山东新题型高考英语阅读表达专题答题技巧祥解与专练

1、阅读表达答题技巧详解与练习山东省淄博市周村实验中学王红燕一、关于阅读表达题阅读表达题是自2007年开始山东省高考试题中增加的一种新的测试题型，要求考生在阅读所给短文，然后按照题目要求回答文后的五个问题，每个问题3分，总分15分。该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性，更能体现对考生的综合语言运用能力的考查。按照考试说明，阅读表达题的问题总共有七种类型：问题类型常见问题主旨概括What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?Whatisthepurposeofthewriter'

2、swritingthispassage?What'sthemainideaofthepassage/article?填空Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithapropersentence/properwordsorphrases.翻译句子TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintheparagraphintoChinese.何忌句替换Pleasefindoutthesentenceinthepassagewhichcanbereplacedbythefollowingone.封闭性问题Regularclose-endedwh-

3、questionsbasedonthepassage.开放性问题Whatwouldyoudoifyou?Whatothersuggestionswouldyougive?Howwouldyousettletheproblemifyou？其他类型每年的高考题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，问题的顺序也会结合问题的信息点在文章种出现的顺序进行排列。其他类型的题目属于不确定题型，是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的与以上六种题型不同的问题类型。还有就是为了控制考生在该试题上所化肥的时间，在每一个需要考生回答的问题后面都有具体字数的要求（翻译句子和句子填空题除外）。二、阅读表达题的解题方法与技巧1、主

4、旨概括：主要考查考生对文章内容的整体把握能力。要想答好该题，考生必须有很强的概括能力或归纳能力，要善于寻找能够概括全文的主题段落或者主题句，剔除文中的细节事实或者作者所用的论据，即要分清主旨和细节，概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，绝对不可太笼统离题太远或者以偏概全；文中标题格式可以是完整的句子，简洁的短语，也可以用问题的形式，同时要注意字数要求。具体的表达可以先根据文章内容找出关键词，再在此基础上确定文章标题或者文章的mainidea。2、同意句替换：只有准确理解所给句子的意义，抓住所给句子中的关键词，才能准确快速地找出原文中意义相同的句子。3、填空：回答此类问题时，一定首先注

5、意弄清楚上下文的逻辑关系，如递进、转折、并列、对比、因果等等；然后根据上下文的含义搞清楚空白处该填句子还是短语或者单词，再读上下文，最后确定答案。4、翻译句子：在该类题目中要求翻译的句子往往是结果较为复杂或者包括一些特定习语的句子。因此再翻译之前一定要先分析句子结构，并结合文章中心思想以及上下文弄清句子所在的语境，同时还要注意英、汉两种语言及其问题特征的差异，最后在忠实于原文的基础上，把画线部分的句子翻译成符合汉语表达习惯的句子。5、封闭性问题：封闭性问题是指答案是固定或唯一的问题，一般可在文章中找到明确的答案或依据，包括常见的wh-questionso6、开放性问题：开放性问题是阅读表达中主

6、观性最强的试题，要求考生结合个人的观点、经验来回答相关问题。7、其他类型：该题是结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出的除以上6种类型以外的类型的题。比如设计图表题，推理判断题等。三、考生在备考训练中应注意的问题1、养成良好的阅读习惯，掌握一定的阅读技巧。例如，要善于概括文章或者其中某一个段落和层次的主旨大意、作者的写作目的，要善于分析或把握篇章的结构、推测作者的语气、态度和观点，捕捉文章的具体信息，理解特定环境中语言的意义。2、因为过去的传统阅读试题是选择题，由名题者提供选项，应试者只是被动地去选择，因此同学们容易在思想上形成一定的依赖性。而阅读表达题要求应试者给出答案，或者是发表自己的看法。所以同学

7、们在平时学习中要养成主动思维的习惯，如就文章的内容或作者的观点进行讨论或评价，对文章故事的情节或作者的思路进行预测、对作者的语气进行揣摩等等。3、在回答问题之前要认真审题，判断问题的类型，弄清题目的要求；回答要有针对性，避免答非所问；同时还要注意问题后的字数要求，回答要简洁，语言要准确、达意，蠲免要整洁。4、解答阅读题的关键是弄清楚其考查的目的、问题的类型和掌握一定的答题技巧，并在老师的指导下进行一定量的针对性训练；尤其要注意的是平时一定要注意英语书面表达能力的提高以及书写的训练。四、下面通过2007山东卷的阅读表达实例对各种类型问题的答题技巧一一说明。AnAmericanfriendofmi

