人教版七年级下英语(unit4)知识点总结全

1、初一英语个性化辅导Review of Unit4【主要语法】一、知识点1、定义：祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告或祝愿等的句 子。2、祈使句的结构：通常省略主语you,以动词原形开头，末尾可用句号或感 叹号。2、特点：祈使句没有疑问句的形式，一般只有肯定和否定两种形式。Go and wash your hands.（表命令）Be qu i te, p I ease. （PI ease be qu i et.） （表请求）Be kind to your si ster.（表劝告）Watch your steps.（表警告）No parking.（表禁止）二、重点：祈使句的不同形式（1

2、）V型：即以实义动词开头的祈使句，这种祈使句的常用结构为:动词原形（V）+宾语（+其他）Eg：把门关上。 the door.起立！ up!（2）B型：即以系动词be开头的祈使句，这种祈使句的常用结构：be+形容词/名词Eg：做个好学生。 a good student.安静！!（3） L型：即let型（Let+宾语+动词原形+其他）Eg:让我来读吧 read it.咱们去爬山吧 go to the mountains.（4） D型：即祈使句的否定形式（一般在动词上否定，也可以用否定副词 （never）来表示）'t be +其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语）Eg:另I生气！angry.不要

3、迟到。. late.注意：在这种句型中，be不能省略否定副词not不可置于be之后B. Don，t +动词原形+其他Eg:别在教室里吃东西。in the cIassroom.别像那样和父母亲讲话 your parents I ike that!C. Let引起的祈使句有两种否定形式a. Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他Let her not do that.Let' s not think about it. It' s only a waste of time.b. Don' t+ let+宾语+动词原形+其他Don' t Iet Jim do that.

4、Don' t let us go, pI ease.三、难点：1、特殊形式的祈使句在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No+名词/ V-ing形式”结 构，表示“禁止做某事”。Eg:不许停车! No parking!禁止游泳！!不许交谈！!(2) .在表达请求或劝告时，有时为了表示委婉的语气，可以在句首或句末 p I ease,但是如果p I ease加在句末，应用逗号将其与前面的部分隔开。Eg: 请进 PI ease. =, p I ease.请坐 PI ease. =, p I ease.(3) .在意思比较明显的情况下，可以把谓语动词省略。This way, pI ease.(

5、4) .有时为了加强语气，可以在动词前使用do.Do be carefuI ! 一定要小心！(5) .有时为了强调对方，也可加上主语you,人名或everybody, anybody 等不定代词。You sweep the floor and I cIean the window.Stand up, everybody.(6) .有时为了明确向谁提出请求或发出命令，可加称呼语，但称呼语要与句 子用逗号隔开。Put the sh i rt on the bed, J im.2、祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will 或 won' to在回答具有

6、否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：1）形式一致（即Yes与wi I I保持一致；No与won' t保持一致）2）意思相反（即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思）。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如：Don' t go out, pI ease. It' s raining heav iIy outs i de.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the a i rport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。三、考点：祈使句用于两个重要句型中(1) . “祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句

7、”用来叙述肯定的条件。Eg: Hurry up and you' I I catch the train.Study hard and you can make progress everyday.(2) . “祈使句+or(else) +表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件， or(else)表示“否则;要不然”。Eg: Hurry up, or you' I I miss the train.考题精选1 PI ease, they' re having a meet i ng.A. not be so noisy B. be quite C. mustn' t

8、 talk D. no speak i ng2. to meet me at the station. I' I I be waiting there.A. Not to forget B. Not forget C. Forget not D. Don' t forget3. -Don' t forget to come to my b i rthday party tomorrow.A. don' tB. won' tC. can' tD. haven' t4. I f you are t i red, a rest.A. have

9、B. hav i ng C. to haveD. had5.me go. It is very important for me.A. Do Iet B. Let do C. Doing IetD. To do I et6. He i s not honest.be I i eve him.A. NotB. Don' tC. To notD. Not to7.up ear Iy tomorrow, or you cant catch the tra i n.A. Gett i ngB. GetC. To getD. Got8.i n the street.It' s dange

