航英语听力与会话备课笔记

1、+9*集美大学备课笔记航海学院船艺教研室航英语听力与会话MaritimeEnglishforListeningandConversation对本课程总体的说明教学目的本课程为航海技术海洋船舶驾驶专业的主干课程。本课程是船舶驾驶专业学生必修的专业英语课程，为学生进行海船船员航海英语听力与评估打下基础，同时也是学生毕业后能在外派船舶上工作而进行的语言技能准备。教学要求通过本课程的学习和相关听、说学习，要求学生达到：能用英语熟练地传达并应答车令、舵令、靠离泊令、锚泊令及与代理联系靠泊等业务；基本上能使用英语与引水员、海关、移民局及港口国检查人员进行沟通；能较好地进行船舶遇险、救助、申请免除检疫的VH

2、F对话；掌握船舶公共用语，能用英语表达进出港业务和装卸作业；熟悉船舶航行、消防救生和船上结构设备等英语术语，并能用英语部署应急演习。本课程是航海技术专业的课，也是该专业学生参加评估的课程之一。与其他课程相比，本课程具有以下明显特点：1授课过程侧重于专业词汇的解释，学生利用课程所配的光盘不断练习听力能力，根据所听到的内容来选择答案。2课程中所需要听明白的句子本身并不复杂，所要选择的项目也较简单，但如果没有听清楚，则答案将无法正确选择，因此本课程在授课过程中将有大部分时间分配给学生，自主练习听力，教师针对学生的个别问题作单独的辅导、讲解。3口述和问答部分涉及到航海技术的各专业课程，针对学生部分专业

3、课尚未学习的具体情况及学生用英语来回答问题存在的障碍，宜采用：作业范例讲解/作业讲评反复练习的授课方式。4阅读部分的授课采用：教师领读-学生课后练习的方法。5考试采用口试，试题由计算机从海事局题库中随机抽取，教师根据学生回答情况：语义表达准/正确程度发音-语速等综合评定成绩。第一章公共用语首次讲授航海英语听力与会话（本科学生课程名称为航海英语会话）时，首先向学生讲明本课程的特点和授课方法，并介绍听力系统的使用方法。听力系统采用海事局统一标准，利用教材所配的光盘，在统一讲解后，让学生尝试进入系统，对个别理解能力较差的学生，采用个别辅导。利用听力系统进行练习时，要求学生不但能进行系统进行练习，而且

4、要求学生能正确选择所要练习的内容，并特别注意所练听力内容的显示方式（1）初次使用可选择：题干、问题和选项均显示；（2）第二轮采用考试要求，对于“单句”和“对话”-只显示选项，不显示题干和问题；对于“短文”-显示选项和问题，不显示题干；对于“口述”只显示题干，不显示选项和问题；对于“问答”-要求题干、问题和选项全不显示。本章教学内容第一节日常用语第二节接待PSCO、验船师、物料商和船东代表等用语第三节船东面试用语第四节船上常用词汇基本要求：掌握日常用语和船上常用词汇本章重点：熟练运用接待PSCO、验船师、物料商和船东代表等用语本章难点：自由流利地使用船东面试用语教学要求：了解“1”；熟悉“2”；

5、重点掌握“3”；难点“4”。第1章第一部分：词汇虽然本部分不属于海事局的考试评估内容，但鉴于这是学生首次接触航海方面的英语课程教学，学生对航海类专业词汇掌握较少，因此本次课程对词汇部分进行详细讲解，并要求学生在课后背诵。索引词汇含义索引词汇含义1/1Autopilot自动舵1/3Bilge污水沟，船腹1/7Thruster侧推器1/7Bulbousbow球鼻首1/8Clovehitch丁香结1/8Doublesheetbend双索花1/8Figureofeight8字结1/8Bowline单套结1/10Bunk铺位（舱）1/11Saloon大厅1/11Mess-room餐厅1/14bollar

6、d（较大的）缆桩1/16Depthsound测深仪1/18Forecastle台首楼1/18Goaground搁浅1/22Firstaidkit急救箱1/22Breathingapparatus呼吸器1/22extinguisher灭火器1/26CO2Carbondioxide二氧化碳1/31Compassrepeater罗经复示器1/31Handflare手持焰火1/31EPIRB应急无线电示位标1/31SART搜救雷达应答器1/33Enginecontrolroom机控室1/33helm操舵轮1/35telescope望远镜1/35sextant六分仪1/35chronometer天文钟1

