九第二单元宾语从句2

1、语法专项-宾语从句一、宾语从句的概念一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句即用一个句子作主句的宾语，而不宾语从句即用一个句子作主句的宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。再是一个词或短语作宾语。I like my teacher.（名词作宾语（名词作宾语)I know him .（代词作宾语）（代词作宾语）I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语）动名词作宾语）I decide to study hard.（不定式作宾语）（不定式作宾语）I know Mr. Li teaches English. (句子作宾语）句子作宾语）She asked if the answer was

2、right. (句子作宾语）句子作宾语）（一）连接词1. that 连接连接_2. whether/if 连接连接_3. 代词代词 who whom whose what which4. 副词副词 when why where how3、4连接连接_一般疑问句一般疑问句一般陈述句一般陈述句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略1. I hear (that) _.(一小时后他会回来）一小时后他会回来）2. He said (that) _. （他非常想念我们）他非常想念我们）3. The teacher told us (that) _.

3、（地球围着太阳转）地球围着太阳转） he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun注意：注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时时态，从句一律用一般现在时由从属连词由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句I want to know _ _.2. Ask him _. 3. I wonder _.4. Could you tell me_? if /whether he will go to th

4、e park with us whether /if he can come whether it is going to rain or notif/ whether “是否是否”，常用在，常用在ask, wonder, find out can (could) tell me, dont know, dont care等后。等后。 whether/if Mr. Li lives here只能用只能用whether不能用不能用if的情况的情况1.在在_后面：后面：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.We are worried about

5、whether it will rain tomorrow.2.在在_前：前：They asked me whether to go skating.介词介词动词不定式动词不定式3.当与当与_连用，连用， Mary asked whether or not I would attend the speech contest. Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.4. _时：时： Whether this is true or not, I cant say.5. 当会产生歧义时：当会产生歧义时： Please le

6、t me know if you like the book. Please let me know whether you like the book.or not提出两种选择提出两种选择 宾语从句提前宾语从句提前或或 _时时:由连接代词由连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及连接及连接副词副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句when well have a meetingwhere he ishow I can get to the stationwhy the train is latewho could answe

7、r the question1. He asked _. (谁能回答这个问题谁能回答这个问题）2. Do you know_. （他们在等谁他们在等谁）3. Please tell me _. （我们什么时候开会我们什么时候开会）4. Can you tell me _. （他在哪儿他在哪儿）5. Could you tell me _. （我该怎么去车站我该怎么去车站）6. Would you tell me _（为什么火车迟到了为什么火车迟到了） whom they are waiting for选择正确的连接词选择正确的连接词1. Can you tell me_ you were bo

8、rn, Betty? A. whoB. whatC. whenD. that2. I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where3. I hardly understand _ he has told me.A. thatB. what C. which D. who4. She didnt know_ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will beD. would he whether be5. I dont know

9、 _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whetherB where C. what D. when6. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday?A. what B when C why D how7. He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whose8. Peter asked _ dictionary this was. A. whoseB. whos C. which D. that9. I told him _ wa

10、s my book.A. whom B. which C. whoD. whose10. Mum asked me _ I would go shopping with. A. which B. thatC. where D. whom（二）语序：陈述句语序 即：陈述句结构（主即：陈述句结构（主+谓谓+其他成分）其他成分）将下列句子换成陈述句语序 1.Is there a bank near here?2.Are they doing homework? （二）语序：陈述句语序 即：主句即：主句+连接词连接词+从句（从句（主主+谓谓+其他成分其他成分）He asked me when I wa

11、s going to the book store. 当从句的原句为以下句子以及当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：作主语时，语序不变： Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? What (has) happened? Which is the way to? Whos over there? Can you tell me who is over there? Do you know who will give us a speech this afternoon? I want to know what c

12、an be done about it.陈述句语序陈述句语序1.They dont know _. A what are their parents B what their parents are C who was their parents D that their parent are who2. Please tell me _ last year.A. where does your sister work B. where did your sister work C. where your sister works D. where your sister worked3. S

13、he asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it4. You must remember _. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said5. Did you know _? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking

14、for C. who he is looking for D. who is he looking after6. Could you tell me _? A. when will they leave for Beijing B. when would they leave for Beijing C. when they will leave for Beijing D. when did they leave for Beijing（二）语序：陈述句语序 即：主句即：主句+连接词连接词+从句（从句（主主+谓谓+其他成分其他成分）He asked me when I was going

