度全国英语专业四级试题及答案_3

1、度全国英语专业四级试题及答案（4）TEXTBThe“standardofliving”ofanycountrymeanstheaveragepersonsshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.Acountrysstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth."Wealth“inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:&q

2、uot;goods”suchasfoodandclothing,and“services“suchastransportandentertainment.Acountry,scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry,snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon.Someregionsoftheworld

3、arewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilandafavourableclimate;otherregionspossessnoneofthem.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse.Somecountriesareperhapswelloffinnaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonshavebeenunabletodev

4、eloptheirresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountryspeople.Indus

5、trializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Acountry,sstandardoflivingdoesnotonlydependuponthewealththatisproducedandconsumedwithinitsownborders,butalsouponwhatisindirectlyproducedthroughinternational

6、trade.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifshehadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome.Trademakesitpossibleforhersurplusmanufacturedgoodstobetradedabroadfortheagriculturalproductsthatwouldotherwisebelacking.Acountryswealthis,therefore,muchinfluencedbyitsman

7、ufacturingcapacity,providedthatothercountriescanbefoundreadytoacceptitsmanufactures.69. Thestandardoflivinginacountryisdeterminedby.A. itsgoodsandservicesB. thetypeofwealthproducedC. howwellitcancreatewealthD. whatanordinarypersoncanshare70. Acountry,scapacitytoproducewealthdependsonallthefactorsEXC

8、EPT.A.people,sshareofitsgoodsB.politicalandsocialstabilityC.qualitiesofitsworkersD.useofnaturalresources71.Accordingtothepassage,playanequallyimportantruleindeterminingacountry'sstandardofliving.A.farmproductsB.industrial.goodsC.foodstuffsD.exportandimportTEXTCHowwelookandhowweappeartoothersprob

9、ablyworriesusmorewhenareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellns,wewillbe

10、abletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboyshairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionable

11、stylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoor

12、saswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorte

13、randshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandt

14、he“untidy”lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouses.Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater;anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitso

15、medistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudontlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou'llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!72. Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare.A. satisfiedwiththeirappearanceB. concernedaboutappearanceinoldageC. farfro

16、mneglectingwhatisinfashionD. reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion73. FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto.A.confidenceinlifeB.personaldressC.individualhairstyleD.personalfuture74. Causesoffashionsare.A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplicable.75. Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasier

17、becauseitemphasizes.A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality76. Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A. Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations.B. Fashioninformalandinformalsituations.C. Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations.D. Ignoringappearanceinallsituations.TEXTDMassivechangesinallofth

18、eworldsdeeplycherishedsportinghabitsareunderway.WhetheritsoneofLondon'sparksfullofpeopleplayingsoftball,andRussianstakinguprugby,ortheSuperbowlrivalingtheBritishFootballCupFinalasatelevisedspectatoreventinBritain,thepatternsofplayersandspectatorsarechangingbeyondrecognition.Wearewitnessingagloba

19、lizationofoursportingculture.Thatannualbicyclerace,theTourdeFrance,muchlovedbytheFrenchisagoodcaseinpoint.JustafewyearsbackitwasastrictlycontinentalaffairwithFrance,BelgiumandHolland,SpainandItalytakingpart.ButinrecentyearsithasbeendominatedbyColombianmountainclimbers,andAmericanandIrishriders.Thepe

20、oplewhoreallymatterwelcometheshifttowardglobalization.Peugeot,MichelinandPanasonicaremulti-nationalcorporationsthatwantworldwidereturnsforthemillionstheyinvestinteams.Soitdoesthemliterallyaworldofgoodtoseethisunofficialworldchampionshipbecomejustthat.Thisisundoubtedlyaneconomic-basedrevolutionwearew

21、itnessinghere,onemadepossiblebycommunicationstechnology,butmadetohappenbecauseofmarketingconsiderations.SellthegameandyoucansellColaorBudweiseraswellTheskilfulwayinwhichAmericanfootballhasbeensoldtoEuropeisagoodexampleofhowallsportswilldevelop.Theaimofcourseisnotreallytospreadthesportforitsownsake,b

22、uttoincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthemajormoney-makingevents.TheeconomicsoftheSuperbowlarealreadyastronomical.WithseatsatUS$125,gatereceiptsalonewereastaggering$10,000,000.Themostimportantstatisticoftheday,however,wasthe$100,000,000inTVadvertisingfees.Imaginehowmuchthatbecomeswhentheeyesofthe

23、worldarewatching.Soitcameasaterribleshock,butnotreallyasasurprise,tolearnthatsomepeoplearenowsuggestingthatsoccerchangefrombeingagameoftwo45-minutehalves,tooneoffour25-minutequarters.Theideaisunashamedlytocapturemoreadvertisingrevenue,withoutgivinganythoughtfortheintegrityofasportwhichreliesforitsessenceontheflowingnatureoftheaction.Moreover,assportsexpandintoworldmarkets,andasourchoiceofsportsasconsumersalsogrows,sowewilldemandtoseethemplayedatahigherandhigherlevel.Inboxingwehavealreadyseennumerous,dubiousworldtitlecategoriesbecausepeoplewillnotpaytoseeanythingles