7、/36Flashinglight闪光灯1/36Fixedlight长明灯1/36isophaselight等间歇灯1/36Leadinglights导标灯1/17Groupoccultinglight组合间歇灯1/17Singleoccultinglieht单组间歇灯1/40RO/ROship滚装船1/44Bulkcarrier散装船1/46Capstan绞缆机1/46Windlass锚机、绞缆机1/47shackle卸扣，节（锚链长）1/49poop尾楼1/52Immersionsuit防水服1/55Musterstation应急集合地1/55Embarkationstation救生集合地1

8、/61Line-throwingapplianee抛绳器1/61Portableradio便携式无线电1/62Radiotransponde雷达应答器1/73Sprinklersystem洒水系统第1章第二部分单句本部分为考试内容之一，培养学生的听力能力，根据题干含义，选择一个最佳答案。授课中应加强学生的主动性，利用所配光盘进行练习。本部分应重点掌握下列专业词汇：索引词汇含义索引词汇含义1superintendent管理者12rating低级船员14steward管事第1章第三部分对话本部分为考试内容之一，培养学生的听力能力，授课中应加强学生的主动性，利用所配光盘进行练习。本部分为一组较简单的

9、对话，并附一个问题，根据题干含义，选择一个最佳答案。本部分应重点掌握下列专业词汇：索引词汇含义索引词汇含义2Seaman'book海员证2passport护照26souvenir纪念品42visa签证42immigration移民局第1章第四部分短文本部分为考试内容之一，培养学生的听力能力，授课中应加强学生的主动性，利用所配光盘进行练习。本部分为一组较长的对话或者是一篇介绍性的短文，短文中的句子或主要观点大部分已经在前面“单句”或“对话”中出现，每一短文附四个问题，根据题干含义，选择一个最佳答案。第1章第五、六部分口述题和问答题本部分为考试内容之一，重点培养学生回答问题的能力，要求学生

10、在课后先以作业的形式完成一个草稿，再根据学生的作业情况进行点评，选择其中较好的作为范文，并要求学生背诵。第1章口述题和问答题参考答案一、口述题1. Pleasesaysomethingaboutyourhometown.a) Thegeographicalposition,population,andfeaturesofyourhometown.b) Theenvironmentandcustomsofyourhometown.c) Thespecialtiesofyourhometown.MyhometownisinJIANGSU(江苏),thesouthofCHANGJIANG(长江)ri

11、verofChina.Thepopulationinmyhometownisabout500,000.Therearemanyriversinmyhometown.Theenvironmentofmyhometownisverybeautiful.Thepeopleofmyhometownarekind-hearted.E.g.sometimestheywillinviteanewfriendtotheirhometohavedinnerwiththeirfamilies.Theremanyspecialtiesinmyhometown,forexample,thesilkfromSuzhou

12、,BiluochunTea,andsoon.2. Pleasesaysomethingaboutyourself.a) Yourname,age,rank,workingexperiences,hobbies.b) Yourdailywork.c) Yoursparetimeactivities.Mynameis，Iamyearsold.IcomefromFJ(福建)provinceofChina.NowIamaseniorstudentinXiamenJimeiUniversity.Myhobbiesareplayingcardsandlisteningmusic.BecauseIamast

13、udent,somymaintaskisstudy.Inmyspare,Iplaycardsandlistenmusic,sometimesIplayfootballorbasketball.3. Pleasesaysomethingaboutyourfamily.a) Membersofyourfamily.b) Theiroccupations.C)Theirhobbiesandcharacteristics.Therearethreemembersinmyfamily,theyaremyparentsandI.Myfatherisaworker，mymotherisateacherand

14、Iamastudent.Myfatherlikestoplaycardsandmymotherlikestolistenmusic.Bothofmyparentsarekindly.4. Yourfavoriteportyouhavecalledat.a) Asimpleintroductionoftheport.c) Reasonswhyyoulikeit.d) Anythingspecialaboutit.MyfavoriteportIhavecalledatisShanghai.ShanghaiportisthelargestportinourcountryandShanghaiisab

