上课英语语法——代词的用法

1、 英语代词的用法英语代词的用法一、定义与分类一、定义与分类l代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。不定代词一直是英语的重点。二：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词二：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词l这三种代词都有人称（一、二、三人称）的变化、数（单、复数）的变化，以及性（阴性、阳性、中性）的变化。其中，人称代词除了这三种变化外，还有格（主格、宾格）的变化。l物主代词又包括两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。l特别注意：形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代词。人称

2、人称单复数单复数主主 格格宾宾 格格形容词性形容词性物主代词物主代词名词性名词性物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词第一第一人称人称单单 数数Imemyminemyself复复 数数weusouroursourselves第二第二人称人称单单 数数youyouyouryoursyourself复复 数数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三第三人称人称单单 数数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititits无无itself复复 数数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves这这三种代词的形式三种代词的形式变化表如下变化表如

3、下 三、人称代词的用法三、人称代词的用法l 1) 定义定义：人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数（单数、复数）以及性（阴性、阳性、中性）三方面与被指代的名词一致。l 如：I am a student. l Tom is a boy, and he is a student.l Mary is very pretty, and she likes singing.l The boys are students, and they are in the room.l The doy is small. It is Toms.l2）人称代词的句法

4、功能）人称代词的句法功能l人称代词有主格和宾格之分：主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语（宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者）。lB) 人称代词的主格形式在在句中作主语和表语（表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于连系动词（be, become, appear, seem等）之后）。 l如: I like music(主语). She is a teacher.(主语)lShe and I are good friends(主语).lNeither she nor I am student.lI saw

5、the boys this morning.lAre you sure it was they(表语)?lIt might have been she.lC) 人称代词的宾格在句子作动词的宾语，或者介词的宾语。l如：I saw him at the party(宾语).lI havent seen them recently.(宾语)lI bought a book for them.(作介词宾语)l=I bought them a book.(间接宾语)四、物主代词的用法四、物主代词的用法l 1）定义）定义：l 物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语（定

6、语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。），相当于一个形容词，不能单独使用；名词性物主代词则不能用作定语，相当于一个名词词组，可以单独使用，在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词of连用。如：l Here is my dog. Its name is Tom.（形容词性物主代词） l My sister lost her bicycle. （形容词性物主代词） l Is that coffee yours or hers? (名词性物主代词)l 2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能名词性物主代词的句法功能 l a. 作主语l 如： May I use your pen? Yours works

7、 better. l b. 作宾语l 如：I love my motherland as much as you love yours. l 我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。l c. 作介词宾语l I am writing with your pen, not with mine.l d. 作表语l 如：My life is yours. Its yours. Its yours. 我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。l 3） 形容词性物主代词的用法形容词性物主代词的用法l A) 形容词性物主代词与形容词一起修饰名词时,其顺序是:形容词性物主代词+形容词+名词。如:l my new bike

8、我的新自行车l her young son 她年幼的儿子l B) 形容词性物主代词所修饰的名词可以是单数,也可以是复数。如:l my pen 我的钢笔l his books 他的书l C) 形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,它后面必须跟名词,即在名词前作定语。l 如: 这是我的钢笔.l 误This pen is my.l 正This is my pen.lD) 当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用冠词a, an或the来修饰名词。如:l那是我的自行车.l误That is my a bike. / That is a my bike.l正That is my bike.lE）当名词前有形容词性

9、物主代词修饰时,不能再用指示代词this, that, these或those来修饰名词。l如:他们的电脑在这儿。l误Their those computers are here.(或Those their computers are here.)l正Their computers are here. 注意注意：l A) 名词性物主代词后不能跟名词，或代词one。它总是单独出现在句中。l 如：The umbrella is mine.l He likes my pen. He doesnt like hers. l B) 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 l 为避免重复使用名词，有时可用

10、“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。 l 如：My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. l 为避免重复使用bag，可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink. l C) 名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 -s属格结构.l 如： Jacks cap 意为 The cap is Jacks. l His cap 意为 The cap is his. l D) 可以说 a frie

11、nd of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)，=one of my friends；但是不能说 a friend of me (us, you, her, him, them)。l E) 有时同一个结构用不用物主代词会导致含义的变化。如：l Dont lose heart. 别灰心l She lost her heart to Jim. 她爱上了吉姆。五、反身代词的用法五、反身代词的用法l 1）定义：）定义：l 如人称代词一致，反身代词的人称和数以及性要和它所指代的名词或代词一致。l 2）反身代词的句法功能）反身代词的句法功能l 反身代词可用作宾语、同

12、位语、表语等。用作同位语时，主要用于加强被修饰词的语气，可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。l 如：l He himself was a doctor. (同位语)l =He was a doctor himself.l She is too young to look after herself. （宾语）l I dont blame you, I blame myself(宾语).l He cut himself when he was cooking.(宾语)l That poor boy was myself.（表语）l 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。注意注意： l反身代词用于 be, feel,

13、 seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神所处的状态。如：lIll be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。lHe doesnt feel himself today.lIm not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。 六指示代词的用法六指示代词的用法l1）指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如：l 单数 复数l 限定词：This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.l 代 词：This is Mar

14、y. Those are my teachers.l 2）指示代词的句法功能）指示代词的句法功能l 指示代词主要有四个，即this, that, these 和 those。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。l This is my book.(主语)l I want that.(宾语)l My book is that.(表语)l I like that dress.(定语)七、不定代词的用法七、不定代词的用法l 1）定义：）定义：l 不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。l 2）种类：）种类：l 英语中不定代词有：some（something，somebody，someon