10、rous.A. Not p I ay playB. Not to p I ayC. Don, t p I ayD. Don' t to9. PI easeme some money,wiI I youA. I endB. I end i ngC.borrowD. borrowingseated.10. The film is about to begin. PleaseA. beB. areC. isD. be i ng11.downthe radio. The baby' s as Ieep i n thenext room.A.Turn i ngB. To turnC. T

11、urnedD.Turn12.Lucy,the door orsomeone wi I I come in.A.closeB.closesC. not c I oseD. is closing13.and pI ayfootbaI Iinthe street after I unch.A.Let' s not togoB. Let's not go C. Let' s don' t go D. Notlet' s go14.A sign with thewords ”i s often foundi n a bus.A.Not park i ngB.Not

12、 smoking C. No parkingD. No smok i ng15.Ch i neseinyou Engl i sh cI ass.A.Not speakB. Don' t speak C. Speaknot D. Don' tspeak i ngthe boxes. You may use them Iater.A. KeepB. Keep i ngC. To keepD.Kept17. The TV is too Ioud. PleaseA. turn it downB. to turn it downC. turn down itD. to turn down

13、 it18.cross theroad untiI the traffic Iights turns green.A. Not B. Won't C. Doesn* t D. Don1119.1. Do you know the girl under the treeA. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood20. Kate, your homework here tomorrow.A. br ing B. br ings C. to br ing D. bringing二.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. It' s an impo

14、rtant meeting. (not, be ) late.2. (not, make) any noise! Your mother is sIeeping.3. (not, speak) with your mouth ful I of food and (be) pol i te.4.(not, taIk) and(read) a I oud.5. (not, I eave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.6. (look) out! A car is coming.7. (give) us ten years and just see what

15、our country wi I I be I ike.8. (not, I et) the baby cry.9. Wear more c I othes or you (catch) a co I d.10. Let' s(not, say) anything about it.三、句型转换11. Wi I I you p I ease read it aga i n more slowly (改为祈使句)aga i n more slowly, pI ease.12. I f you don' t I i sten to me, I'll go.(改为同义句)me

16、, or I ' I I go.13. Let's watch the sports games. (改为反意疑问句)Let1s watch the sports games, 14. The teachers often te I I the students not to be care I ess. （改为 祈使句）care I ess, p I ease.15. PI ease s i t next to Nancy.（改为否定句） next to Nancy.16. Don' t forget to turn off the I i ghts, p I eas

17、e.（改为反意疑问句）Don11 forget to turn off the Iights,17. If you move, you I I die.（改为同义句）, or you1I I die.18. Come to my house tomorrow. （改为反意疑问句）Come to my house tomorrow,19. 这是一个坏了的被子。（翻译句子）This is a.20. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。（翻译句子）Let' s go and he I p the, p I ease.【重点词组及短语】schoo I ru I es学校规章制度反(遵守)规章制度a

18、rr i ve I ate for cI ass = be I ate for cI ass 厅，餐厅i n c I ass 在课堂上eat i n the c I assroom 在教室里吃东西I i sten to 听，wear un iforms 穿制月艮have to do不得不做according to根据，依据share (sth ) with sb 和某人分享on schooI nights在校期间的晚上 练习弹钢琴go out夕卜出break (fallow/keep) the ruIes 违上课迟到dining hall饭on t i me 准时(in t i me 及时)w

19、ear a hat (hats)戴帽子schoo I uni forms 校月艮I see我明白了be (keep) quiet 保持安静make (up) ru I er 制订规则()on schooI days在上学期间pract i ce (pI ay i ng) the p i anosee friends看望朋友cIean (one' s) room*丁扫房间do the d i shes 洗餐具too many/much太多的(可数/不可数) make (one' s) bed铺床 go to bed 去睡觉(be i n bed 在床上) be strict (w

20、ith sb)对某人) 要求严格think about (sb/sth/doing sth)考虑(某人/某物/做某事)I earn to do sth 学(做某事)Don't ta I k. = No talking.不要说话。【知识点解析】't fight.不要打架。fight作动词，意为“打架、打仗”。其过去式为fought.(1)fight for "为而斗争”，后面常接抽象名词，表示为事业、自由等而 斗争。Eg:They are f ighting for freedom.他们正为自由而战。(2)fight against "为反对而战斗”，后接事物