15、eautifulcity.TheNangJingroadiswidely,therearemanyshops.Ifyoucalltheport,Ithink,youwillgotoOutShore(上海外滩).AttheOutShore,youcanlooktheWangPUriverandvisitWangPupark.5. Pleasesaysomethingaboutyourresponsibilitiesonboard.a) Yourpositiononboard.b) yourdailyworkonboard.c) Yourdutiesonboard.Iamthethirdoffic

16、erworkinginthedeckdepartment.Asweknow,thethirdofficerisresponsibletothemasterfortheproperperformanceofhisassignedbridgewatch-standingandnavigationalduties.Onboard,myfirstdailyworkiswatch-keepingfrom8to12andfrom20to24.myseconddailyworkisinchargeofthemaintanceofthefire-fightingequipmentandlife-savinge

17、quipment.Thethird,Iamalsoresponsibleforfireandboatdrills,Ihavetodesignamusterlistandmakecrewtoknowthebestescaperouteclearly.1. what'syourdateofbirth?Mydateofbirthison6th,August,1987.2. what'syourseaman'sbooknumber?Myseaman'sbooknumberis123456789.3. whereareyoufrom?IcomefromChina.4. W

18、hat'syourcaptain'snationality.Ourcaptain'snationalityisChina.5. Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantthingonboard?Ithinkthemostimportantthingonboardissafety.6. Whichportsdoyouoftencallat?WeoftencallatXiamenport.7. WhatisyourfavoriteTVprogram?MyfavoriteTVprogramissport'snew.8. whatisyourfa

19、voritewebsite?MyfavoriteWebsiteisYahoo.9. whatisyourfavoritedayoftheweek?Why?Myfavoritedayoftheweekistoday,becausetodayismybirthday.10. whatisyourfavoritekindofmovie?Myfavoritekindofmovieislovingstory.11. whatisyourfavoritekindofmusic?Myfavoritekindofmusicispopularmusic.12. whatisyourfavoritemagazin

20、e?MyfavoritemagazineisReader.13. Whatisthepopulationofyourhometown?Thepopulationofmyhometownis123456.14. whatisthepopulationofyourcountry?Thepopulationofmycountryis123456789.15. whatisthebestthingaboutyourhometown?Thebestthingaboutmyhometownistheclearrivers.16. Whatistheworstthingaboutyourhometown?T

21、heworstthingaboutmyhometownisthebadweather.17. What'syourhometownlike?Myhometownisverybeautiful.18. Doyouhavemanydisastersinyoucountrywhicharecausedbyweather?No,thereisalittledisasterinmycountry.19. WhatsportsdoyouliketowatchonTV?IliketowatchbasketballonTV.20. Whatdoyouthinkisthemostpopularsport

22、intheworld?Ithinkthefootballisthemostpopularsportintheworld.第2章进出港业务本章教学内容：第一节证书管理第二节海关业务第三节移民业务第四节卫检业务第五节代理业务基本要求：证书管理和物料加载用语本章重点：如何掌握海关业务和移民业务用语本章难点：理解并能和卫检人员和物料供应商进行业务对话本章不属于考试大纲内容，要求学生自学，针对英语能力较强，瞬息万变学本部分内容时所遇到的问题个别讲解。索引词汇含义索引词汇含义11Inoculate/inject/vaccinate接种12epidemic流行病12plague瘟疫13fumigate熏舱1

23、4Hydrocyanic氰氢的9mandatory强制的20pratique入港许可23tally吻合26flammable易燃的11Foul/crossed（锚链）缠绕17fairlead导缆器/lead20Heaveline撇缆24dolphin系船墩30stamp盖章38Foreigncurrency外汇46signature签名47Charterer/ship-owner/localagent/deliveryagent租船者/船东/船代/货代48Brokenspace亏舱49relpenish补充第2章口述题和问答题参考答案Chartertwo1. Saysomethingabout

24、howtoapplyforradiopratique.a) Yourship'particularsandvoyagebriefs.b) Crewmembers'healthcondition,cargoinformationandship'sanitaryconditionatpresent.c) Somecertificatesrelatingtoquarantineinspection.Myship'nameisUntope.MycallsignisABCD.Thelengthofmyshipis123meters,thebreadthis23meters

25、andmydraftis9meters.ThisvoyagewewillShanghai.Thereare23crewmembersandonpassengersonboard.TheyareallChineseandingoodhealth.Inthiswehaveloaded12345drybulkcargoes.Thesanitaryofourshipisingoodcondition.Thequarantineofficerwillaskinoculationcertificate,maritimedeclarationofhealth,derattingcertificateands

