R语言GA遗传算法

1、GA包遗传算法最大化使用遗传算法的适应度函数。默认求最大值。用法：ga(type=c(binary,real-valued,permutation),fitness,.,min,max,nBits,population二gaControl(type)population,selection=gaControl(type)selection,crossover二gaControl(type)crossover,mutation=gaControl(type)mutation,popSize=50,pcrossover=0.8,pmutation=0.1,elitism=base:max(1,ro

2、und(popSize*0.05),maxiter=100,run=maxiter,maxfitness=Inf,names=NULL,suggestions=NULL,keepBest=FALSE,parallel=FALSE,monitor=gaMonitor,seed=NULL)参数说明 type:解得编码类型- binary:二进制编码- real-valued:实数浮点编码- permutation：问题涉及到重新排序的列表，字符串编码。可求解TSP问题 fitness:适应度函数 min:解得下界(多元变量为一个向量) max:解得上界(多元变量为一个向量) nBits：一个种群用

3、二进制编码的长度是多少(长度越大代表精度越高) population:初始种群 selection:选择 crossover:交叉 crossover:变异 popsize:种群大小 pcrossover:交叉概率(默认0.8) pmutation：变异概率(默认0.1) elitism:代沟(默认情况下,前5%个体将在每个迭代中保留) maxiter：最大迭代次数(默认100) maxfitness:适应度函数的上界,GA搜索后中断 keepBest:是否保留每一代的最优解 parallel：是否采用并行运算 monitor:绘图用的，监控遗传算法的运行状况 seed:一个整数值包含随机数发

4、生器的状态。这个参数可以用来复制GA搜索的结果。 通过gaControl设置默认的遗传算子。检索当前设置操作:gaControl(binary)gaControl(real-valued)gaControl(permutation)举例1.一元函数:|x|+cos(x)图像library(GA)#Loadingrequiredpackage:foreach#Loadingrequiredpackage:iterators#PackageGAversion2.2#Typecitation(GA)forcitingthisRpackageinpublications.f-function(x)ab

5、s(x)+cos(x)curve(f,-20,20)fitness-function(x)-f(x)#由于这个函数默认求解最大值，所以我们求的最大值GA-ga(type=real-valued,fitness=fitness,min=-20,max=20)GA#一个GA类型调用其属性腌符号#Anobjectofclassga#-20,max=20)maxiterpopulationfitnesssolution#Call:#ga(type=real-valued,fitness=fitness,min=#Availableslots:#1calltypemin#5nBitsnamespopSi

6、ze#9runmaxitersuggestions#13elitismpcrossoverpmutation#17summarybestSolfitnessValuesummary(GA)#+#|GeneticAlgorithm|#+#GAsettings:#Type=real-valued#Populationsize=50#Numberofgenerations=100#Elitism=2#Crossoverprobability=0.8#Mutationprobability=0.1#Searchdomain=#x1#Min-20#Max20#GAresults:#Iterations=

7、100#Fitnessfunctionvalue=-1.000193#Solution=#x1#1,0.0001927091plot(GA)#画出每代最佳的适应度函数值与每代的平均适应度函数值Illi0204060180I100Generationcurve(f,-20,20)abline(v=GAsolution,lty=3)Median1lgooOLvnfflAtntnE匚lLL2.一元函数:(X4+X)cos(X)跟踪f-funetion(x)(xA2+x)*cos(x)#TOx10curve(f,-10,10)x#编写自己的跟踪功能，点代表一个解monitor-function(obj

8、)curve(f,-10,10,main=paste(iteration=,objiter)points(objpopulation,objfitness,pch=20,col=2)rug(objpopulation,col=2)Syssleep(0.2)monito#Notrun:GA-ga(type=real-valued,fitness=f,min=-10,max=10,r=monitor)iteration=1Xiteration=2Xiteration=3Xiteration=4Xiteration=5Xiteration=6Xiteration=7Xiteration=8Xiter