8、newhowashighupinabigcorporationhadworkedoutawayofhandlingafloodofe-mailsbeforemostofushadevenheardoftheconcept.Ifanyinformationhewassentwasvitalenough,hislackofresponsewouldensurethesenderranghimup,ifthesenderwasn'tmportantenoughtohavehisprivatenumber,thecommunicationcouldn'bfethatimportant,

9、myfriendisnowevenmoreseniorinthesamecompanysothestrategymustwork.Almosteveryweeknowthereseemstobeareportsuggestingthatweareallbeingdrivencrazybythebotherofe-mail.Ifthisisthecase,itosnlybecausewehavendtevelopedanappropriatediscriminationindealingwithit.Firstly,youjunknothingwithanexclamationmarkorast

10、ringofcapitalletters,orfromanyaddressyoudontrecognizoerfeelconfidentabout.Secondly,e-mailsdontllahavetobeanswered.Becausee-mailingissoeasy,theresatendencyforcorrespondencetocarryonforever,butitispermissibletostopanendlessdiscussionortoacceptapointofinformationsentbyacolleaguewithoutacknowledgingit.T

11、hirdly,areplye-maildoesn'thavetobethesamelengthastheoriginal.Weallhavee-mailpalswhosendlong,chattye-mail,whicharenicetoreceive,butwhothenexpectanequallylongreply.Thecharmofe-mailcanconsistinthesimple,incompletesentence,totallyregardlessoftheformatofthelettersentbypost.Youareperfectlywithinthebou

12、ndsofpolitenessinrespondingtoamarathone-mailwithabetterreply.76. Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Thepossibleexistenceofannoyanceresultsfromourinabilitytosortoute-mails77. FillintheblankinParagraph3withapropersentence.(within10words)78. Whatadviceisgiveninthelastparagr

13、aph?(within10words)79. ForwhatpurposedoestheauthormentionhisAmericanfriendinParagraph1?(within10words)80. TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphintoChinese.答案与解析：76. 答案：Ifthisisthecase,it'sonlybecausewehaven'tdeveloqtiedrimia;ppDoipriateindealingwithit.解析：该题为同意句替换题，细读所给句子，不难得出其意义“这

14、些令人恼火的情况之所以存在，是因为我们没有对电子邮件进行分类的能力”。然后对照原文，就很容易找到其同意句了。77. 答案：E-mail(s)canbehandledinthefollowingways./Herearethewaystodealwithe-mail(s)./handlinge-mail(s)isanart.解析：该题为填空题。做该类题目首先要根据上下文搞清楚所填内容是句子还是短语或单词。从该题要求来看我们可以知道此处要填入合适的句子。联系上下文可知，下文所列三条都是处理电子邮件的方法，那就不难知道，此处所填句子内容应该是一个概括性较强的topicsentence,这样我们就不难

15、知道该填什么内容了。78. 答案：Youmayreplytoalonge-mailbriefly./Youdon'thavetowritealongreplye-mail.解析：该题为封闭性问题，要求答出最后一段所给的建议。做这种类型的题目时，首先要读懂该段要告诉读者的是什么信息，然后根据要求进行总结，因为有字数限制，所以答题时要特别注意如何用词和如何组织语言。从最后一段的第一句我们就可以知道这条建议是告诉读者“在回复e-mail时，不必和对方来信的长度一样”。其实这句话就是该问题的答案，但是由于有字数限定，我们就必须改变一下说法，使答案的字数控制在10个单词以内，这样就可以避免学生照

16、抄原文，从而达到考察学生灵活运用语言能力的目的。79. 答案：Toshowawayofhandlinge-mail(s)withanexample./Tointroducethetopicofthetext.解析：该题属于其他类型的题目，要求考生写出作者在第一段中提到他美国朋友的写作意图。纵观全文不难知道，该短文的主旨是向读者介绍处理电子邮件的方法。而作者在第一段引用他美国朋友处理邮件的方法做为例子，目的正是为了揭示文章主题。80. 答案：用简短的话回复冗长的邮件完全不失礼节。/用简短的话回复马拉松式的电子邮件也是礼貌的。解析：该题为句子翻译题。做该题时应先分析句子成分，搞清每个意群的含义，然

