英本0903班英语教学中文化导入的重要性张丹花

1、安阳师范学院人文管理学院本科毕业论文 学号：09110200 The Importance of Introducing Cultural Background in English Teaching英语教学中文化导入的重要性系 别 外语系 专 业 英语 班 级 0903 姓 名 张丹花 指 导 教 师 董桂霞 2013年5月8日The Importance of Introducing Cultural Background in English Teachingby Supervisedby Humanistic Management College of Anyang Normal Un

2、iversityMay 2013摘 要 由于文化和语言之间的关系密不可分，所以在英语教学中，我们应重视英语国家文化和背景知识的教育，这篇论文着重阐述了在教学中讲解和渗透西方文化知识的重要性，具体内容和个人的一些方法。文化教学是英语教学中极为重要的一环。教师要充分考虑文化因素，将语言教学与培养学生的跨文化交际能力相结合。在语言教学最常见的词汇和语篇教学的过程中，尤其应当进行积极的文化导入。外语教学中的跨文化知识导入，应基于文化的特性，除了传统的文化导入途径外，还可从谚语、格言、价值观等对语言的影响，思维方式对语言的影响，以及本土文化知识等几个方面进行。 关键词：文化；语言；英语教学；文化差异；文

3、化导入 Abstract Because of the inseparable relationship between culture and language, so in English teaching, we should pay more attention to education of English national culture and background knowledge. This thesis focuses on the importance of explanation and the infiltration of western culture and

4、knowledge in teaching, some methods of the specific content and people. Culture teaching is a very important part in English teaching。The teachers should fully consider the culture factors and make the language teaching with students' intercultural communicative competence in combination. In the

5、 process of vocabulary and discourse teaching is the most common of language teaching, especially culture introduction .In foreign language teaching intercultural knowledge introduction, should be based on the characteristics of culture, in addition to the traditional approach to cultural introducti

6、on and also from the influence of proverbs, maxims, values on the language , the influence of the way of thinking on language, as well as several native cultural knowledge etc.Key Words: culture; language; English teaching,;cultural difference Contents摘 要IAbstractII1. Introduction12. The Relationshi

7、p Between Culture and Language12.1 Language is a Special Cultural Phenomenon12.2 Language is the Most Important Carrier of Culture12.3 The Development of Cultural Introduction23. Importance of Cultural Background in Language Teaching23.1 Necessity of Cultural Background in Oral English23.2 Necessity

8、 of Cultural Background in Aural Comprehension33.3 Necessity of Cultural Background in Reading43.4 Necessity of Cultural Background in Writing and Translation63.4.1 In Writing63.4.2 In Translation64. How to Carry out The Teaching of Cultural Background84.1 Selecting Proper Teaching Materials84.2 Enc

9、ourage Students Communicate with Native Speakers94.3 Create a Culture of Dialogue Context104.3.1 Role Play114.3.2 Change the Text into a Dialogue114.3.3 Single or Multiple Choices115. Conclusion12Bibliography14Acknowledgements151. IntroductionNowadays, the introduction of cultural knowledge has been

10、 generally recognized in the English teaching in China, but there are many issues need to be thought deeply. Firstly, the understanding of the relationship between culture and foreign language teaching should be researched the widely and deeply. Secondly, there are many arguments of the content and

11、the way of cultural existence . I think, long time differences will not conducive to the development of English teaching. So I briefly talk about the importance of cultural introduction in English teaching and learning.2. The Relationship Between Culture and Language As everyone knows, language and

12、culture are inseparable. Language is the main carrier of culture, while culture is reflected in language. Any language is a cultural elements, but also to create a culture of tools. Language serves as and reflects the cultural need. Therefore, language learning is inherited cultural learning, langua

13、ge teaching and culture teaching closely. In 1964, American linguist Lado points out: "if do not have a cultural background is very good, not good learning the language."2.1 Language is a Special Cultural Phenomenon It is a product of prehistoric times, is the human unconscious Creation -

14、not entirely equivalent to cultural creativity. It does not belong to the subjective world, also do not belong to the objective world, nature has between two person. It is the carrier of culture, but also is the reflection of culture, is the era, super, super political ideas.2.2 Language is the Most

15、 Important Carrier of Culture It is the most important carrier, is relative to the other carrier. To the people of other carriers can only show a part of culture, or even a corner of culture; language then comprehensively stocked with overall information culture. Language if you want to transcend ti

16、me and space, requires the help text. From the view of phenomena, seems to be the most important text serves as carrier, however, from the perspective of linguistics, language is the symbol to record language, load function words, is depend on its "special relationship" with the language.2

17、.3 The Development of Cultural IntroductionEarly in 1983 in china Mr. Xu Guozhang gave a speech titled The Cultural Connotation of words and English teaching. In the speech he points out that the foreign language teaching field starts to show its attention on the relationship between culture and for

