英汉互译之文学名篇翻译赏析

1、1文学翻译赏析一、雄健阳刚类艰难的国运与雄健的国民李大钊历史的道路， 不会是坦平的，有时走到艰难险阻的境界。这是全靠雄健的精神才 能够冲过去的。一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河， 有时流到很宽阔的境界 ，平原无际， 一泻万里。 有 是流到很逼狭的境界，两岸丛山迭岭， 绝壁断崖，江河流于其间，回环曲折， 极其 险峻。 民族生命的进展，其经历亦复如是。人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方， 有时是坦荡平 原， 有时是崎岖险路。老于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高兴兴地向前走，走 到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。中华民族现在所逢的史路，是一段崎

2、岖险阻的道路。在这一段道路上， 实在亦有 一种奇绝壮绝的景致，使我们经过此段道路的人， 感得一种壮美的趣味。但这种壮美 的趣味，是非有雄健的精神的人不能够感觉到的。我们的扬子江，黄河，可以代表我们的民族精神。扬子江及黄河遇见沙漠，遇见山 峡都是浩浩荡荡的往前流过去，以成其浊流滚滚，一泻万里的魄势。目前的艰难境界， 那能阻抑我们民族生命的曲调，在这悲壮歌声中，走过这崎岖险阻的道路。要知在艰难 的国运中建造国家，亦是人生最有趣味的事。The Bad Luck of China and the Strong Will of the ChineseLi DazhaoThe progress of hi

3、story sometimes comes into a territory full of hardships and hindrances, and only bymeans of strong will can it run through the territory.Sometimes in an extensive and open terrain with boundless plains, a huge and mighty river flowsvigorously down thousands of miles. Sometimes it runs in an imposin

4、g and narrow terrain with ranges of highmountains, crags and cliffs. It zigzags its way down through them, which is drastically hazardous andprecipitous. The progress of a nation undergoes the same experience.The life of human race in history is just like a journey. The places the travelers have tra

5、versed are openand flat here, but craggy and risky there. Walking on a flat and level road, an experienced traveler certainly feelsdelighted. However, walking in a rugged and rough terrain, one can enjoy more wits and humor. Walking insuch an area of wonderful and magnificent scenes, one can savor m

6、ore tastes of adventure.The road of history taken today by the Chinese nation is one full of twists and turns. But in this section ofthe road, there is an extremely fabulous and magnificent view which makes those of us who are going and havegone through it feel glorious and hallowed. It is a feel on

7、ly those strongly-determined people are capable ofenjoying.The Yangtze River and Yellow River stand well for our national spirit. They run into deserts andmountains, and mightily they run. They develop into huge muddy streams and vigorously theydash and roar down thousands of miles. The current cris

8、is can never stop our nation from advancing forward.Strongly determined, we should sing a march and, accompanied by this touching and tragic song.2白杨礼赞矛盾那就是白杨树，西北极普通的一种树，然而实在不是平凡的一种树。那是力争上游的一种树，笔直的干，笔直的枝。它的干呢，通常是丈把高，像是加 过人工似的，一丈以内，绝无旁枝；它所有的丫枝呢，一律向上，而且紧紧靠拢。也像 是加过人工似的，成为一束，绝无横斜逸出；它的宽大的叶子也是片片向上，几乎没有 斜生

9、的，更不用说倒垂了；它的皮，光滑而有银色的晕圈，役微泛出淡青色。这是虽在 北方的风雪的压迫下却保持着倔虽挺立的一种树!哪怕只有碗来粗细罢，它却努力向上发 展，高到丈许，二丈，参天耸立，不折不挠，对抗着西北风。这就是白杨树，西北极普通的一种树，然而决不是平凡的树当你在积雪初融 的高原上走过，看见平坦的大地上傲然挺立这么一株或一排白杨树，难道你觉得它只是 树?难道你就不想到它的朴质，严肃，坚强不屈，至少也象征了北方的农民；难道你竟 一点也不联想到，在敌后的广大土地上，到处有坚强不屈，就像这白杨树一样傲然挺立 的守卫他们家乡的哨兵， 难道你又不更远一点想到这样枝枝叶叶靠紧团结， 力求上进的 白杨树，