17、后结合上下文以及文章的中心思想，调整成符合汉语表达习惯的通顺的汉语句子。翻译该句，关键是搞清处两个短语的含义，一个是withintheboundof（在范围内）,另一个是inrespondingto（作答，回复）。阅读表达练习集锦（一）Everyonehasgottwopersonalities（性格）-theonethatisshowntotheworldandtheotherthatissecretandreal.Youdon'tshowyoursecretpersonalitywhenyou'rea-wakebecauseyoucancontrolyourbehaviou

18、r,butwhenyou'reasleep,yoursleepingpositionshowstherealyou.Inanormalnight,ofcourse,peoplefrequentlychangetheirposition.Theimportantpositionistheonethatyougotosleepin. Ifyougotosleeponyourback,you'reaveryopenperson.Younormallytrustpeopleandyouareeasilyinfluencedbyfashionornewideas.Youdon't

19、liketoupsetpeople,soyouneverexpressyourrealfeelings.You'requiteshyandyouaren'tveryconfident. Oilyousleeponyourstomach,youarearathersecretiveperson.Youworryalotandyou'realwayseasilyupset.You'reverystubborn,butyouaren'tveryambitious.Youusuallylivefortodaynotfortomorrow.Thismeanstha

20、tyouenjoyhavingagoodtime. Ifyousleeponcurling（蜷缩）up,youareprobablyaverynervousperson.Youhavealowopinionofyourselfandsoyou'reoftendefensive.You'reshyandyoudon'tnormallylikemeetingpeople.Youpreferto. Ifyousleeponyourside,youhaveusuallygotawell-balancedpersonality.Youknowyourstrengthsandwea

21、kness.You'reusuallycareful.Youhaveaconfidentpersonality.Yousometimesfeelanxious,butyoudon'toftengetdepressed.Youalwayssaywhatyouthinkevenifitannoyspeople.76. Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?（Pleaseanswerwithin10words.）77. Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefollowingone?Youalwaysstickt

22、oyourownopinion,butyoudon'thavefar-reachinggoals.78. Pleasefillintheblankwithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（Pleaseanswerwithin10words.）79. Whichofthepositionsdoyouthinkistruetoyou?Howcanyouimprovetheweaknessofyourpersonalities?（Pleaseanswerwithin30words.）80. Translatetheunderlinedsen

23、tenceinthefirstparagraphintoChinese.参考答案：76. Sleepingpositionsandpersonalities解析：从第一段yoursleepingpositionshowstherealyou一句以及后文的分析可以判断，一个人的睡觉姿势与性格有关系.77. You'reverystubborn,butyouaren'tveryambitious解析：要答对该题，你要抓住两个点，一是sticktoyourownopinion,再就是havefar-reachinggoals,只要搞清楚这两个点的含义，就不难得出问题答案了.78. b

24、eonyourown/stayalone解析：根据上文You'reshyandyoudon'tnormallylikemeetingpeople.一句很容易能够判断出下文应该是Youprefertobeonyourself/stayalone.79. （该题为开放性问题，要求学生根据自己的情况作答，一般没有标准答案，只要考生能够自己属于哪种睡姿，并且能够根据这种睡姿所显示的缺点提出相应的正确改正的意见即可）80. 当你醒着时，你不会表露出你隐藏的性格，因为你能控制自己的行为；但是当你睡着时，你的睡姿会显露出真正的你。（二）Everyyear,wheneverSpringFest

25、ivalarrives,alotofChinesepeoplecannotwaittogohome.Theyqueueforlonghoursinfrontoftheticketofficesinrailwaystations,ordowhatevertheycaninordertogetaticket.Theytoleratethelongjourneyonthetrainonlytowanttowiththeirnearanddearones.AccordingtoTheBeijingYouthDaily,mostChinesecelebratetheSpringFestivalnoton

26、lybecausetheywanttofollowtradition,therearealsosomepracticalreasonstoexplainChinesepeople'sfeverfortheholiday.Comparedwithone'sworkplace,homeprovidesamorehumaneenvironmentforonetorelaxoneself.Societymaydowithorwithoutyou,butathome,youbecomeuniqueandindispensable.Youmaybethefatherormother,dau

27、ghterorson,grandfatherorgrandmotherinthefamilyandthefamilywillbeincompleteifanyoneisabsent,becauseeverymemberinthefamilyisboundtogether,andeveryoneinthefamilyispleasedwiththefeelingthatheorsheisuniqueandirreplaceable.Inaddition,familyprovidesanidealenvironmentforonetofullyrelaxoneself.Athome,onecant