18、eign language .In the late 1980s, Byram observed that culture represents“hidden”curriculum in second and foreign language teaching。He points out that introducing the culture of its speakers is necessary in English teaching, because language invariably refers to their knowledge and perceptions in for

19、eign countries, the importance of cultural introduction in English teaching has been widely recognized。3. Importance of Cultural Background in Language Teaching3.1 Necessity of Cultural Background in Oral EnglishLanguage and culture are inextricably intertwined. If one wants to communicate with fore

20、igners with proper language, he must learn about the languages culture in order to avoid misunderstanding.Because of different cultural background, there usually are some misunderstandings between two people whose native languages are different when they are talking, although their languages are exa

21、ct. Language is part of culture. A language not only expresses facts, ideas or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the peoples attitudes, beliefs, world outlooks etc. Language played a major role in socializing the people and in perpetuating of culture, es

22、pecially in print form. Learning a language, not only phonetics, grammar, phrases and idioms should be mastered, but also how the people who speak this language value the world must be understoodthat is culture. So we can say language teaching is in essence culture teaching.There are two words cowbo

23、y and hippies in English but we cannot find the Chinese words which have the same meaning. Because cowboy is related to American history and the legend of cowboy is romantic. If we translate it into mu tong or niu zai, some romantic thing may be lost. And that hippie is translated into xi pi shi als

24、o cannot express the characters of American youths at that time. Different groups, who have different languages, have different world views which are reflected in their languages. The aim of learning language is to communicate. And in communication, besides using exact language, we should also pay a

25、ttention to the situation, the relation between the two communications and knowledge about social culture. So we must use the appropriate language in communication. It is clear that pragmatic error sometimes is more serious than grammar error. Therefore, appropriate language is very important and if

26、 you want to use it, you must know about culture, for example, a Chinese use the word lover to introduce his wife, which surprised foreigners, because lover in English has the same meaning with qing fu in Chinese. While 爱人 should be translated into husband or wife. 3.2 Necessity of Cultural Backgrou

27、nd in Aural Comprehension Once an American was visiting the home of a Chinese, as the visitor saw the hosts wife, he said,“ Your wife is very beautiful.” The host smiled and said: “Where ? Where? ”which caused the Americans surprise, but still he answered: “ Eyes , hair, nose”an answer that the host

28、 found a bit puzzling. The surprising was caused by different cultures. “Where? Where?” meaning “哪里！ 哪里！”in Chinese is a kind of humble saying. But the American understood it as “Which parts of the body are beautiful?” So, the reason for both sides misunderstandings was differences in customs and ha

29、bits. Each was expressing and understanding what the other said according to his or her culture. Events like these are fairly common when people of different languages and cultures communicate. Because of cultural differences, misunderstandings may arise, although the language used in communication

30、may be faultless. The same words or expressions may not mean the same thing to different peoples. Because of cultural differences, a serious question may cause amusement or laughter；a harmless statement may cause displeasure or anger. Because of cultural differences, jokes by a foreign speaker maybe

31、 received with blank faces and stony silence. Yet the same stories in the speakers own country would leave audiences holding their sides with laughter.3.3 Necessity of Cultural Background in ReadingInfluence factors of reading comprehension activities are varied and complex, which includes not only

32、the cultural background and the differences in reading material the author itself, and also including the reader's own cultural background and differences. So in order to achieve the ideal reading comprehension, fully aware of the influence of cultural differences on reading should be in the tea

33、ching of reading. The goal of culture teaching is not simply to teach cultural knowledge, but fundamentally improve reading 'intercultural communicative competence, the most fundamental way is to guide the reader understand the target language countries in the way people perceive the world, the

34、main aspects of intercultural communication involves from the macroscopic to strengthen, strengthen cultural influence, establish cultural cognitive schema. Cultural cognitive schema macro includes the people to the target country's values, thinking and reasoning mode and communication protocol.

35、 Different values of the different ways of thinking, it will cause the communication specification, encoding and decoding methods, lexical, syntactic, discourse structure and other aspects of the different. Two kinds of Chinese and Western different values and thinking mode constructs mode communica

36、tion style and different speech acts. Long-term since, the cultural factors in the human habit become a fixed knowledge structure, as the Chinese foreign language learners, only consciously acquisition, to accumulate, form a certain culture, can be in the use of language from consciousness to uncons

37、ciousness, handle very skillfully, thus forming a specific mode of thinking in the brain compared with the native language, cognitive schema, with cultural knowledge and system, build the culture of the target language cognitive schema, and fluency, appropriateness, the appropriate use of language a

38、nd understand language. In the macroscopic background knowledge of language and culture teaching, should also improve the microscopic understanding of culture teaching, cultural connotation and strengthen cultural heritage. In the target culture learning, on the other hand, according to the cultural