10、宛然象征了今天在华北平原纵横激荡，用血写出新中国历史的那种精神和意志。白杨不是平凡的树，它在西北极苦遍，不被人重视，就跟北方农民相似，它有极强 的生命力，磨折不了，压迫不倒，也跟北方的农民相似。我赞美白杨树，就因为它不但 象征了北方的农民，尤其象征了今天我们民族解放斗争中所不可缺的朴质，坚强，以及 力求上进的精神。Tribute to the White PoplarBy Mao DunThey are white poplars. Though very common in Northwest China, they are no ordinary trees!With straight t

11、runks and branches, white poplars aim high. Their trunks are usually over ten feet tall and,as if wrought by human effort, utterly bare of branches below ten feet. Their twigs, also like things artificiallyshaped, all reach out towards the sky and grow close together in a cluster without any sideway

12、 growth. Theirleaves are broad and point upwards with very few slanting sideways, much less upside down. Their glossybarks are a faint light green with hazy silver spots. They stand erect and unbending in faceof North Chinasviolent wind and snow. Though they may be only as big as the mouth of a bowl

13、, they strive to grow upwards untilthey reach the towering height of some twenty feet and stand indomitable against the northwest wind.They are white poplars. Though very common in Northwest China, they are no ordinary trees! You maycall them unattractive because they have neither the graceful carri

14、age of a dancer, nor such branches as cantwine and climb. But nevertheless they are big and tall, honest and upright, simple and plain, earnest andunyielding - and not without gentleness and warmth though. They are giants among trees! When you trudgethrough the melting snow of the highland and see o

15、ne or a row of white poplars standing proudly on the vastplains, how could you look upon them as nothing but mere trees? How could you forget that with all theirsimplicity, earnestness and unyieldingness, they are symbolic of our peasants in the North? How could you failto associate them with our da

16、untless soldiers guarding our homeland all over the vast rear? How could you failto see that these trees, ever striving to put out their closely knit branches and leaves in an upward direction, aresymbolic of the spirit and will of our men who, fighting heroically all over the northern plains, are w

17、riting thehistory of New China with their own blood?White poplars are no ordinary trees. But these common trees in Northwest China are as much ignored asour peasants in the North. However, like our peasants in the North, they are bursting with vitality and capable ofsurviving any hardship or oppress

18、ion. I pay tribute to them becausethey symbolize our peasants in the Northand, in particular, the spirit of honesty, tenacity and forging ahead -a spirit cen tral to our struggle for n ati on al3liberati on.The reactionary diehards, who despise and snub the common people, can do whatever they like t

19、oeulogize the elite nan-mu (which is also tall, straight and good-looking ) and look down upon the common,fast-growing white poplar. I, for my part, will be loud in my praise of the latter!二、婉约细腻类学校吴晴我怎能忘记那美丽的校园呢？ 那儿处处是碧绿的芳草， 绿草中铺着洁白的、笔直的石路。 路两旁种的那些树分明是一品红， 然而原该为大红色的排列为环状的叶，却变为柔媚的粉红，还有着淡绿 色的边儿。 我常在这

20、条长长的石径上散步。走着走着， 来到一座宽阔的台子上，站 在这里可以看到迷人的晚霞与夕阳，偶然也能看到冒着农烟呜呜南去的列车。 转身往 回走， 不远便会来到实验室和图书馆。这儿宽大的落地窗软帘垂地，窗外的木棉树上 开着耀眼的红花。再往前走便是查餐厅了，那儿有一株美丽的树，开着雪一样白的花 儿。 那花儿开的轻柔而又婀娜，一朵朵地连成一片， 从远处看去，美得象新嫁娘雪 白的头纱。 后来我才知道这就是我在书上读到那么多次的曼陀罗。The CollegeHow can I ever forget the beautiful campus ?The grounds were covered with d

21、ark green grass through which stretched a straight white stone path. Oboth sides of the path were planted what I believed to be poinsettias. Now the flowers were surrounded bypinkish leaves instead of bright red ones as they should have been. Trimmed with light green edges, the leavelooked delicate

22、and charming. Along the long path I often took a stroll which would take me to a wide terrace,where I could watch the enchanting glow of sunset, and occasionally catch the sight of a train puffing andhooting on its way southward.On my way back I would pass by the laboratory and library building whos

23、e large French windows had softcurtains let fall to the floor. Just outside the windows kapok flowers glowed red in full bloom. A short way offstood the dining hall, where I found a tree bearing snow-white blossoms so graceful and soft to the touch.Viewed together from the distance, they were as bea