26、oon.2. Describetherequirementsonship'seaworthinessintermsofcertificatesandpaperswhichneedtobecarriedonboard.a) Listmajorcertificatesonboardanddescribetheirparticulars.b) Categorizethosecertificates(classcertificates,statutorycertificates).c) Themanagementofthosecertificates.(1)CargoShipSafetyCon

27、structionCertificate.Thiscertificateshowsthattheconditionofthestructure,machinery,andequipmentwassatisfactoryandtheshipcompliedwiththerelevantrequirementsoftheConvention.(2)CargoShipsafetyradioCertificate.Thiscertificateshowstheshiphavecompliedwiththerequirementsofradioinstallations.(3)MinimumSafety

28、ManningCertificate.Thisistocertifythattheshipwillbeconsideredtobesafetymannedprovidedthatshehasnotlessthannumbersandgradesofpersonnelshowninthiscertificate.(4)InternationalTonnageCertificate.Thisshowstheship'maindimensions,thegrosstonnageandnettonnage.(5)InternationalLoadLineCertificate.Thisshow

29、sthefreeboardshavebeenassignedandloadlinesshownabovehavebeenmarkedinwiththeConvention.3. Describetheshipboardcustomsformalities.a) Themaindutiesofthecustomsofficers.b) Preparationsbeforecustomsofficers.c) Yourexperiencesyouhaveeverhadwithcustomsofficers.Themaindutiesofthecustomsofficersaretocheckall

30、matersonboard,cargoes,wineorspirits,cigarettesandnoticethattheport'srules.Beforethecustomsofficersonboard,thecaptainshouldpreparethefollowingdocuments:thecaptain'sdeclaration;theimportcargomanifest,crewlist,storesandprovisionslist,lastportclearanceandsoon.Ihavealittleexperienceswithcustomsof

31、ficers,whentheycomeonboard,allcrewmembersshallstayonboard,eachcrewmembercanleaveabout1bottleofwineand10packetsofcigarettesforconsumption.Theothersmustbesealedinthebondedstore.4. Describetheshipboardimmigrationformalities.a) Themaindutiesoftheimmigrationofficers.b) Preparationsbeforeimmigrationoffice

32、rs.c) Yourexperiencesyouhaveeverhadwithimmigrationofficers.Themaindutiesoftheimmigrationofficersaretocheckthepersonsonboard.Theywanttoknowhowmanycrewmembersandpassengersareonboard.Theyalsowanttoknowwheretheshipcomefromandwhenshewillleave.Togothroughimmigrationformalities,thecaptainshouldpreparecrewl

33、istsandpassengerslists.Thecaptainshouldmusterallhandssothattheofficerscancheckup.Inmyexperiences,whentheimmigrationofficerscomeonboard,wehavebeenmusteredinthesaloonexpectthosecrewonduty.Theycheckusonebyone,thentheyissuelandingpermitsforus.Onthebackofthelandingpermits,themostimportantharborregulation

34、sareprinted.Theyalsotellustogotheregulationsbeforewegoshoreandtoobservetherules.5. Describetheshipboardquarantineformalities.a) Themaindutiesofthequarantineofficers.b) Preparationsbeforequarantineofficers.c) Yourexperiencesyouhaveeverhadwithquarantineofficers.Themaindutiesofthequarantineofficersaret

35、ocheckifthereareanyepidemiconboard.Theywillaskwhereisouroriginalport,whenweleavehomeport,whatisourlastportofcall.Thequarantineofficerswillalsoaskinoculationcertificate,maritimedeclarationofhealth,derattingcertificateandsoon.Beforethequarantineofficerscomeonboard,thecaptainshouldprepareship'spart

36、icularsandcertificates.Thecrewmembersshouldkeepshipcleanandnet.Inmyexperiences,whenthequarantineofficerscomeonboard,theywillaskforcrew'svaccinationcertificates,ifthereareanyepidemiconboard.1. What'sthevalidityoftheCargoShipsafetyEquipmentCertificate?Fiveyears.2. Whatflagshouldbehoistedwhenav