15、to the book store. 当从句的原句为以下句子以及当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：作主语时，语序不变： Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? What (has) happened? Which is the way to? Whos over there? Can you tell me who is over there? Do you know who will give us a speech this afternoon? I want to know what can be do

16、ne about it.（三）时态(时态一致性） 主句用现在时态，从句可用任何时态（按需要）。主句用现在时态，从句可用任何时态（按需要）。I know he is a teacher.I know he was a teacher three years ago.I know he has been a teacher for 3 yearsI know he will be a teacher after graduation. 主句用过去时态，从句可用相应的过去时态。主句用过去时态，从句可用相应的过去时态。 但从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，但从句说明的是一般真理、客观事

17、实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。仍用现在时。I knew he was a teacher.I knew he had been a teacher for 3 years.I knew he would be a teacher after graduation. He told me the earth moves around the sun. 时态一致练习时态一致练习1. The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. can take B. take C. takes D. would take2. Cathe

18、rine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3. The students want to know whether they_ a dictation today. A. would have B. has C. will have D. are4. She asked Linda if_ go and get some chalk. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she ma

19、y5. Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. traveled B. has traveled C. travels D. had traveled转述中的人称代词、时间、地点等转换转述中的人称代词、时间、地点等转换 - -根据说话时实际情况进行相应转变根据说话时实际情况进行相应转变 Im tired, she said.She said that _ was tired. You play very well, he told me.He told me that _ played very well.You must hand in your p

20、aper tomorrow, the teacher told us.The teacher told us that _ must hand in _ paper _.Mr. Carter asked him, Are your books here?Mr. Carter asked him if _ books were_.sheIweourhistherethe next day She said to me, Open the door, please. Dont open the door, please, I said to Tom. 宾语从句改写中的特殊情形宾语从句改写中的特殊情

21、形 I asked Tom _ _ _the door . She told me _ _the door.原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应该用 “ ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth. ” 的句式。to open not to open 宾语从句宾语从句与与简单句简单句的转换的转换 I dont know how I can answer the question. He hoped to be a basketball player.I dont know _ _ _the question.He hoped _ _ _ _ a basketball playe

22、r.how to answer (that) he could be It isnt going to rain. (I think) 宾语从句的否定形式宾语从句的否定形式 I dont think it is going to rain. 一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式一样。一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式一样。但若主句谓语动词是但若主句谓语动词是 think 、 believe 、 guess 、 suppose 等表示等表示“认为，猜想认为，猜想”等词时，一般要把宾等词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。(He thinks

23、)He doesnt think it is going to rain.宾语从句应掌握的要点宾语从句应掌握的要点 1宾语从句中必须用陈述句的语序陈述句的语序，即主语+谓语动词+其它成分，句末用句号；但主句为疑问句时，句末用问号。 2要注意主句时态和从句时态的呼应时态的呼应。 l 当主句的谓语动词是现在时态时，从句的谓语动词可用任何需要的时态。 l 当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，从句的谓语动词只能用过去时态范围内的某一种时态。 （排除下一条）l 从句表示普遍真理时，即使主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句的谓语动词也须用一般现在时。 3. 在think, believe等动词引起的宾语从句中，如果否定

24、的是后面的从句，一般要将主句动词改为否定形式，而从句仍然用肯定式。 (否定前置否定前置)1. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light(光光) goes faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know. Jack di

25、dnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4. Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French.that were that goesthat would beif they can speak5. Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games. 6. Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _. 7

26、. How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?if are playinghis name was how many people you can see 8. Where did she put her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car?9. What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered _ _ often _

27、about.10. Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know. I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly.11. Does he still live in that street? I dont know. I dont know _ he still _ in that street. where she putwhat he talkedwho knockedif lives12. When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me _

28、 _ _ _.13. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken. 14. Why didnt you come with us to the party？ Sue asked Steven. Sue asked Steven _ _ _ _ to the party with them.when the train arrivesif wantedwhy he hadnt gone将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句1. Where do they stop

29、 on the way? I asked. 2. What will you say at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to go skiing? He asked. 4. He is doing his homework. He said. 5. He will come back. Tom said. I asked where they stopped on the way. Could you tell me what you will say at the meeting?He asked if they liked

30、to go skiing. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. 6. Is she doing her homework? Jim asked. 7. When will he come back? Tom asked. 8.How can I get to the station? Could you tell me?9.Why is the train late? Would you tell me?10. Where is Tom? They asked. Tom asked

31、when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. Jim asked if she was doing her homework. 1. What did Mike say? He said _. A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring2. Let me tell you _. A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I s