21、名词、人和国家名词。Eg: They fought against the enemy.他们和敌人作战。(3)fight with "和打架”,“同(并肩)战斗”，后只接表示人或国家 的名词。Eg:Don' t fight with him.不要和他打架。【典型例题】They fought the I ta I ians i n the I ast war, but them i nthis war.A. with; withB. with;for C. against ; against;aga i nst./Mrs. /Miss.(1)M$.: “女士”，用于婚姻状况不明

22、或不想区分婚否的女子的姓前。(2)Mrs.: “夫人”，用于已婚女子姓前。Madam:也用于已婚女子，意为“夫人、女士”，一般单独使用，不与姓连 用(3)Miss.: “小姐”用于未婚女子姓前，还常用于年轻的女教师的姓前，可 译为“老师”。3.辨析：get to/reach/arr i ve相同点：都是“到达”的意思 不同点：get to+地点；reach+地点arr i ve at+小地点（车站等）；arr i ve in+大地点（国家等）注意：(1) . get to 与地点副词(here/there/home*)不用介词 toEg: I want to go to Be i j i ng

23、.I got home at 15:00.我下午三点到的家。(2) . arr ive是不及物动词，后面若接地点名词则要和in/at连用，接地点副 词时则不用介词。Eg: I arr i ved home at 15:00. =l got home at 15:00.He arr i ved i n Shangha i yesterday.他昨天到的上海。He arr i ved yesterday.他昨天到的。(3) . reach是及物动词，后面直接接地点名词或副词。Eg:When wi I I they reach here【典型例题】What time did the team the

24、 top of the mountainAt about 4:30 .at(4) On time 和 in time(Don time “准时，按时”，指按规定的时刻不早不晚。Eg: He a I ways go to schoo I on time.他总是按时上学。(2) in time "及时”,指没有迟到，时间还充裕。Eg: F i reman reached the house on f i re i n time.消防员及时赶到那幢失火 的房子。、Iisten 和 sound都有“听”的意思，但三者是有区别的：hear”听说“侧重于“听”的内容。Eg: I'm so

25、rry to hear that you are ill.听说你生病了 我很难过。I never heard such an interest ing story.我从来没听过这么有趣的 一个故事。I isten“听”侧重于“听“这一动作。Eg：Listen to me carefuI Iy, 认真听我说。The chi Idren I ike to I isten to music.孩子们喜欢听音乐。sound”听起来”它是系动词 后面接形容词等。Eg:That sounds great.那听起来真不错。It sounds I ike fun.听起来挺有趣。【典型例题】carefuI I y

26、, or you are not ab Ie to anythi ng. (be ab I eto do sth能够做);Ii sten ;hear ;Ii sten ;Ii sten6 .辨析take,bring(1)take “带走，拿走”指把东西从说话地带到别的地方。Eg:Can you he Ip me to take the books to the c I assroom 你能帮我把这些 书带到教室里去吗(2)bring “带来”指把东西从别处带到说话地。Eg: Br i ng your homework here tomorrow, p I ease.请你明天把作业带到这儿 来。

27、【典型例题】away th i s d i rty sh i rt and me a cIean one.;br i ng ;take ;take ;br i ng7 . strict是形容词，意为“严格的”；“严厉的”，通常与be动词连 用。(1)be strict with sb "对某人严厉”Eg:Mr. White is very strict with us.怀特先生对我们要求很严格。We shouId be str ict with ourseI ves.我们应该对自己要求严格。(2)be strict in (doing) sth ”对某事要求严格”Eg：0ur bos

28、s i s str ict i n our work.我们的老板对我们的工作要求严格。“记得，记住”，是及物动词，可以直接加名词。(1) remember doing sth记得已做某事(已做)Eg: I remember seeing him once.我记得见过他一次。remember to do sth记得要做某事(还没做)Eg：Remember to post the letter for me.记得给我寄这封信。forget “忘记，忘了”，作remember反义词时，用法和remember相同。作动词意为“帮助”，常用的结构有:(1)help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做

