理的发? “have+宾语宾语+done”结构有三个含义：结构有三个含义： 遭遇某种意外情况。遭遇某种意外情况。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。

16、昨天她的钱包被偷了。 完成某事完成某事 (自己也可能参与自己也可能参与) I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。 (3) 动词动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命形式可作表示希望、要求、命 令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括 like, want, wish, expect, order等这一类等这一类 动词的后面作宾语补足语。动词的后面作宾语补足语。 He wont like such questions discussed at the meeti

17、ng 他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。(4) with的复合结构中的复合结构中 “with+宾语宾语+宾补宾补”这一结构中这一结构中, 过去分词与过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系宾语之间是动宾关系, 与主句的主语没有逻辑与主句的主语没有逻辑关系。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、关系。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因和伴随等状语。条件、原因和伴随等状语。 With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（ ） She stood in front of him,

18、with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。（她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。（ ）表原因表伴随1) - Good morning. Can I help you? - Id like to have this package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed2) The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. played3)

19、 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out4) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired 1. From the dates

20、 _ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been markedExercises.单项选择：单项选择： 2. It was so large a room that a hundred people looked _ in it. A. losing B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 3. Laws that punish parents for their li

21、ttle childrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry 4. With _ leaves _ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried 5. She was glad to see her child well _ care

22、of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking6. Friendship is like money easier made than _. A. kept B. to be kept C. to keeping D. being kept 7. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 8. John rushe

23、d out in a hurry, _ the door _. A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking C. left; unlocking D. to leave; unlocking 9. The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch. A. referred to look B. referred to looking C. referred to looks D. referring to looks 10. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounde

24、d fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded11. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 12. _ time, hell make a first class tennis player. A. Havin

25、g given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 13. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. To lose C. Lost D. Having lost 14. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding.选择恰当的非谓语动词填空：选择恰当的非谓语动词填空： 1. John Snow told the story about the _ (astonish) people in Broad Street. 2. Some of the people _ (invite) to the party couldnt come. 3. There is a car _ (park) outside the house. astonishedinvitedparked 4. The experience _ (gain) will be of great value to us.5. These seats are