9、ation=9Xiteration=10Xiteration=11iteration=12Xiteration=13Xiteration=14xiteration=15Xiteration=16xiteration=17Xiteration=18xiteration=19Xiteration=20xiteration=21Xiteration=22xiteration=23Xiteration=24xiteration=25Xiteration=26xiteration=27Xiteration=28xiteration=29Xiteration=30xiteration=31Xiterati

10、on=32xiteration=33Xiteration=34xiteration=35Xiteration=36xiteration=37Xiteration=38xiteration=39Xiteration=40xiteration=41Xiteration=42xiteration=43Xiteration=44xiteration=45Xiteration=46xiteration=47Xiteration=48xiteration=49Xiteration=50xiteration=51Xiteration=52xiteration=53Xiteration=54xiteratio

11、n=55Xiteration=56xiteration=57Xiteration=58xiteration=59Xiteration=60xiteration=61Xiteration=62xiteration=63Xiteration=64xiteration=65Xiteration=66xiteration=67Xiteration=68xiteration=69Xiteration=70xiteration=71Xiteration=72xiteration=73Xiteration=74xiteration=75Xiteration=76xiteration=77Xiteration

12、=78xiteration=79Xiteration=80xiteration=81Xiteration=82xiteration=83Xiteration=84xiteration=85Xiteration=86xiteration=87Xiteration=88xiteration=89Xiteration=90xiteration=91Xiteration=92xiteration=93Xiteration=94xiteration=95Xiteration=96xiteration=97Xiteration=98xsummary(GA)#+#|GeneticAlgorithm|#+#G

13、Asettings:#Type=real-valued#Populationsize=50#Numberofgenerations=100#Elitism=2#Crossoverprobability=0.8#Mutationprobability=0.1#Searchdomain=#x1#Min-10#Max10#GAresults:#Iterations=100#Fitnessfunctionvalue=47.70562#Solution=#x1#1,6.560576monitor(GA)abline(v=GAsolution,lty=3)Rastrigin-function(x1,x2)

14、20+x1A2+x2A2-10*(cos(2*pi*x1)+cos(2*pi*x2)x1-seq(-5.12,5.12,by=0.1)x2-seq(-5.12,5.12,by=0.l)f-outer(x1,x2,Rastrigin)persp3D(x1,x2,f,theta=50,phi=20)2-420ooo864o2xGA-ga(type=real-valued,fitness=function(x)-Rastrigin(x1,2),min=c(-5.12,-5.12),max=c(5.12,5.12),popSize=50,maxiter100)#Iter1#Iter2#Iter3#It

15、er4#Iter5#Iter6#Iter7#Iter8#Iter9#Iter10#Iter11#Iter12#Iter13#Iter14#Iter15#Iter16#Iter17#Iter18#Iter19#Iter20#Iter21#Iter22#Iter23#Iter24#Iter25#Iter26#Iter27#Iter28#Iter29#Iter30#Iter31#Iter32#Iter33#Iter34#Iter35#Iter36#Iter37#Iter38#Iter39#Iter40#Iter41#Iter42#Iter43#Iter44#Iter45MeanMeanMeanMea

16、nMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMean39.27992|Best=-10.4074231.0111|Best=-10.4074226.18011Best=-2.91429320.67291Best=-2.91429315.1307|Best=-2.65879919.99986|Best=-1.7217271

17、8.2604Best=-1.72172717.1881Best=-1.04802917.54574-14.164316.2831913.6596311.870157.83977111.134810.5660712.2144813.2479411.3487311.8221613.6860614.3082716.022315.6546311.672857.9149654.4819996.2481985.4831815.5809084.2274215.3003622.9817982.2627363.0290854.6045546.6314023.7474846.9932525.8874995.201

18、9844.7809124.5265626.1322987.34724Best-1.048029Best-1.048029Best-0.4797405Best-0.4797405Best=-0.1781359Best-0.1781359Best-0.1781359Best-0.1781359Best-0.1781359Best-0.1211027Best-0.1211027Best-0.1112675Best=-0.1112675Best-0.1112675Best-0.09198465Best-0.09198465Best-0.04204961Best-0.0003423884Best-0.0