29、某事(2) he I p sb with sth (n.)帮助某人做某事Eg: I often he Ip him with hi s Iessons.我常帮他学功课。(3) he I p onese I f (myse I f/yourse I f/herse If-) to+n.请随便用Eg: PI ease he I p yourse I ves to some fruit .请随便吃些水果。help还可作名词，表示“帮助”，是不可数。many,too much 与 much too易混词 组意义及用法例句too形容词，“太，太多”，接There are too many peop1em

30、any可数名词in the park.too形容词，“太多”，接不可1 have too much homeworkmuch数名词today.much副词，“太，非常”,接形My mother i s much tootoo容词或副词busy.【典型例题】I have ski rts and thi s one i s large for me, so youcan take i t i f you Ii ke.A. too many; too much B. too much; much too C. too many; much too,too 与 a I so易混 词意义及用法例句e i

31、 the r“也”，用于否定句中，置于句末 时用”隔开1won' tgothere,e i ther.too“也”，用于肯定句句末，用 “，”隔开1 1 i ke danc i ng, too.a 1 so“也”，用于肯定句句中1a 1 so1 i keEngl ish.【典型例题】I don' t Ii ke herfun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快in bed ”在床上、卧床”，in和bed之间不能用冠词，bed也不用复数。Eg: He i s i n bed for 10 years.他卧床 10 年了。Dave ha

32、s to be in bed ear Iy every night.大卫每晚必须很早睡觉。talking ! ”禁止交谈。"n。后面加上名词或动名词doing也表示不要做某 事。与don't +do的用法相似。Eg:No wet umbreIlas! / Don' t put wet umbrel las here!禁止放湿雨伞No food! Don' t eat food here!禁止吃食物No smoking! Don't smoke here!禁止吸烟,put on , be in, dress1) wear是动词，它的意思是“穿”，它表示状

33、态。eg: My father wears a T-shi rt today.我爸爸今天穿着 T 恤衫。2) put on的意思是“穿上、戴上“，它表示动作。eg: It，s co I d outs i de, put on your coat p I ease.夕卜面非常冷， 请穿上 你的大衣。3) dress作动词时，表示“为穿衣”后接反身代词或人，也可以不接宾 语。eg: Can you dress the baby for me你能帮我给孩子穿衣服吗4) be in表示穿着的状态，后接颜色或服装。例如：The girl in red is my sister.穿红衣服的女孩是我姐姐。T

34、he girl in hat is very beautifuI.戴帽子的女孩儿很漂亮。15. Important adj.重要的It' s important to do sth.做.很重要1) outside副词，意为“在外面"，反义词是inside。Eg: Don' t go outs i de. It' s too co I d.不要到外面去，天气太冷了。2) outside还可以做介词， 意为“在外面”。Eg: There is a new car outside the house. 房子外边有一年两新车。3) outs ide作名词，意为“外部，

35、外表”。The outside of the house is red,这个房子的外部是红色的。辨析：作副词时out与outside的区别out副 词意为“外出，出来”，其反义词 为in。outs i de副 词作副词时，意为“在外面，在户 外”等,其反义词为insideo拓展：go out的用法1) 外出，或者指“参加社交活动，外出交际或娱乐”。例如：Mary goes out a lot on Sundays.每逢周日，玛丽的应酬非常 多。2) 出去。例如：Let' s go out for a wa I k,让我们出去散步吧。3) 出国，移居国外。例如：He went out t

36、o Canada two years ago.他两年前移居加拿大了。4) 过时，不流行。例如：This kind of shoes went out Iast year.这款鞋去年就过时了。二者意思相似，但用法很不一样。ago通常和一般过去时态的动词连用，前面是一个表示时间段的词或短语。eg: We started our c I ass about ten minutes ago.我们大约十分钟前开始 上课的。（不能说.before）before通常用来表示在某个时间点之前。eg : We started our c I ass before e i ght o' c I ock.我

