英语句子概论

1、英语句子概论英语句子概论句子成分句子成分句子分类句子分类 简单句基本句型简单句基本句型 一一. . 句子成分句子成分主语：主语：谓语：谓语：宾语：宾语：宾补：宾补：表语：表语：动作的发出者或句子所描述得对象。由动作的发出者或句子所描述得对象。由名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子充当位于句首。句子充当位于句首。发出的动作本身。由动词或动词词组充发出的动作本身。由动词或动词词组充当当, , 位于主语后。位于主语后。动作行为的对象动作行为的对象, ,通常位于及物动词和通常位于及物动词和介词后面。介词后面。补补充宾语的成分充宾语的成分, ,通常位于宾语后通常位于宾

2、语后。由由形容词，名词，介词短语等充当。形容词，名词，介词短语等充当。说明主语的性质或特征说明主语的性质或特征, ,位于系动词之位于系动词之后。后。定语定语状语状语同位语同位语插入语插入语定语：定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语找出下列句子中的定语：找出下列句子中的定语：Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.There are thirty women teachers is our school.His r

3、apid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.He is reading an article about how to learn English.Tom is a boy who likes music very much.总结：形容词；分词；名词；代词；不定式；动名总结：形容词；分词；名词；代词；不定式；动名词；介词短语；从句。词；介词

4、短语；从句。状语：状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。通常由副词，作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。通常由副词，介词短语和从句充当介词短语和从句充当510：方式；伴随；目的；结果；让步；比较同位语同位语: 对其前面的名词代词做进一步解释对其前面的名词代词做进一步解释. That is Mr. Chen, our English teacher. 插入语插入语: 对一句话作一些附加的解释对一句话作一些附加的解释. To be honest, I dont quite agree with you.二二. . 句子

5、分类句子分类1. He learns German. 2. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.3. We sang and danced yesterday evening.4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at five in the afternoon. （一个主语和一个谓语）一个主语和一个谓语）（并列主语和一个谓语）并列主语和一个谓语）（一个主语和并列谓语）（一个主语和并列谓语）（并列主语和并列谓语）（并列主语

6、和并列谓语）1.1.主语主语+ +系动词系动词+ +表语（表语（ S+ Link.V+P S+ Link.V+P ）2.2.主语主语+ +不及物动词不及物动词 ( S + Vi. )( S + Vi. )3.3.主语主语+ +及物动词及物动词+ +宾语（宾语（S+Vt+OS+Vt+O）4.4.主语主语+ +及物动词及物动词+ +间接宾语间接宾语+ +直接宾语直接宾语 (S+Vt+O(S+Vt+Oi i+O+Od d) ) 5.5.主语主语+ +及物动词及物动词+ +宾语宾语+ +宾补宾补(S+Vt+O+C) (S+Vt+O+C) 状态：状态：seem, appear, prove - 感官：感

7、官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look -变化：变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow - 持续：持续：remain, stay, keep, continue -其其 它它系动词系动词 Correct mistakes:1. Her voice sounds beautifully.2. The whole company was surprising at the news. 3. To see is believe.4. It seem like a good idea.5. The lights still on.6. Al

8、l the potatoes changed bad.7. Jim was remained a worker. Correct mistakes:1. Her voice sounds beautifully.2. The whole company was surprising at the news. 3. To see is believe.4. It seem like a good idea.5. The lights still on.6. All the potatoes changed bad.7. Jim was remained a worker.To believe;

9、seems; are still; went; 去掉去掉was判断下列句子属于哪种基本句型？判断下列句子属于哪种基本句型？1. I like my job very much.2. What do you want to be in the future ? 3. Each of you has a dream . 4. Our school lies in the center of Jin Shi. 5. You will graduate from it next year.6. Who can find me the eraser? =7. Pass me the salt. =8.

10、We saw him jump into the river.双宾动词有：双宾动词有：bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, send, show, teach, tell, write, buy, cook, choose, find。Exercises:1.Is this raincoat yours? No, mine_ there behind the door. is hanging B. is hung C. hangs D. was hung 2. _ your head, and youll see the sun_ now. Raise;

11、rising Raise; raising C. To raise, rising D. Lift; being risen A A 3. More than a dozen students in that school_ abroad to study medicine last year. （2005年上海）年上海） A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent4. The heros story_ differently in the newspaper. （2005年全国年全国I、II） A. was reported B. wa

12、s reporting C. Reports D. reportedB A6. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it_ often enough. （2005年天津）年天津） A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained 5. Is Bob still performing? Im afraid not. He is said_ the stage already as he has become an official.（2005年江苏）年江苏） A.

13、to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be leftA D并列句并列句 含义：含义：二二. . 结构：结构：三三. . 分类：分类：由并列连词由并列连词andand，butbut，oror，forfor，soso等把两个或等把两个或两个以上互不依从，但意思紧密联系的简单句连两个以上互不依从，但意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起而构成的句子在一起而构成的句子。简单句简单句+ +并列连词并列连词+ +简单句简单句 表示同等关系的并列句表示同等关系的并列句： and; “和”、“并且”，也可不译出来。例如：He likes playing

14、football and he plays well.他喜欢踢足球，并且踢得很好。 Last year l met Kate and we became friends.去年我和凯特相遇，我们成了朋友。 2. 2. 表示转折关系的并列句表示转折关系的并列句：but(but(但是但是) )，yet(yet(可是可是), however(), however(然而然而) )It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它没有嘴巴，但是它会说话。 School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.学校放学了，可是老师们

15、仍然在工作。Its raining hard, however, we must go out. 雨下得很大，然而我们必须出去。 3. 3. 表示选择关系的并列句表示选择关系的并列句：or(或者，否则) (1)“或者”，表示选择。 Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。(2)“否则”、“要不然”，表示条件。You must tell the truth，or you will be punished你必须说真话，否则你将会受到惩罚。 4. 4. 表示因果关系的并列句表示因果关系的并列句：forfor，

16、soso(1)for在意义上与从属连词because，since和as相同，但它们引导的是原因状语从句。例如：He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。他有许多好朋友，因为他是个诚实的男子汉。(2)so意为“因此”、“所以”，但不能与because同时出现在同一个句子中。因为because是从属连词，而不是并列连词，用来连接并列句。例如：Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead李老师回家乡去了，所以王老师替二课。5. 表示对比关系的并列句：

17、表示对比关系的并列句：while(然而）；例如：He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 他想当作家，而我则想当科学家。6. 6. 其他形式的并列句其他形式的并列句 (1)“祈使句+and+简单句”。祈使句表示一个条件，并列连词and引导的简单句则表示一个较好的结果，谓语常用一般将来时。Use your head, and you will find the solution 动脑筋，你就会想出解决办法来。(2)“祈使句+or+简单句”。祈使句表示一个条件，并列连词or后的简单句则表示一个不愉快或不理想的结果。Study

18、hard, or you Will fall behind the others 努力学习，否则你就会落于别人。(3)“either.or”结构表示“不是就是”，“或者或者” Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it. 我叔叔可以做那件事，或者我婶婶也可以做。习惯上将两个句子合并成Either my uncle or my aunt can do it.(4) “not onlybut also”“不仅而且”，Not only the students have missed the school car, but also the teacher has missed the school car. 不仅学生，而且他们的老师都误了校车。(5) “neithernor