39、 connotation of linguistic theory and communication theory of communicative words, sentences and passages for microscopic analysis, to improve the cultural similarities and differences to the rational height, let the students have a panoramic view of the impression of the culture of the target langu

40、age, familiar with all kinds of cultural differences, from the culture of the target language perspective and understanding of things, the accurate judgment to the communicative discourse, this cultural cognitive ability is culture teaching goal, cultural phenomenon that surface into the cultural st

41、ructure of deep and cognitive schema, so as to guide the cultural behavior of concrete. Reading English articles requires a certain language basis, but the competence of reading comprehension is not entirely related to ones language level. Knowledge of cultural background is also important. Reading

42、is a process affected by integration of ones language knowledge, cultural background knowledge and other professional knowledge, and a process of continuous guesses and corrections according to available language material, cultural background and logical reasoning. Generally speaking, Chinese people

43、 study Chinese without the difficulties aroused by cultural background. Chinese proverbs like “只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯”, “平时不烧香,临时抱佛脚”, “差之毫厘,失之千里” will not influence our understanding of article. The connotation of such new words as “改革开放” “大腕” “追星族” are easily understood, too. However, when we read English

44、articles, differences between Chinese and western cultures often bring us many difficulties. There are some examples to understand the colors by different cultures. So we can also see the importance of background knowledge in reading comprehension。Pink is a variation of red, can be regarded as a kin

45、d of red or should revert. In Chinese culture, also known as peach pink color. Coming back in the Tang Dynasty poet wrote "人面桃花相映红" of the poem, compared to peach and women, investigate its cause, is the women themselves are decorated with pink and the application of rouge, his face white

46、and red, can be compared with the beautiful peach blossom. Pink can be a symbol of women, such as Bai Juyi's "song of Everlasting Sorrow"（长恨歌） in: "enchanting smiles, six palace powder woman no color（回眸一笑百媚生，一骑红尘妃子笑）", the young man is called the beloved female "confidan

47、te（红颜知己）".That improper sexual relations between men and women as the "peach events（桃色事件）".In western culture, the symbol of pink is essence and acme。Such as, （1）the pink of perfection means perfect thing or person .（2）the pink of politeness means Very refined and courteous; it a symb

48、ol of high society. For example,（1）pink lady refers to high-style cocktails （2）pink tea means the upper social activities,（3）a pink-collar worker means High levels of female secretary.3.4 Necessity of Cultural Background in Writing and Translation3.4.1 In Writing Learning a language must understand

49、the culture in English writing. In recent years, the overall English level and examination results of domestic students has been significantly improved, but the English writing ability and level basically is in stagnation and hover .Investigate its reason, besides the English language knowledge they

50、 do not know, understanding the target language cultural background are also important causes. English writing is not only a communicative behavior in different languages and cultures, but also the transformation behavior of a cultural pattern. Interference in this conversion process must be influen

51、ced by the mother tongue. Chinese students writing is usually used in native mode of thinking to write in English, so that not only will not achieve the desired results, but will form the negative transfer of culture, the misunderstanding. Different nations culture is different, and the ways of thin

52、king are also varied. If Chinese students can take corresponding cultural background knowledge in English learning process, transform thinking mode, direct to think English in English, then in the future writing that language output can avoid cultural misunderstanding.3.4.2 In Translation In 1984, M

53、r. Wang Zuoliang put forward the problem of “Cultural awareness” in his Translation and Cultural Comparison. He argued that translator who wants to master two languages, but do not understand the language of the social culture, he is also unable to truly master the language. That is to say that, do

54、realize the sense of the culture can do translation. Differences in Chinese and English Writing Styles We have already mentioned the relationship between culture and language in the above. Such as “afterlife”, some English-Chinese dictionary give the explanation for“来世”. There is a big difference be

55、tween“来世”and“afterlife”。According to the definition of English Dictionary，afterlife means an existence after death. Or we can say the soul of life after death. As in the English novel Wuthering Heights , soul of actor Smith Cliff after the death , out in the wilderness with his lovers. However, in C

56、hina, people believe in Buddhism do not believe in eternal soul. The afterlife refers to another life after death, and such as Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai become butterflies after death . Necessity of Knowing these DifferencesWe have pointed that culture is a tool of communication, to help people c

57、ommunicate thoughts and feelings, cultural knowledge, promote the sacred mission on social civilization. In a sense, the language transformation is only the surface of translation, and the transmission of cultural information is the essence of translation. The primary purpose of translators do trans

58、lation is to introduce foreign culture, exotic, and truly convey the exotic to the target language readers, so that they truly understand the world. So in English teaching, input the local culture and foreign culture are equal important. Here are some examples to improve our points. “He is very young to settle,” was Mr. Woodhouses observation. “He had better not be in a hurry.”(J.Austen:Emma,Ch.3,V.II) In Chinese“伍德豪斯先生的见解与众不同，埃尔顿先生算要早婚，其实用不着这样急急