24、utiful as a bridal veil. Later, I learned that it was a tree cadatura which I had so often read about in books.故都的秋郁达夫秋天，无论在什么地方的秋天，总是好的；可是啊，北国的秋，却特别地来得清， 来得静，来得悲凉。我的不远千里，要从杭州赶上青岛，更要从青岛赶上北平来的理由， 也不过想饱尝一尝这“秋”，这故都的秋味。4江南，秋当然也是有的；但草木凋得慢，空气来得润，天的颜色显得淡，并且又时 常多雨而少风；一个人夹在苏州上海杭州，或厦门香港广州的市民中间，浑浑沌沌地过 去，只能感到一点

25、点清凉，秋的味，秋的色，秋的意境与姿态，总看不饱，尝不透，赏 玩不到十足。秋并不是名花，也并不是美酒，那一种半开、半醉的状态，在领略秋的过 程上，是不合适的。北国的槐树，也是一种能使人联想起秋来的点缀。像花而又不是花的那一种落蕊， 早晨起来，会铺得满地。脚踏上去，声音也没有，气味也没有，只能感出一点点极微细 极柔软的触觉。扫街的在树影下一阵扫后，灰土上留下来的一条条扫帚的丝纹，看起来 既觉得细腻，又觉得清闲，潜意识下并且还觉得有点儿落寞，古人所说的梧桐一叶而天 下知秋的遥想，大约也就在这些深沉的地方。秋蝉的衰弱的残声，更是北国的特产；因为北平处处全长着树，屋子又低，所以无 论在什么地方，都听得

26、见它们的啼唱。在南方是非要上郊外或山上去才听得到。这秋蝉 的嘶叫，在北平可和蟋蟀耗子一样，简直像是家家户户都养在家里的家虫。还有秋雨哩，北方的秋雨，也似乎比南方的下得奇，下得有味，下得更像样。Autumn in PeipingBy Yu DafuAutumn, whereverit is, always has somethingto recommenditself. In North China, however,it isparticularly, limpid, serene and melancholy. To enjoy its atmosphere to the full in t

27、he one time capital, I have,therefore, made light of traveling a long distance from Hangzhou to Qingdao, and thence to Peiping.There is of course autumn in the South too, but over there plants wither slowly, the air is moist, the skypallid, and it is more often rainy than windy. While muddling along

28、 all by myself among the urban dwellers ofSuzhou, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Xiamen, Hong Kong or Guangzhou, I feel nothing but a little chill in the air,without ever relishing to my hearts content the flavor, color, mood and style of the season. Unlike famousflowers which are most attractive when half ope

29、ning or good wine which is most tempting when one is half drunk,autumn, however, is best appreciated in its entirety.Locust trees in the North, as a decorative embellishment of nature, also associate us with autumn. Ongetting up early in the morning, you will find the ground strewn all over with flo

30、wer- like pistils fallen from locusttrees. Quiet and smelless, they feel tiny and soft underfoot. After a street cleaner has done the sweepin underthe shade of the trees, you will discover countless lines left by his broom in the dust, which look so fine and quietthat somehow a feeling of forlornnes

31、s will begin to creep upon you. The same depth of implication is found inthe ancient saying that a single fallen leaf frowmuttohnegtree is more than enough to inform the world ofautumns presence.The sporadic feeble chirping of cicadas is especially characteristic of autumn in the North. Due to theab

32、undance of trees and the low altitude of dwellings in Peiping, cicadas are audible in every nook and crannythe city. In the South, however, one cannot hear them unless in suburbs or hills. Because of their ubiquitous snoise, these insects in Peiping seem to be living off every household like cricket

33、s or mice.As for autumn rains in the North, they also seem to differ from those in the South, being more appealingmore temperate.海上冰心5八月十七日的下午，约克逊号邮船无数的窗眼里，飞出五色飘扬的纸带，远远的抛 到岸上，任凭送别的人牵住的时候，我的心是如何的飞扬而凄恻。痴绝的无数的送别者，在最远的江岸，仅仅牵着这终于断绝的纸条儿，放这庞然大 物，载着最重的离愁，飘然西去!船上生活，是如何的清新而活泼。除了三餐外，只是随意游戏散步，海上的头三日， 我竟完全回到小孩子的