19、003423884Best-0.0003423884Best-0.0003423884Best-0.0003423884Best-0.0003423884Best-0.0002433344Best-0.0002433344Best-0.0002433344Best-0.0002433344Best-0.0002433344Best-0.0002433344Best-0.0002433344Best-0.0002433344Best-0.0002433344Best-0.0002433344Best-0.0002433344Best=-1.048029Best=-1.048029|Best=-0

20、.0002433344#Iter46Mean-5.142651Best=-0.0002433344#Iter47Mean-4.627236Best=-0.0002433344#Iter48Mean-3.455913Best=-0.0002433344#Iter49Mean-5.630922Best=-0.0002433344#Iter50Mean-3.851845Best=-0.0002433344#Iter51Mean-2.834154Best=-0.0002433344#Iter52Mean-4.332291Best=-0.0001900013#Iter53Mean-6.833839Bes

21、t=-0.0001900013#Iter54Mean-7.181622Best=-0.0001900013#Iter55Mean-4.769373Best=-0.0001900013#Iter56Mean-3.684805Best=-0.0001900013#Iter57Mean-3.353003Best=-0.0001900013#Iter58Mean-4.455591Best=-0.0001900013#Iter59Mean-4.625651Best=-0.0001900013#Iter60Mean-4.464767Best=-0.0001437472#Iter61Mean-6.60411

22、8Best=-0.0001437472#Iter62Mean-3.275529Best=-0.0001437472#Iter63Mean-1.914675Best=-0.0001437472#Iter64Mean-2.418252Best=-0.0001437472#Iter65Mean-1.298085Best=-0.0001437472#Iter66Mean-2.243991Best=-0.0001437472#Iter67Mean-1.148524Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter68Mean-0.650877Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter69Mean-3.5

23、54919Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter70Mean-1.86329|Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter71Mean-1.896993Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter72Mean-3.957162Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter73Mean-3.655072Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter74Mean-3.664436Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter75Mean-4.751035Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter76Mean-3.658323Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter77Mean

24、-1.789493Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter78Mean-4.643992Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter79Mean-5.266699Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter80Mean-4.878061Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter81Mean-7.787437Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter82Mean-9.124848Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter83Mean-11.40333Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter84Mean-9.988992Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter85

25、Mean-8.851527Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter86Mean-7.240974Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter87Mean-7.269581Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter88Mean-6.899626Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter89Mean-5.597969Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter90Mean-4.74366|Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter91Mean-2.997341Best=-9.664828e-05#Iter92Mean-5.535812Best=-9.664828e-05#It

26、er93Mean-5.361464Best=-8.873609e-05#Iter94Mean-8.108462Best=-8.873609e-05#Iter95Mean-8.058939Best=-8.873609e-05#Iter=96#Iter=97#Iter=98#Iter=99#Iter=100Mean=-3.677557Mean=-6.304357Mean=-5.293325Mean=-6.088588|Mean=-5.860671Best=Best=Best=Best=|Best=8.873609e-058.873609e-056.569813e-066.569813e-06-6.

27、569813e-06summary(GA)#+#|GeneticAlgorithm|#+#GAsettings:#Type=real-valued#Populationsize=50#Numberofgenerations=100#Elitism=2#Crossoverprobability=0.8#Mutationprobability=0.1#Searchdomain#x1x2#Min-5.12-5.12#Max5.125.12#GAresults:#Iterations=100#Fitnessfunctionvalue=-6.569813e-06#Solution=#x1x2#1,-0.