37、esselrequiresquarantineinspection?Qlittleflagshouldbehoisted.3. Canashipenteraforeignportbeforequarantineinspection?Noitcan't.4. WhymustthecustomsofficerssealtheBondedstore?Inordertoavoidsmuggle.5. Pleaselist5ship'scertificates?(1)CargoShipSafetyConstructionCertificate.(2)CargoShipsafetyradi

38、oCertificate.(3)MinimumSafetyManningCertificate.(4)InternationalTonnageCertificate.(5)InternationalLoadLineCertificate.(6)CargoShipSafetyEquipmentCertificate.(7)InternationalOilPollutionPreventionCertificate.(8)deratingCertificateandsoon.6. Arecigarettesandliquorexemptedfromcustomsduties?No,theyaren

39、ot.7. Howcanthecaptaindowiththeshorepassesbeforeleavingaport?Togoclearanceformalities.8. Whichcertificateprescribesgeneralrequirementsforthefunctionsofradiotelegraphyinstallationforlifeboatonboard?TheSafetyRadioCertificate9. Whichcertificatespecifiesthefreeboardassignment?InternationalLoadLineCertif

40、icate.10. Whichdocumentdemonstratesashipbeinginafitandefficientconditionandclassed?CargoShipSafetyConstructionCertificate.11. Ifyourshipneedsprovisionsand/orreplenishment,howdoyougetthem?Tosentalistofprovisionsandreplenishmentweneedtoouragent,hewillbuythem.12. Whatdocumentsshouldyoushowwhenyougothro

41、ughthecustomsformalities?Storesandprovisionslist13. Whoissuestheshorepassestothecrewmemberswishingtogoashore?Theimmigrationofficer.14.1516第3章靠离与锚泊业务本章教学内容第一节呼叫第二节驾驶台作业第三节船首作业第四节船尾作业第五节引航员接送第六节进出船闸第七节进出船坞第八节锚泊班值守基本要求：运用标准的SMCP进行呼叫本章重点：熟练掌握驾驶台作业用语、引航员接送用语及锚泊班值守用语本章难点：怎样运用船首作业、船尾作业、进出船闸及进出船坞用语第3章第一部分单句

42、本部分为考试内容之一，培养学生的听力能力，根据题干含义，选择一个最佳答案。授课中应加强学生的主动性，利用所配光盘进行练习。本部分应重点掌握下列专业词汇：索引词汇含义索引词汇含义3Forecastle首楼3Look-out了望5Letgo抛锚6Walkout/back送锚/收锚6Hawsepipe锚链筒9Dredge拖锚9drag走锚10Attheintervalof以时间间隔11Clearofthebottom离底，aweigh11Foul/crossed（锚链）缠绕17fairlead导缆器/lead20Heaveline撇缆24dolphin系船墩30Leeside/backwind下风舷

43、33安装与引水梯全用的舷内梯子42searchlight探照灯/projector42Iantern灯笼43suspend阻碍第3章第二部分对话本部分为考试内容之一，培养学生的听力能力，授课中应加强学生的主动性，利用所配光盘进行练习。本部分为一组较简单的对话，并附一个问题，根据题干含义，选择一个最佳答案。本部分应重点掌握下列专业词汇：索引词汇含义索引词汇含义1Diesel/turbine柴油机/透平机5generator发电机6Controllable/variableorfixedpitchpropeller:CPP/FPP:可变或固定螺距螺旋桨10Propulsion推进10plot（雷达

44、）标绘12Turningcircle旋回圈12manoeuvrability操纵性能12stability稳定性，稳性13Advaneedistanee进距13Transferdistanee横距15Blindsectors盲区17Steeringsystem操舵系统18draft吃水18Trimbyhead/stern首倾/尾倾19Onevenkeel平吃水19Deadweight载重量24wharf码头26windlass锚机26anchorage锚地30Tensionwinch自动绞缆机31underway在航31Getalongside靠码头34spreader支杆，撑架38ETD预计

45、离港时间48ETA预计到达时间52Keepclearof远离52salvage救助第3章第三部分短文本部分为考试内容之一，培养学生的听力能力，授课中应加强学生的主动性，利用所配光盘进行练习。本部分为一组较长的对话或者是一篇介绍性的短文，短文中的句子或主要观点大部分已经在前面“单句”或“对话”中出现，每一短文附四个问题，根据题干含义，选择一个最佳答案。第3章第四、五部分口述题和问答题本部分为考试内容之一，重点培养学生回答问题的能力，要求学生在课后先以作业的形式完成一个草稿，再根据学生的作业情况进行点评，选择其中较好的作为范文，并要求学生背诵。第3章口述题和问答题参考答案Charter31. De