34、境地中去了，套圈子，抛沙袋，乐此不疲，过后又绝然不玩了。 后来自己回想很奇怪，无他，害唤起了我童年的回忆，海波声中，童心和游伴都跳跃到 我脑中来。我十分恨这次舟中没有几个小孩子，使我童心来复的三天中，有无猜畅好的 游戏!我自少住在海滨，却没有看见过海平如镜这次出了吴凇口，一天的航程，一望无 际尽是粼粼的微波。凉风习习，舟如在冰上行。到过了高丽界，海水竟似湖光。蓝极绿 极，凝成一片。斜阳的金光，长蛇般白天边直接到阑旁人立处。上自苍穹，下至船前的 水，自浅红至于深翠，构成几十色，一层层，一片片的漾开了来。小朋友，恨我不 能画，文字竟是世界上最无用的东西，写不出这空灵的妙景！On the SeaOn

35、 the afternoon of August 17th, multicolor paper streamers flew out of the many scuttles of the oceanliner Yorkson and landed on the retreating shore, nonchalantly leaving those who came to see their relatives orfriends off to catch hold of their ends. At the moment, how full I felt of both delight a

36、nd sorrow!Those sentimental individuals, standing in large numbers on the increasingly distant shore, could onlyhold on to the paper streamers until they would eventually break, reluctantly letting the iron mammoth sailwestward, loaded down as it was with the heavy grief of parting!Daily life on the

37、 ship was refreshing and active. Outside of the three meals, all my time was spent playinggames and taking walks on the decks as I pleased. For the first three days, I seemed to have totally reverted tomy childhood. I tossed rings and small beanbags,never tiring of playing these games. Then three da

38、ys later, Icut all connection with such pastimes. As I recalled it all later, I felt very strange though there was nothing moreto it than this: The sea had unmoored my childhood memories, and midst the sound of the surging waves, asense of childlike innocence and my young playmates flooded my mind.

39、My only regret was that there were onlya few children on board, so that my three days of returned childhood did not hold really wonderful childrensgames.I have lived near the sea ever since I was a child, but never once had I seen such a sea, as smooth andcomposed as a mirror. On the voyages first d

40、ay, once we were out of the Wusong estuary, a boundless sea oflimpid wavelets stretched out before us. The breeze was cool; the ship slid forward as if on ice. As we sailedpast Korean waters, the sea unexpectedly imparted the ambience of a lake, with its incredibly intense blue andgreen waters. The

41、golden glowing rays of the setting sun, like long snakes, radiated directly from the horizon onthe people standing behind the railings. From the firmament to the waters in front of our ship, a panoply of huesfrom light pinks to deep greens each rippled, layer upon layer, patch by patch. .My little f

42、riends, I hated myselfthen for being unable to paint. The language of words at such a moment is the most uselessthing in this world,unable to present to you such ethereal beauty!三、朴实无华类父亲鲁彦6“父亲已经上了六十岁了，还想作一点事业，积一点钱，给我造起屋子来。”一个 朋友从北方来，告诉了我这样的话。他的话使我想起了我的父亲。我的父亲正是和他的父亲完全一样的。 我的父亲曾经为我苦了一生，把我养大，送我进学校，为我

43、造了屋子，买了几亩田 地。六十岁那一年，还到汉口去做生意，怕人家嫌他年老，只说五十几岁，大家都劝他 不要再出门，他偏背着包裹走了。“让我再帮儿子几年！”他只是这样说。后来屋子被火烧掉了，他还想再做生意，把屋子重造起来。我安慰他说、三年以后 我自己就可积起钱来造屋了，还是等一等吧。他答应了。他给我留下了许多造屋用的材 料，告诉我这样可以做什么那样可以做什么。他死的以前不久，还对我说：“早一点造起来吧，我可以给你监工。” 但是他终于没有看见屋子重造起来就死了。他弥留的时候对我说，一切都满足了。但是我知道他倘能再活几年，我把屋子造起来，是他所最心愿的。我听到他弥留时的呻 吟和叹息，我相信那不是病的痛

44、苦的呻吟和叹息。我知道他还想再活几年，帮我造起屋 子来。现在我自己已是几个孩子的父亲了。我爱孩子，但我没有前一辈父亲的想法，帮孩 子一直帮到老，帮到死还不足。我赞美前一辈父亲的美德，而自己却不能跟着他们的步 伐走去。我觉得我的孩子累我，使我受到极大的束缚。我没有对他们的永久的计划，甚至连 最短促的也没有。“倘使有人要，我愿意把他们送给人家！”我常常这样说，当我厌烦孩子的时候。唉，和前一辈做父亲的一比，我觉得我们这一辈生命力薄弱得可怜，我们二三十岁 的人比不上六七十岁的前辈，他们虽然老的老死的死了，但是他们才是真正话看到现在 到将来。而我们呢，虽然活着。却是早已死了。FatherLu YanFa