28、akeone'stimedowhateverheorshewants,andonecanspendmoneywheneveronelikes.Insociety,however,oneneedstodoeverythingfastandwithhighefficiency,becausesocietyalwaysrequiresefficiencyandmaximumprofits.Suchcompanyprinciplesmakepeoplemerelyatoolinmodernsociety.Chinesepeople'sstrongdesireforSpringFesti

29、valshowsthattheyfeeloppressedandhaveasenseofpredicament（困境）ofexistenceinmodernsociety.TheSpringFestivalprovidesachanceforthemtoescapefromsuchanxietyandtreasurethelong-losttraditionofcommunityspirit.WiththeSpringFestival,peoplecanfindbackthewarm,familyatmosphereoftenseenindaysgoneby.1.What'sthepa

30、ssagemainlytalkingabout?（Pleaseanswerwithin10words.）2. Fillintheblankswithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（Pleaseanswerwithin10words.）3. Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefollowingone?Youmaynotbeanecessarypartinsociety,butinyourfamily,youareveryimportantandnooneelsecantaketheplace

31、ofyou.4. DoyouthinkhomeisimportantforChinesetocelebratetheSpringFestival?Whyorwhynot?（Pleaseanswerwithin30words.）5. TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphintoChinese.参考答案：1. WhySpringFestivalissoimportanttoChinesepeople./WhysomanyChinesegohomeduringSpringFestival/WhyChinesegettogetherforSp

32、ringFestival2. haveafamilyreunion/haveaget-together/haveawonderfultime/gettogether/gather3. Societymaydowithorwithoutyou,butathome,youbecomeuniqueandindispensable.4. Yes.ForaChinese,familyprovidesanidealenvironmenttofullyrelaxoneselfandthefamilygivesyouthefeelingofbeinguniqueandirreplaceable.5. 在春节，

33、人们可以找回往日岁月常见的那种温馨和谐的家庭气氛。Electronicdevices（装置）arechangingthewaypeoplelistentomusic.Butstudiesshowthedevicesmaybecausinghearinglossinmanypeople.Someexpertssaypeoplemaybeplayingthemtooloudandfortoolong.Andexpertssaysoundlevelsonthesedevicesneedtobesetlower.Researchersdidastudywiththreehundredhighschoo

34、lstudentsandonethousandadults.Theywereaskedabouttheiruseofportablemusicdevices.Fortypercentofstudentsandadultssaidtheysetthesoundlevelsathighontheirplayers.Butstudentsweretwotimesmorelikelytoplaythemusicataveryloudvolume（音量）.Morethanhalfofthestudentssaidtheywouldprobablynotlimittheirlisteningtime.Th

35、estudyfoundthatmorethanhalfofthestudentsandlessthanfortypercentoftheadultshadatleastonekindofhearingloss.Somereporteddifficultyhearingpartsofadiscussionbetweentwopeople.Otherssaidtheyhadtoraisevolumecontrolsonatelevisionorradiotohearitbetter.And,someexperiencedringingintheirearsorothernoises.Hearing

36、expertssaypartoftheproblemisthelisteningequipmentpeopleareusing.Theysaylargeearphonesthatcoverthewholeearareprobablysaferthanthesmallerearbuds(耳塞)thatcomewithmostmusicplayers.Hearing10ssmaynotbeobviousforyears,however,onceithappens,thereisfewchanceofcuring.AboutthirtymillionAmericanshavesomehearingl

37、oss.Onethirdofthemlosttheirhearingasaresultofloudnoises.TheAmericanSpeech-Language-HearingAssociationisworkingwithcompaniesandgovernmentofficialsonsettingrulesforuseofportablemusicdevices.Thegroupsaysthebestwaytoprotectyourhearingisto,limitlisteningtimeanduseearphonesthatblockoutforeignnoises.1. Wha

38、tisthebesttitleofthepassage?(Pleaseanswerwithin10words.)2. Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefollowingone?Comparedtoadults,teenagersaremorelikelytoturnuptheirplayers.3. Pleasefillintheblankinthelastparagraphwithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.(Pleaseanswerwithin10words.)4. Whattro

39、ublewillhappentopersonifhesufferssomehearingloss?(Pleasegiveatleasttwoexamplesmentioneditthepassage,eachwithin15words.)5. TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinthefourthparagraphintoChinese.参考答案：1. Hearinglosscausedbyelectronicdevices./Electronicdevicesmaycausehearingloss.（评分要求：根据文章内容和与参考答案的意思相近的程度酌情给分。只写

