高考英语语法基础考前快速复习-情态动词和虚拟语气

1、2012高考英语考前10天语法过一遍八、情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词I情态动词基本用法情态动词用法否定式疑问式简答式can能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）cannot/cannot/can'tdoCando？Yes,can.No,can't.couldcouldn'tdomay可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿（用于倒装句中）maynotdoMaydo？Yes,may.No,mustn't/can'tmightmightnotdoMightdo？Yes,mightNo,mightnot.mu

2、st必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）mustnot/mustn'dobustdo?to.Yes,must.No,needn't/don'thavehaveto只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态和人称的变化）don'thavetodoDohavetodo？Yes,do.No,don't.oughtto应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用should）oughtnotto/oughtn'ttodoOughttodo？Yes,ought.No,oughtn't.shall用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁

3、等shallnot/shan'tdShalldo？Yes,shall.No,shan't.should应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）shouldnot/shouldn'tdoShoulddo？will意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉willnot/won'tdotWill/Woulddo？Yes,will.No,won't.wouldwouldnot/wouldn'dodare敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）darenot/daren'tdDaredo？Yes,dare.No,daren't.need需

4、要，必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）neednot/needn'doheeddo？Yes,must.No,needn't.usedto过去常常（现在已不再）usednot/usedn't/usenUsedtodo？'Dtdusetodo？Yes,used.No,use(d)n't.tododidn'tusetodoYes,did.No,didn't.II情态动词的重点知识表示“能力、许可”的can和may表示能力的情态动词用can/couldAcomputerthinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.can

5、'tB.mustn'tC.maynotD.mightnot表示许可时用may/might,can/could者E可以，但在问句中用could或might？以使口气委婉客气，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口气明确（must表示一疋，必须，mustn表示禁止，不许可）。 一CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?Yes,youA.willB.couldC.mayD.might Johnny,youplaywiththeknife,youhurtyourself.A.won't/can'tB.mustn't/mayC.shouldn&

6、#39;t/mustD.can't/shddn't在冃疋句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特疋场合的能力，而要用was/wereableto。Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonegetout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto表示"推断、判断”的canmay,must在冃疋句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气取冃疋,may表示的是事头上的可能性。Petercomewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC

7、.canD.will而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性：Maryisinpoorhealth.Shecanbeillatanytimes.在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can'时用以代替mustn'，吾气比may更肯定。中文可以翻译为不可能。Michaelbeapoliceman,forhe'smuchtooshortA.needn'tB.can'tC.shouldD.may在疑问句只能用can，不能用may和must。Hemaybeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?Hemustbeverybusynow.Canhebeve

8、rybusynow?needneed作为情态动词只有一种形式，只用于否定句和疑问句。daredare作为情态动词用时有两种形式：dare和dared两个词形，除了可以用于否定句和疑-问句外，还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.Idon'tknowwhetherhedaresay.注意:Hedoesntdare(to)answerthequestion.(否疋句)Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom?(疑问句)shall用于第一人称：征求对方的意见。Whatshallwedothisevening?用于

9、第二、三人称：警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。Youshallfailifyoudon'twc警告harder.Heshallhavethebookwhen1finishreading.允诺Heshallbepunished.威胁should劝告、建议厂命令、应该做、道义上的责任。Youshould(oughtto)gotoclassrightaway.Ishould(oughtto)helphimbecauseheisintrouble.will/would请求、建议，would比will委婉客气。Wouldyoupassmethebook?表示意志、愿望和决心。Iwillneverdot

10、hatagain.Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagainwould可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。DuringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweekThewoundwouldnotheal.(伤口老是不能愈合)would表示估计或猜想。Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.Whatwouldshebedoingthere?情态动词+havedone的用法could+havedone:本可以做而实际上未能做。Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn'ttryyourbest.ca

11、nnot+havedo-ne：表示对现在或过去行为的否定推测。Hecannothavebeentothattown.can+主语+havedone:表示对过去仃为的怀疑或不肯定（用在疑问句中）。Canhehavegotthebook?might(may)+havedone:对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测。Hemaynothavefinishedthework.Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.must+havedone:对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannothavedone。Youmusthaveseenthef

12、ilm.Youcannothaveseenthefilm.needn't+iavedone:本来不必要做的而实际上又做了。Youneedn'thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.注意：didntneedto(haveto)do:没有必要做而实际上也没有做Ididn'tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.should(oughtto)+havedone:本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。Youshouldhavestartedearlier

13、,butyoudidn't.Sheshouldn'thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIworkedtouseit.注意：Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.(表推测)虚拟语气类别用法例句If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式(be用were)主句动词：should/would/could/might+doIfhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.与过去事实相反从句动词：had+done主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+doneIfIhadbeenfree,lw

14、ouldhavevisitedyou.与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+todor主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.省略if的虚拟条件句将虚拟条件从句中的were，had,should放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装 Shouldhecome,tellhimtoringmeup. WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoit. HadIbeenfree,lwouldhavevisitedyou.混合虚拟条件句不同时间的虚拟：各遵守各的规则 Ifheh

15、adlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow. Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow. IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.n虚拟与陈述的混合：各遵守各的规则 Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn'tcarefulenough. Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.含蓄虚拟条件句butfo叶名词表示虚拟条件句子或主句中的谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。这是考查-B

16、utforyourtimelywarning,weintogreattrouble.-Youknowwe'refriends.A.wouldgetB.musthavegotC.wouldhavegotD.can'havegotwithout+名词表示虚拟条件考生应变能力的最佳试题。Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold.动词不定式表示虚拟条件Itwouldbeonlypartlyrighttofollowinthisway.如果用这种方式，仅仅对了一半。现在分词表示

17、虚拟条件Havingknownintime,wemighthavepreventedtheaccident.要是及时得知的话，我们也许能阻止这场事故。过去分词表示虚拟条件Givenmoreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.如果多留心的话，这树本来可以长的更好。副词otherwise表示虚拟条件Iwastoobusyatthattime.Otherwise,Iwouldhavecalledyou.我当时太忙，否则我就给你打电话了。连词but连接的句子表示虚拟条件Hefatterbutheeatstoolittle.A.wouldbecomeB.would

18、havebecomeC.mustbecomeD.musthavebecome其它状语从句asif/asthough引导的状语从句中动词用did或had+done或would/could/might+do。注意：asif/asthough引导的状语从句中也可以用陈述语气：当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时：Itsoundsasifitisraining.听起来像是在下雨。Hetalksasifheisdrunk.从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。 与现在事实相反Hetalksasifheknewwhereshewas. 与过去事实相反HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeerntherebefore. 与将来事实相反Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.inorderthat/sothat引导的状语从