45、ther is now over sixty, but he still wants to work to save up for a house to be built for me, a friend ofmine from north China told me.That put me in mind of my father. My father was very much like his father.Father went through untold hardships for me all his life. He brought me up, sent me to scho

46、ol, had ahouse built for me and bought me a few mu of land. He went to Hankou to engage in trade the year when hewas already sixty. And he tried to make out that he was still in his fifties lest people should reject him as too oldto be of much use. We had all tried to dissuade him from going out to

47、Hankou, but he wouldnt listen and lefthome carrying the luggage on his back.“Let me toil a few more years for my sons sake!”That was what he said.It happened afterwards that the house was burned down. And he wanted to go back to his business inorder to have the house rebuilt. I tried to console him,

48、 saying that there was no need for him to do it because inthree yearstime I myself would have laid by enough money for a new hou He agreed. Then he gave me a lotof building materials and told me what to do with them. Shortly before his death, he urged me,“Youbdetter get started right away so that I

49、can watch to see that everything is done properly.”Unfortunately he didnt live long enough to see the new house. He told me on his deathbed that he hadnothing to feel sorry about. But I knew he would be much happier if he could live a few more years just to see thenew house put up. When I heard his

50、dying groans and sighs, I believed they were caused not by physical pain,but by regret for not being able to live a few more years to help me with the new house.Now I myself am a father of several children. Though I love my kids, still I do not share the idea of fatherand people of his time that one

51、 can never do too much in his life time to help his children. Much as I admirefather and people of his time for their moral excellence, I can never follow in their footsteps.I think of my children as an encumbrance to me. I havent work-etedrmoupt lanlofnogr7them, not even a short-term one.“Ilikde to

52、 give away my kids to anyone whoswilling to take them!”Thatws hat I say whenever I amfed up with them.Alas, compared with father and people of his time, the present generation, I think, have regrettably lowvitality. We in our twenties or thirties prove inferior to our elders in their sixties or seve

53、nties. Today they may beadvanced in years or even no more, but they will, nevertheless, forever and ever.As for us, though still alive, we have long been dead.不要抛弃学问胡适诸位毕业同学：你们现在要离开学校了，我没有什么礼物送你们，只好送你们一句 话罢。这一句话是：“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部份是为了这张毕业文凭， 不得已而做的，从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁现在年富力强的时 候，努力做一种专门学问。少年是一

54、去不复返的，等到精力衰时，要做学问也来不及了。 即为吃饭计，学问决不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问，三年五年之后，你们都要被后来 少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了。有人说：“出去做事之后，生活问题急需解决，哪有工夫去读书？即使要做学问， 既没有图书馆，又没有实验室，哪能做学问？”我要对你们说：凡是要等到有了图书馆方才读书的，有了图书馆也不肯读书。凡是 要等到有了实验室方才做研究的，有了实验室也不肯做研究。你有了决心要研究一个问 题，自然会节衣缩食去买书，自然会想出法子来设置仪器。至于时间，更不成问题。达尔文一生多病，不能多作工，每天只能做一点钟的工作。 你们看他的成绩！每天花一

55、点钟看10页有用的书，每年可看3600多页书，30年可读11万页书。诸位，11万页书可以使你成一个学者了。可是，每天看三种小报也得费你一点钟的 工夫，四圈麻将也得费你一点半钟的光阴。看小报呢？还是打麻将呢？还是努力做一个 学者呢？全靠你们自己的选择！易卜生说：“你的最大责任是把你这块材料铸造成器。”学问便是铸器的工具。抛 弃了学问便是毁了你们自己。再会了！你们的母校眼睁睁地要看你们十年之后成什么器。Never Give Up the Pursuit of LearningHu ShiDear Students of the Graduating Class:As you are leaving

56、 your alma mater, I have nothing to offer you as a gift except a word of advice.My advice is,“Never give up the puorfslueiat rning.”You have perhaps finished your collegecourses mostly for obtaining the diploma, that is, out of sheer necessity. However, from now on you are free tofollow your personal bent in the choice of studies. While you are in the prime of life, why no