37、 61，、点、前开专台上课 的。（不能说 eight o' cIock ago） They came here before this week.他 们是这个星期前到这儿的。（不能说this week ago）另外，before可以单独用作状语，而ago则不能这样用。Eg: I read about it in a newspaper before.我以前在一张报纸上看到过这 件事。（不能用ago）,study（1） learn虽然可指学习的过程，但更侧重指学到的成果，因此常译为“学 到”、“学会”；而study则侧重指学习过程。Eg: He stud i ed hard and I

38、earned Eng I i sh very well,他努力学习，把英 语学得很好。（2） learn多用于学习的初级阶段或带有模仿性的操作技艺等；而study 则常用于较高深或周密的研究。Eg: I had to I earn a trade at the age of seven,我在 7 岁时就不得不 去学做生意。This question should be carefuI Iy studied.这个问 题必须认真研 究。“keep +sb./sth.+形容词”表示“使某人或者某物保持某种状态”。此句 式中的keep是动词，意为“保留，保存，保持” oEg: Too much wor

39、k keeps me busy and t i red.太多的工作让我忙碌而且疲 惫。We must keep the c I ass c I ean.我们必须保持教室干净。拓展：keep常见的其他用法1) “keep +形容词”，意为“保持某种状态”。例如：Keep qu i et, p I ease!请保持安静！2) “keep sb. doing sth. ”表示“让某人继续/不断地做某事”。例如：He kept me waiting for an hour. 他让我等了一个小时。20.“必须"考查must与have to在英语中，must与have to都可以表示“必须”，但

40、其用法有所不同。must表示说话人的主观看法，认为有义务有必要。如：我们必须努力工作。（是我们要这样做的）We have t。表示客观需要，即周围的环境、习惯、协约等要求某人“不得 不作某事” oEg：我们不得不努力工作。”（环境使我们不得不这样做）We must的否定形式为 , have to的否定形式为, 两者意义也不同。前者表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“禁止”等，后者 表示“不必要” OEg：你们不能在马路上踢足球。You p I ay f ootba I I on the road.你今天不必练钢琴了。You practice the pianotoday.要表示过去获奖来“必须”，则

41、必须用have t。的相应形式。如：昨天我们不得不去购物。We go shopping yesterday.【典型例题】chi Idren p I ay f ootba I I on the road.,tI cIean the bI ackboardNo, you 't ' t ' t notmother there, she has gone to Amer ica.be be be t be【考题精选】I.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1. We have to(wear) uniforms to school every day.2. Jim(have) to

42、 brush his teeth before going to bed.3. My mother often asks me to practice (p I ay) the viol in.4. Don' t (br ing) music p Iayers to schooI.5. Don' t be( noise) in the I ibrary.6. Everyone fee Is(re I ax) when they Ii sten to Ii ght music.7. The weather i s (terr ible) hot.8. Does Jack(do)

43、his homework on time9. She(not Ii ke) playing basketbaI I 10. I have to(get up) at six o' cIock.II .选词填空。1. (Don' t, Can' t ) cross the road when the traffic I i ghts are red.2. It' s cold outs ide. I(must, have to) put on my coat.3. This is(quiet, quite) an interesting book.4. (Take

44、, Br i ng) your s i ster here with you.5. Our teacher i s very(str ict with, str ict i n) us.6. Don' t make so much (noise, noisy). Dad is sIeeping in the next room.7. After d i nner I can' t (relax, relaxing, re I axed) either.8. She Iikes( dressing, wear ing, putt ing on) sunglasses.9. The

45、re i s a new car(out, outs i de) the house.10. Speak IoudIy, pI ease! I can' t (hear, I i sten to) you c I ear I y.【课后强化练习】1 .仔细阅读对话，选择方框内的句子填空格，使对话意思连贯正确。A: there are many ruIes i n our schooI.B: You are we I come.C: Excuse me. Where are you fromD: Yes, you are r ight.E : Can we I isten to musici n the cI assroomF: No, thank you.G: Sorry, we can' t.A: 1B: I am from Canada. And my name is Alice.A: We I come. Well, 2 . Do you know themB: Oh, no. C