15、e，somewhere），any（anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere）， no（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone，everywhere），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither等。1.both,all,either,any,either,none的用法的用法都都任何任何都不都不两者两者botheitherneither三者或三者以上三者或三者以上allan

16、ynoneall 与 both 的用法均表示都，但 all 表示三者以上的人或物， both 则表示两个人或物。二者都表示肯定意义，如果与 not 连用时，则表示部分否定。neither 与 either 的用法都可用于表示两个人或物。 neither 表否定意义，意为（两者中的每一个）都不；而 either 表肯定意义，意为（两者中的每一个）都。都可单独使用，也可同介词 of 连用。如：Both teams were in hard training； neither willing to lose the game.Do you want tea or coffee？Either. I r

17、eally dont mind.l 2 . some 与 any 的用法l 1. some 用于肯定句以及表示建议或期待得到肯定回答的问句。修饰单数名词时，意为某个。如：l I have some questions about the assignment.l Would you mind buying me some sweet？l （希望得到肯定答复）。l 2. any 用于否定句和疑问句时，表示一些。用于肯定句时，只和单数名词或不可数名词连用，表示任何。如：l The medicine is on sale every where. You can get it at any chem

18、ists.辨析lsomething 某事，某物 lsomebody 某人，有人 lsomeone 某人，有人lsomewhere 某地lanything 任何事lanybody 任何人lanyone 任何人lanywhere 任何地方辨析leverything 每一件事leverybody 每一个人leveryone 每一个人leverywhere 每一个地方lnothing 没事 lnobody 谁也不，没有人lno one 没有人lnowhere 任何地方都不 l3 . each 与 every 的用法l1. each 强调个体，表示两个或两个以上中的每一个，在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语和

19、同位语。如：lThere are trees and flowers at each side of the road.l2. every 强调整体，表示三者或三者以上中的每一个，只能作定语，不能说 every of them ，要说 every one of them .如：lEvery student in our class works hard.l 4 . no one(nobody), none与nothing的用法l 1. no one 意为没有人，只能指人，不能指物，不可与介词 of 连用，谓语动词用单数形式，回答 who 引导的问句。如：l -Who is in the cla

20、ssroom？l -No one.l 2. none 既可指人，也可指物，强调数量，意为一点也不，一个也不；谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数；常与 of 连用，通常指三者以上的人或物中没有一个，回答 how much 和 how many 引导的问句。如：l -How much money do you have?l -None.l 3.nothing只能指物，常回答what引导的疑问句。如：l -What are you doing now?l -Nothing.5 . one, another, the other, some, others ,the others的用法的用法一个一个/一些一

21、些另外一个另外一个/一些一些剩余的一个剩余的一个/一些一些单数单数oneanotherthe other复数复数someothersthe others6.many, much, few, little, a few, a little的用法的用法多多少少加可数复数名词加可数复数名词manyFew加不可数名词加不可数名词muchlittle肯定肯定否定否定加可数复数名词加可数复数名词a few几个几个few少少加不可数名词加不可数名词a little一点一点little少少英语语法代词专项练习及答案英语语法代词专项练习及答案1.The teacher gave the books to all

22、 the students except_who had already taken them. A.ones B.some C.the ones D.the others 2.Our manager allowed_to take a holiday next week. A.you and I B.yourself and me C.I and you D.you and me 3.-I feel a bit thirsty. -Why dont you have_water? A.some B.a C.any D.little 1-3 CDA 4.I have two cats and

23、I like_. A.all of them B.them both C.every one of them D.them each 5.My father said that he would take_for dinner when he came next time. A.all us out B.out all us C.all out us D.us all out 6.Peter didnt attend the party_. A.the last week B.the week before now C.this past week D.the week past 7.Some

24、 of my students study very hard._just dont care. A.Anothers B.The other C.Others D.Some other 4-7 BD CC 8-11ABD C 8.-Did you feed the baby? -No,he can_. A.eat by himself B.feed for himself C.feed by himself D.eat for himself 9.My brother is a man of_words. A.little B.few C.less D.fewer 10.There is_h

25、ope for the work to be finished in such short time. A.much B.small C.few D.little 11.Some old buildings were put down,but_new ones have been built. A.much more B.no more C.many more D.any more 12-15ADBA 12.When they met,they stopped and said hello to_. A.each other B.each another C.the other each D.

26、each one 13.-Which of the two French films do you like better? -_,because they are meaningless. A.Both B.Either C.None D.Neither 14.-The US is certainly an interesting country. -Yes,you can find just about_there. A.something B.everything C.nothing D.anything 15.After everyone took_place,the meeting

27、began. A.his B.their C.there D.the 16-19 CCAD 16.Although the city is small,its library is as complete_. A.as a large city B.like a large city C.as that of a large city D.like in a large city 17.A few of_are planning to drive to New York during spring break. A.we boys B.boys we C.us boys D.boys 18.T

28、hat man is a friend of my_. A.brothers B.brother C.brothers D.brothers 19.Of all the problems,_is so difficult as this one. A.not one B.either C.neither D.none 20.Im sorry I cant give you_advice. A.a B.an C.any D.some 21.The old man feels lonely with_to look after him. A.someone B.no one C.anyone D.none 22.His leg was hurt._is why he didnt come. A.It B.Which C.That D.There 23.-What does John do in China? -I hear_teaches English. A.she B.him C.his D.he 20-23CBCD 24-27 CB AD 24.There were only_people who could get_money for the work. A.few;many B.little;many C.a few;much D.a l