高中英语定语从句精华版教学案

1、定语从句易考易错点总结定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：思维导图1 考查如何正确选择关系词解题思路：找出从句，确定被修饰词，即先行词T将先行词代入定语从句，判断先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分：若作主语、宾语、表语、定语，则选择关系代词；若作状语则选关系副词。2 .考查whose的用法whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。指物时，whose+名词=名词+ofwhich=ofwhich+名词。如：Theclassroomwhosedoor/thedoorofwhich/ofwhi

2、chthedoorisbrokenisonthesecondfloor.3. 考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句尤其要重视which,as引导的非限制性定语从句和that,what引导的主语从句的区别。4 .考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如:I,whoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble.5 .考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句"介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which,不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如:Theteacherinf

3、rontofwhosehousestandsatalltreeisverypatientwithhisstudents.同时还要注意包含复杂介词或代词短语的定语从句与并列句的区别。女口：(1)Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(定语从句)(2)Heloveshisparentsdeeplyandbothofthemareverykindtohim.(并歹U句)此外，“介词+which+名词”结构也是一个较为特殊的结构。如:Hewasveryill,inwhichcase(=andinthiscase)wesenthimtoho

4、spitalfirst.6 .考查一些特殊的先行词(1) 当situation,point,position,case,activity,scene,job,race,stage,degree及period,festival,occasion(场合/时机)等出现时，要注意具体情况具体分析。这类词作主语、宾语或表语时，用关系代词that或which;作状语时，用关系副词where,when或“介词+which”。(2) theway做先行词，当它在从句中作方式状语时，其后的关系词用inwhich/that/省略;当它作主语/宾语时，其后的关系词用which/that。7 考查定语从句、强调句、时

5、间状语从句等的区别(1) ltwasthissmallvillagewherewegottoknoweachother.(定语从句)(2) ltwasinthissmallvillagethatwegottoknoweachother.(强调句)(3) Itwas1914whenthewarbrokeout.(时间状语从句)导入：.Sheisabeautifulgirl.Sheisagirlwhoisbeautiful.（一）定语从句定义1. 定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个或的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,2. 先行词:被修饰的名词或代词叫做

6、定语从句的先行词。3. 用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系代词的种类：关系代词,关系副词:,where,why4. 定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。1. Thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.2. InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.3. OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.（二）定语从句分类限定性定语从句：从句对先行词

7、进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连缺少它，则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句:对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。manwhogavemethisbookisTom.（）,whoisreadingabook,ismyclassmate（）（三）关系代词先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。先行词指代关系词定语从句在从句中做的成分人主语（说明是谁”）人宾语（说明是谁”）人定语（说明是谁的”）人/物主语/宾语物主语/宾语时间时间状语原因原因状语地点地点状语人物/事件/句子主语/宾语/表语1. wh

8、o指人，在定语从句中作语，口语中可做语；that也可指人，但多用who.ThemanissittingunderthetreeisaGerman.ThestudentsspeaksGermanbestcomesfromChina.Themanyouwanttoseeishere.2. Whom指，在句中做，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who.关系代词前有介词时不能省略。.Theman()youlookforhasleft.Iknowthegirl()theteacherisspeakingto.Iknowthegirltotheteacherisspeaking.3. wh

9、ose,作定语，可指人或物=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhichthe+n.Everyoneheplpsthechildparentsaredead.Theyarethelazystudentshomeworkwasn'thandedin.针对练习LK2011全国卷IplTheprizewillgotothewriterA.that2011四川卷)holidays.B.whichTheschoolshop,storyshowsthemostimagination.C.whoseD.whatcustomersaremainlystudents,isclosedfewtheA.whi

10、chB.whoseC.whenD.where3.10山东ThatsthenewmachineA.thatB.whichpartsaretoosmalltobeseen.C.whoseD.What4. 10陕西Theoldtempleroofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose5. 10北京Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that6. 10重庆Inchina,thenumbero

11、fcitiesisincreasingdevelopmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.that指或，多指物，作语（不能省略）或语（可省略）.Heisthefinestcomradehashelpedus.Thisisaplantgrowsinthenorth.5. which,指，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。.Thisisaplantgrowsinthenorth.常用that不用which的情况只能that用做关系代词的情况（共9种类型）。1. 当先行词是all,everything,anything,

12、nothing,much,little,none,one等不定代词时，只用thato歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。PayattentiontoeverythingIdo.2. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用thato歌诀助记：先行词前被限定，千万不要用which.Thisisthebestnovel（）haveread.3. 如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用thato歌诀助记：两项并列人与物，引导定从用that.Theyweretalkingaboutthepersonandthingstheyrememberedinschool.4.