28、0001763244-4.499996e-05plot(GA)0ovor0.entoASSfu匚lLL020406080100Generation4.对例3采用并行遗传算法，不知道为什么进行并行运算老师出错，附上代码20+X12+X22-10(cos(2兀X1)+cos(2nX2)Rastrigin-function(x1,x2)20+x1A2+x2A2-10*(cos(2*pi*x1)+cos(2*pi*x2)systemtime(GA1-ga(type=real-valued,fitness=function(x)-Rastrigin(x1,x2),min=c(-5.12,-5.12),m

29、ax=c(5.12,5.12),popSize=50,maxiter=100,monitor=FALSE,seed=12345)#usersystemelapsed#0.150.000.16GA1fitness#最后一代的种群适应度值#1-2.225098e-04-9.550619e-02-4.538940e-01-2.723767e+00-1.128641e+01#6-3.855740e-01-6.463223e-03-1.297195e-01-1.518032e-01-6.268278e+00#11-7.217925e-02-6.039854e-02-1.906179e+01-7.1196

30、03e-02-1.550847e+01#16-1.642796e+01-7.030944e-02-3.891715e-02-1.934336e+01-1.966749e-01#21-3.962517e+01-6.423513e-04-1.855974e-02-1.751280e+00-4.427695e+00#26-1.712183e-01-2.023108e+01-2.154413e-05-7.804141e+00-2.980788e-01#31-4.597700e-02-2.096966e-02-6.463223e-03-9.039056e-03-4.899872e-01#36-6.285

31、863e+00-7.376722e-06-8.060323e+00-2.271313e+00-4.822281e-02#41-1.750354e+00-7.342478e-02-1.040912e-01-2.121289e+00-2.728822e+01#46-5.028242e-01-1.446651e+01-1.968160e-01-7.295192e-02-1.062578e+01GA1fitnessValue#最佳适应度值#1-7.376722e-06GA1solution#最佳解#x1x2#1,-0.00013937520.0001332557# system.time(GA2-ga

32、(type=real-valued,fitness=function(x)# -Rastrigin(x1,x2),min=c(-5.12,-5.12),max=c(5.12,5.12),# popSize=50,maxiter=100,monitor=FALSE,seed=12345,parallel# TRUE)5类型permutation的用法，解决TSP问题library(xlsx)city=readxlsx(city.xlsx,1,header=F)#各个城市坐标city#展示数据#X1X2#113042312#236391315#341772244#437121399#5348815

33、35#633261556#732381229#841961004#94312790#104386570#1130071970#1225621756#1327881491#1423811676#151332695#1637151678#1739182179#1840612370#1937802212#2036762578#2140292838#2242632931#2334291908#2435072367#2533942643#2634393201#2729353240#2831403550#2925452357#3027782826#3123702975n=dim(city)1#多少个城市j

34、uli=dist(city)m_juli=as.matrix(juli)#距离矩阵bb=0f-function(x)for(iin1:n)if(i=n)bb=bb+m_julixi,x1elsebb=bb+m_julixi,xi+1-return(bb)systemtime(GA3-ga(type=permutation,fitness=function(x)-f(x),min=1,max=31,popSize=100,maxiter=200,monitor=FALSE)#usersystemelapsed#3.120.003.12as.numeric(GA3solution)#路线图#198

35、2416561123191731822212024252628273029#2431115141213710GA3fitnessValue#最优路线的长度，注意我们求的是于(x)的最大值#1-15483.39=19,*图形对比library(ggplot2)c=ascharacter(rownames(city)citys=cbind(city,c)#names(citys)#1X1X2cp=ggplot(data=citys,aes(x=X1,y=X2)+geom_point(shapesize=4,col=red)+theme_bw()size=pp=p+geom_text(data=ci

36、tys,aes(x=X1,y=X2,label=c),4,vjust=1.5)ppp=pp+geom_path(linetype=2)+ggtitle(初始顺序)library(dplyr)jie=data.frame(最优解=as.factor(GA3solution)jie#最优解#最优解#19#28#32#44#516#65#76#811#923#1019#1117#123#1318#1422#1521#1620#1724#1825#1926#2028#2127#2230#2329#2431#251#2615#2714#2812#2913#307#3110citys#X1X2c#1130423121#2363913152#3417722443#4371213994#53488153