40、出类似“HearingLoss等过于笼统答案的，不得分。）2. Butstudentsweretwotimesmorelikelytoplaythemusicataveryloudvolume.（评分要求：要求准确找出以上的句子，并完整无误的抄写在题目要求的位置。）3. reducethevolume/turndowntheplayer（评分要求：要求给出的答案能保持与上下文的连贯性，而且与参考答案的意思相近。凡是能明确表达调低音量”之含义，且表述无误者，都得分）4. 1.Failingtohearpartsofadiscussionbetweentwopeople.2. Havingtora

41、isevolumewhilewatchingTV.3. Ringingintheirearsorothernoises.（评分要求：根据文章内容和与参考答案的意思相近的程度酌情给分。能列举出三条问题中的两条即可，要注意对原文句子的修改，字数超出者扣1分，与答案不同，但意思和表达无误者，都得分。只要说出一条者，得1分。）5.听力损伤也许多年都不被察觉（表现不明显），但它一旦发生，就几乎没有治愈的可能。（评分要求：要求在准确、全面的基础上，翻译成较为通顺的汉语，并表达出作者的思路。）（四）Inthemodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompe

42、tition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity（繁荣）.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad,thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother,thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhoheldthebeliefthattheirself-worthreliedonhowwelltheyperformedattennisandot

43、herskills.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-anddeathaffairs.Intheirsingle-mindedpursuitofsuccess,thedevelopmentofmanyotherhumanqualitiesissadlyforgotten.However,whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeattitude.Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheord

44、inaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.Amongthosewhocomplainmostareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.Teachingtheseyoungpeople,Ioftenobserveinthemadesiretofail.Theyseemtoseekfailurebynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynottrying,theyalwayshaveanexcuse:"I

45、mayhavelost,butitdoesn'tmatterbecauseIreallydidn'ttry."Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost,.Suchalosswouldbethemeasureoftheirworth.Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatoftruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone'ss

46、elf-respectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolve（缓解）canwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.1. Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?（Pleaseanswerwithin15words.）2. Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefo

47、llowingone?Althoughitseemsthatsomearedyingtosucceed,othersthinkdifferently.3. Pleasefillintheblankinthe3rdparagraphwithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（Pleaseanswerwithin10words.）4. What'syourattitudetowardcompetition?（Pleaseanswerwithin30words.）5. Translatetheunderlinedsentenceinthe3r

48、dparagraphintoChinese.参考答案：1. Opinionsaboutcompetitionaredifferentamongpeople.2. Whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeattitude.3. thatwouldmeanalot4. AsfarasIamconcerned,I'minfavorofcompetition.Faircompetitioncanbringaboutsocialprogressandprosperityaswellaspersonaldevelo

49、pment.5. 在那些最抱怨竞争的人中，就有深受来自你父母或社会竞争压力之苦的年轻人。（五）Alongcarjourneycanbeanightmare（噩梦）foreveryone,whethertheyareadultsorchildren,passengersordrivers.Thedriveratleasthassomethingthatheorsheneedstoconcentrateonbutfortheotheroccupantsofthecar,thejourneycanbeboring,uncomfortable,andcanmakeyoufeelsick.Moreove

50、r,passengerswhosufferduringcarjourneyscancausestressandanxietytothedriver,whomaythereforeloseconcentrationandcauseanaccident.Withthisprobleminmind,doctorsandchildpsychiatristshaverecommendedaseriesofthingstodoandnotdotomakethesejourneyslessstressful. Surveyssuggestthatamajorcauseofargumentsoncarjour

51、neysis,andevidenceshowsthatdriversoperatebetteriftheyarelisteningtosomethingoftheirownchoice.Thismeansthat,especiallywhendifferentgenerationsaretraveling,everyoneexceptthedriverwhowantstolistentomusicshouldbeequippedwiththeirownsourceofmusicorradio. Byfarthemostsuccessfulstrategy,especiallyiftherearechildreninthecar,istoturnthejourneyintoafuntaskofsomekind.Forexample,childrencanbeissuedwithanillustratedworksheet,offeringthemthechancetotickoffthingsthattheyseeabluemotorwayroadsign,forexample,oraparticularkindoftree. Itisofcourseimportanttohavesuf