13、 当先行词被theonly,thelast,thevery,thesame等等修饰时。ThisisthelasttimeIshallgiveyoualesson.5. 在疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句中，为了避免重复只用that。Whichofthestudentsknowssomethingabouthistory.6. 当先行词被All,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时，只用that。Hehaslittletimehecanspare.7. 当被修饰的成分是数词时，（被修饰成分是代名词one，指人时除外）只用that.I'vegotoneyoum

14、ightbeinterestedin.（3）用which，不用that的情况引导非限制性定语从句。.Football,isaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,personallyIdoubtverymuch.卡罗尔说这项工作将在十月前做，对此我个人表示怀疑。直接放在介词后作宾语时。Languageisthemostimportanttoolwithout语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。針对戟习!12011上海卷)1You

15、9;llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstationfamily.A.whichB.wherepeoplecan'tcommunicatewitheachother.youcanhiretoreachyourhostC.whenD.as2011山东卷）IlTheoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesarebuiltclosetoeachother.A.they2011福建卷)B.whereC.whatD.thatShehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudentscommunicatefr

16、eelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatallowsthemtoD.whoImetA.whoB.whereC.whenD.which4. 10湖南I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.wassomeoneelse'sfault.5. 10全国nIrefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingA.whoB.thatC.asD.what(四) 关系副词指时间=in/at/on/durin

17、g+which;(1) 在定语从句中作状语，先行词主要为一些时间名词(year,day,time,week等)但时间名词在从句中作主语，宾语时，应用that,which,不能用when.Hestillrememberthedayhejoinedthearmy.做主语I'llneverforgetthetime/.weworkedonthefarm.作状语Istillremembertheday/ishisbirthay.做主语Heregrettedthedays/hespentonplay.做宾语Herememberesthedayshespentmuchmoneyonstories.

18、(2) Itisthefirsttimethat句型中，that-是习惯用法，不用when。.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentotheGreatWall.指地点=in/at/from+which;(1)指前面的地点，在从句中作状语。.Iknowthefactory/Iworkedtwentyyearsago.（2）指地点，在句中作主语，宾语时不能用where，须用that/which.Thisisthehouse_/hehaslivedfor20years.Thisisthehousehehaslivedinfor20yearsThisistheshool/west

19、udyeveryyear.Thisistheshool/wevisitedyesterday.主：有时when,where相当-于介词+which.Helefttheroom/helivedlastyear.（3）当先行词为某个方面、情况、阶段、位置等的词时使用关系副词注意；抽象地点名词Stage,occasion,point,case,activity这类词做先行词如果缺状语where.Icanthinkofmanycasesdriversknowtrafficrulesbutdon'tfollowthem.Wehavereachedapointachangeisneeded.The

20、yhavereachedthepointtheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.Lifeislikealongracewecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.AwhichBthatC/Dwhere指原因=forwhich“thereasonwhy.th中，不能用because代替that.That'sthereason/hedidn'tcometoschool.Thereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeetingisthathewasill.但reason在从句中做宾语时，关系代词用tha

21、t/which,课省略.Idon'liebethereason/hegaveme.关系副词针对性练习L12011江苏卷）4Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval（间隔；幕间，休息时间；距离），theaudieneecanbuyice-cream.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which2011安徽卷）Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while乱2011浙江卷）Abank

22、istheplacetheylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there2011福建卷）1ItwasApril29,2001PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.A.thatB.whenC.sineeD.berore玉A2011陕西卷）；Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,weenjoyedasplendidvi

23、ewofthelake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that6.110福建StephenHawkingbelievesthatearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetlifehasdevelopedgradually.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose7. 10江西Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcenterwithhersistershewouldstayforanhour.AwhereBwhoCwhichDwhat8. 10天津CanyoubelieveIhadtopay3

24、0dollarsforahaircutYoushouldtrythebarber'sIgo.It'sonly15.A.asB.whichC.whereD.thatarebot9. 09上海Mozart'sbirthplaceandthehousehecomposedTheMagicFlutemuseumsnow。A.whereB.whenC.thereD.which10. 09四川She'llneverforgetherstaythereshefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.A.thatB.whichC.wh

25、ereD.when11. 09福建It'helpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where12.09浙江IhavereachedapointinmylifeIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.A.whichB.whereC.howD.why13.09重庆Lifeislikealongracewecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where14.09北

26、京Whatdoyouthinkofteacher,Bob1finditfunandchallenging.Itisajob_youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that（五）介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句当先行词在定于从句中作介词的宾语时，往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前，构成介词+关系代词(whom/which)"结构。但一些短语东西如lookafter等中的介词不能与动词分开，故不能放在关心代词之前。确定介词时：一是，依据定于从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配，二是，依据先行词的某种习惯搭配，三

27、是，根据所要表达的意思来确定，例如：介词+关系代词针对性练习1. 10山东Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergywemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich2. 09陕西GuncontrolisasubjectAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich3. 09江西ThehouseIgrewuphasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebui

28、lding.A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich4. 10浙江Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyoflefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A.whomB.whichC.themD.those5. 08福建Bynineo'clockalltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,appearedararerainbowsoon.whichwhichwhichwhich6.108四川Formanyci

29、tiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,NewYorkisanexample.whichwhichwhichwhich（六）非限定性定语从句1. 关系代词在非限定性定语从句中的用法。指人做主语用who,作宾语用whom，指地点用where，指时间when，指物只用which,不能用that，作定语用whose。.Hedidn'tseethefilm,whichwasveryinterestin不用that）（七）as引导的限制性定语从句Asuch.a和thesamea啲用法such.as像一样的，像之类；thesameas禾口.同样

30、的在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，such和same作定语，修饰主语里的某个名词（或代词），这个名词是由as引导的定语从句的先行词，as在从句中可担任主语、宾语或表语。Eg：Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.（在从句中作主语）Iseldomgivemystudentssuchadifficultproblemastheycannotworkout.（在从句中作宾语）Theresultisnotthesameastheyhadexpected.（在从句中作宾语）重点比较thesamea和thesamethatthesameas和：相同

31、（代指同类事物）；thesamethat和相同（代指同一事物）两者都引导定语从句。as从句中说明的名词与thesame修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。that从句中说明的名词与thesame修饰的名词是同一个。Eg：Heisreadingthesamebookthatyouboughtyesterday.Heisreadingthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.=ThisisthepenthatIlost.（指同一支笔）Thisisthesame（kind/type/sort）ofpenasIlost.（指同类型的

32、笔，但并不是我丢失的那一支）B.suchas的用法.suchas中的such为代词，意思是这样的人或物”，as在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词such。Eg：ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.HetoldmeofhisexperieneesuchasIhadneverhadbefore.Ihavenotmany,butIwillsendyousuchasIhave.相关链接：suchas还有诸如，例如，像那样的”的意思，此时后面跟名词或名词短语等。Eg：Theyboughtalotoffruit,suchasapples,oranges,etc.（八）as弓I导的非限制性定语从句

33、as可以像which一样引导非限制性定语从句，用来代表整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是不定式短语或整个句子。as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。此外，有些as引导的定语从句已成为固定用法，如：AsweknowAshasbeensaidbefore女口上所述AsisknowntoallAsisoftenthecase像通常那样AsisreportedAswasexpected正如预料的那样Eg：Sheisverycareful,asherworkshows.Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Asisoftenthecase,wehav

34、eworkedouttheproductionplan.重点比较as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的联系和区别as和which都可以代替整个句子，当定语从句置于主句之后时，as和which可以和互换。Eg：Hedidn'ttellmeanynews,as/whichupsetme.Which引导的从句，代表的前面的整个主句时，不能放在主句之前。而as引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时，可以放在主句之前或之后，有时也可以放在主语和谓语之间。Eg：Asisreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress

35、.=Talksbetweenthetwocountries,asisreportedinthenewspapers,aremakingprogress.As与that的区别As引导的定语从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的内容相似，即指同类事物；that引导定语从句表示的内容与主句相同，即为同一事物。.ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.这正是我昨天丢的钢笔。ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.这正像我昨天丢的钢笔。（九）.同位语从句与定语从句区别：1.同位语从句和定语从句结构相似，通常位于某一名词或代词之后，但两者存在明显区别：同为语从

36、句对名词性成分加以补充说明，是该名词性成分具体内容的体现（相当于名词的作用）oThat引导的同位语从句中引导词that不在该同位语从句中充当成分，但不能被省略，同位语从句还可以用whether,how等连词引导（定语从句则不能）。定语从句对先行词加以限制或修饰，说明先行词的性质或特征（相当于一个形容词的作用），定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当成分（that在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，充当定语从句的宾语，that可以省略）注意体会一下三组例句.（1）第一组 Wecan'tsolvetheproblemhowwecantravelfasterthanlight我们解

37、决不了如何才能超过光的速度这个问题。 lean'tremtemitheproblemthattheyhave.我记不得他们的问题了。（2）第二组 Iwon'tbelievethefactthatheliedtohismothe我不愿相信他对他母亲撒谎的事实 Iwon'tbelievethefact（that）hetoldme我不愿相信他告诉我的事实。（3）第三组 ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。 ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.他告

38、诉我的消息是汤姆来年将出国。例题：1. NewscamefromtheschoolofficeWangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.AwhichBwhatCthatDwhere2. TomorrowisTom'sbirthday.HaveyougotanyideahepartyistobeheldAwhatBwhichCthatDwhere3. ThereismuchchaneeBillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.AthatBwhichCuntilDif4. -sthereanypossibilityyoucouldpickmeupattheairport-Noproblem.AwhenBthatCwhet