46、scribetheresponsibilitiesasawatchofficerwhiletheshipisatanchor?a) Regularoperationsforanchorwatch.b) Emergencyhandingincaseofdragging.c) Conclusion.Asanofficeronwatchatanchor,heshouldchecktheanchorpositionregularly;heshouldkeepproperlook-outtoo.Incase,ifthewatchofficerfindstheshipisdragginganckor,he

47、mustdropanotheranchororslackawaychainsandnotifythecaptainassoonaspossible.Whentheshipisatanchor,theofficeronwatchshouldkeepsharplookoutatalltime.2. DescribetheproperwayofusingVHFa) HowtooperateVHF?b) GeneralrulesofusingVHF.c) RulesofusingVHFchannel16.WhenyouoperateVHF,youshouldcomplywiththeradioregu

48、lations.Ifyouwanttospeak,youshouldpushthebutton,andifyouwanttolisten,youshouldreleasethebutton.ThegeneralrulesofusingVHFareasfollows:(1)callingonchannel16forthepurposeotherthandistressurgencyandverybriefsafetycommunication;(2)communicationnotrelatedtosafetyandnavigationonportoperationchannelsandnon-

49、essentialtransmissionswillneverbeenpermittedtobroadcastedonchannel16;(3)theimportantmessagesshouldberepeated;(4)thefirst3shouldbelisteningeveryhalfanhour.3. Describetheproceduresbeforearrivalataport.a) Thepreparationsfromthebridge.b) Thepreparationsfromtheengineroom.c) Thepreparationsfromthedeck.Att

50、hebridge,theOOWshouldturnontheradarandnotifythecaptain.Thequartermastershouldchangetheautopilottomanualpilotundertheofficer'scommand.TocommunicatewiththeportbyVHFandreporttheship'sETA,ifneeds,requireapilot.Theengineroomshouldstandbythemainengineunderthebridgeorder,checkthebridgetelegraphandr

51、udderindicatorwiththebridge.Thedeckhandsshouldpreparepilotladder,openthehatchcovers,standbyanchorandforeandaft.4. Describetheproceduresbeforeleavingaport.a) Thepreparationsfromthebridge.b) Thepreparationsfromtheengineroom.c) Thepreparationsfromthedeck.Atthebridge,theOOWshouldturnontheradar,openthedo

52、orsandwindowsandnotifythecaptain.Thequartermastershouldturnthesteeringgearandsetitonmanualpilotundertheofficer'scommand.TocommunicatewiththeportbyVHFandreporttheship'sETD,ifneeds,requireapilot.Testthewhistleandthemainengine.Theengineroomshouldstandbythemainengineunderthebridgeorder,checktheb

53、ridgetelegraph,clockandrudderindicatorwiththebridge.Thedeckhandsshouldpreparepilotladder,closethehatchcovers,standbyanchorandstationonforeandaft.5. Describetheproceduresofpilot-age.a) Thepreparationsfromthebridge.b) Thepreparationsfromtheengineroom.c) Thepreparationsfromthedeck.Atthebridge,theOOWsho

54、uldturnontheradarandnotifythecaptain.Thequartermastershouldchangetheautopilottomanualpilotundertheofficer.TocommunicatewiththepilotstationbyVHFandreporttheship'sETAorETD.Theengineroomshouldstandbythemainengineunderthebridgeorder,checkthebridgetelegraphandrudderindicatorwiththebridge.Thedeckhands

55、shouldpreparepilotladder,prepareahandropeandalifebuoy.Intheevening,alightshouldbeneeded.1. Canyoulistatleastthreemooringlines?NO,Ican't./headline,springline,aftline,breastline.2. Whatshouldbepreparedbeforethepilotcomesonboard?Apilotladder,ahandropeandalifebuoyshouldbepreparedbeforethepilotcomesonboard.3. Whatisthemaximumspeedthroughthewaterthatyourshipcananchorwithoutriskingbreakingthecable?3knots.4. Whatflagshouldbehoistwhenavesselrequiresapilot?TheHletterflagshouldbehoistwhenavesselrequiresapil