Book9英语被动语态教程

1、中考英语专题复习被动语态 1.1.规则动词的过去分词：规则动词的过去分词：1)1)一般情况在动词原形后一般情况在动词原形后加加-ed-edwatch-watched2)2)以不发音以不发音e e结尾的加结尾的加-d-dpractice-practiced3)3)以辅音加以辅音加y y结尾的，去结尾的，去y y变变i i加加-ed-edstudy-studied4)4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母， 先双写该辅音字母，再加先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed-edstop-stopped2.2.不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词：amisarebe

2、enhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone 部分常见的不规则动词：部分常见的不规则动词： go-went-gone do-did-donehave/has-had-had take-took-taken eat-ate-eaten see-saw-seenspeak-spoke-spoken write-wrote-written sing-sang-sung build-built-builtgrow-grew-grown make-made-made am/is/are-was/were-been send-sent-sent 英语的谓语动词有两种语态英语的谓

3、语动词有两种语态We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语宾变主宾变主,主变宾主变宾,原主前加原主前加by动变被动变被,看清看清be, 结构分别结构分别be+ pp主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态的基本构成：被动语态的基本构成： be+be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词（be+done)be+done)He plants trees in spring. 主谓宾(受动者)Treesare planted byhim改为被动语态in spring.主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤:1. 找宾语找宾语 -即

4、动作的承受者即动作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数 -即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.arewere3. 判断动词的时态判断动词的时态 -即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的时态修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改为过去分词 made5. 修改原句的主语修改原句的主语 -即即by+ 主语主语/ 宾语宾语. by them. Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom. Tom broke the windows. The

5、 windows were broken by Tom. He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him. 主动语态变被动语态口诀主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，宾语提前主语变，原主变宾原主变宾by后见，后见，时态人称时态人称be关键关键。Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)The room will be cleanedby Tom tomorrow.His brother washes bowls every day.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)Bowls are w

6、ashed byhis brother every day.1.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般现在时：一般现在时：S(主语）主语）+am/is /are +过去分词过去分词一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are +p.p. We clean the classroom every day.The classroom is cleaned by us every day.2. They bought ten computers last te

7、rm Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词过去分词 He put on a coat. A coat was put on by him.一般过去时一般过去时was/were+p.p.He made the kite.The kite was made by him.3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+ will be+

8、过去分词过去分词一般将来时一般将来时 shall/will /be going to+ be done They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow He is going to write a letter to his mother. A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：一般将来时：一般将来时：am/is /are +P.Pwas/we

9、re +P.P.will+be+ P.P. 练习一练习一1. My mother made the soup.2. Uncle Wang will repair my computer.3.The boy broke the window The soup was made by my mother. My computer will be repaired by Uncle Wang.The window was broken by the boy.被动语态的用法被动语态的用法1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。不知道动作的执行者是谁。这块手表是中国制造的。This watch is made i

10、n China.2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者没有必要指出动作的执行者每年都应该种更多的树。Many trees should be planted every year.何时使用被动语态呢？何时使用被动语态呢？ 3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。需要强调或突出动作的承受者。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.4. 句子的主语是动作的承受者句子的主语是动作的承受者。许多房屋被冲走了。许多房屋被冲走了。Many houses were washed away by the

11、 flood.5、汉语中含有、汉语中含有“被被”、“由由”等词时。等词时。例如：例如： Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被是被Paul叫来的。叫来的。6、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was born in October，1989 7、汉语中含有、汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有人有人说说”、“大家说大家说”等时。例如：等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her

12、mother died of SARS.众所周知众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说据推测说 It is supposed that 补充部分补充部分1. 主动结构表被动意义open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。 This kind of shirt sells well.2. look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动表被动意义。例： It smells wonderful. Mooncakes taste delicious.3. 在b

13、e worth doing中,doing表被动意义。例：This book is worth reading. 4. want/need/require+doing =want/need/require+to be done 例：My bike needs repairing. =My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修理。1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroo

14、m twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told3. We found the ticket on the floor .5. L

15、ast year we built a library in ourschool.A library _ _ in our school last year. was built5.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.6.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done被动语态强调“宾”，用 be加上“过去分”。

16、“be”要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。“行为对象”作主语，逻辑主语“by”来引。原句若是双宾语，一变“主”来一保“宾”。“间宾”要把主语变，原来“直宾”还是“宾”。“直宾”要把主语变，“间宾”前加“to”最称心。唯有原“宾”是“复合”，只有变宾要当心。原句“宾补”变“主补”，位置不必挪寸分。情态动词变“被动”，情态加be加过分。如若“情态”后带to，变后有to才弄准。“短语动词”变“被动”，相当“及物”莫疑心。不过其后“介”或“副”，变后还得要承认。课堂练习课堂练习（一）改写句子（一）改写句子1. We plant trees in spring every year. _ by us in

17、spring every year.2. She posted the letter yesterday. _ by her yesterday.3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present. _a birthday present by Mr Turner.4. She is going to write a letter. _ by her.Trees are plantedThe letter was postedI was givenA letter is going to be written(二二)用所给动词的正确形式填空：用所给动词的正确形式填空： 1) The bike _(fix) up by Xiao Ming yesterday. 2) Sunglasses _ (use) for protecting peoples eyes. 3) A picture _(put) up on the blackboard. 4) French_ (speak) in France. was fixedare usedis putis spokenbe allowed1 （