专题06时文报道类-五年高考2012018年英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练原卷版

1、专题06时文报道类学精敢解读在信息时代的今天，我们必须关注国内外的重要事件。因而时文报道类（也称新闻报道类）文章也是阅读理解中必不可少的。时文报道类文章一般以记叙文为主。文章的特点是用非常简练的语言清楚地向读者阐述一件事。这类文章的写作思路往往是这样的：简述某个事件（何时、何地、何人、何事、结果）一一具体描述1事件（细节内容）一一作者或其他人的看法和评价。不过，在表达方式上，作者会运用各种表达方式，如倒叙、插叙等，思维的跳跃性较大。另外，这种文章中往往出现大量的陌生的人名或地名，在阅读时，要学会排除干扰。时文报道类是历年高考英语的必考话题，主要题型为阅读理解，体裁一般为说明文，分值所占比重也比

2、较高。如2018年新课标卷I阅读理解C篇；2018年新课标卷II阅读理解D篇；2018年新课标卷III阅读理解C篇等商林秘籍时文报道类重视时文类的标题标题通常点明短文的主题思想。重视时文类的导语由于高考试卷中的大部分时文类文章都会有意识地删掉标题，因此全文的主题和论点必须通过理解和分析导语部分来获得。重视每个段落的衔接时文类文章通常结构看似比较松散，而实际上并非如此。时文类的正文主要对导语部分所提供的主题信息的相关细节进行叙述或议论。【高考探究】高考试题经常以阅读理解的形式出现新闻报道类的文章。【典例剖析】Aschoolgirlsavedherfather'slifebykicking

3、himinthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic（过敏的）reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.Izzy,nine,restartedfatherColm'sheartbystamping（踩）onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing.Izzy'smother,Debbie,immediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather,sodecidedtouseCPR.

4、However,shequicklydiscoveredherarmsweren'tstrongenough,soshestampedonherfather'schestinstead.Debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestcompressions（按压）untiltheambulancearrived.Izzy,whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool,said:"Ijustkickedhimreallyhard.MymumtaughtmeCPRbutIknewIwasn&

5、#39;tstrongenoughtousehands.Iwasquitescared.ThedoctorsaidImightaswellbeadoctororanurse.MymumsaidthatDadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest.""She'salittlestar,"saidDebbie."IwasreallyupsetbutIzzyjusttookover.Ijustcan'tbelievewhatshedid.Ireallythinkallchildrenshoul

6、dbetaughtfirstaid.IzzydidCPRthenthedoctorturnedup.Colmhadtohavemoretreatmentonthewaytothehospitalandwe'vegottoseeanexpert."TruckdriverColm,35,sufferedamysteryallergicreactiononSaturdayandwastakentohospital,butwassenthomeonlyforittohappenagainthenextday.Thesecondattackwassoseriousthathisairw

7、ayswelled,preventinghimfrombreathing,hisbloodpressuredroppedsuddenly,andhisheartstoppedforamoment.Hehasnowmadeafullrecoveryfromhissuffering.1.1 zzykickedherfatherinthechestA.toexpressherhelplessnessC.tokeephimawake2 .What'stherightorderoftheevents? IzzykickedColm. Debbiecalled999. IzzylearnedCPR

8、. Colm'sheartstopped.A.B.3 .WhatdoesParagraph8mainlytalkabout?A. WhatColmsuffered.B.topractiseCPRonhimD.torestarthisheartC.D.B. Colm'spresentcondition.C.WhatcausedColm'sallergy.D.SymptomsofColm'sallergicreaction.4.Whydoestheauthorwritethenews?A. Todescribeaseriousaccident.B. Toprovet

9、heimportanceofCPR.C. Toreporta9-year-oldgirl'sbraveact.D. Tocallpeople'sattentiontoallergicreaction.【语篇解读】本文为新闻报道。文中报道了9岁女童勇敢救父的故事。Izzy的父亲因过敏反应心脏停止工作，Izzy采取急救措施挽救了父亲的生命。1 .D【解析】考查细节理解。由第一段中的"Aschoolgirlsavedherfather'slifebykickinghiminthechest"以及第二段中的“Izzy,nine,restartedfather

10、Colm'sheartbystamping（踩）onhischest"可知，Izzy踩她父亲的胸的目的是让心脏复苏。2 .C【解析】考查细节理解。由上下文可知，Izzy先前了解了一些CPR（心肺复苏术），后来她父亲因过敏反应心脏停止了工作，Izzy的母亲Debbie拨了999急救电话，然后Izzy采取了急救措施。3 .A【解析】考查段落大意。第八段主要讲Colm所患的疾病，即奇怪的过敏反应。所以A项正确。4 .C【解析】考查写作目的。文章为新闻报道，第一段中的"Aschoolgirlsavedherfather'slifebykickinghiminthec

11、hest"为导语，所以作者的写作目的是报道9岁女童勇敢救父的故事。【长难句解读】Aschoolgirlsavedherfather'slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic（过敏的）reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.分析：该句为主从复合句，句中"Aschoolgirlsavedherfather'slifebykickinghiminthechest"为主句，after引导时间状语从句，"whichstoppedhisheart"

12、为定语从句修饰先行词reactiono事富敢链摄Passage1（2018年新课标卷I）体裁；话题词数难度建议时间说明文人类语言越来越少及其原因3507分钟Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit（联系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindepend

13、entofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrial

14、ization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800langua

15、ges.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuine

16、aaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworldlanguagessarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),Chiap

17、anecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.28. Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnecte

18、d.29. Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.30. Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800B.About3,400C.About2,400D.About1,20031. Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A. Newlanguageswillbecreated.B. People&#

19、39;slifestylesarereflectedinlanguag.esC. Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D. Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.Passage2(2018年新课标卷II)体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣大大减少3007分钟Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineovert

20、hepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren'slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.Accordingtothereport'skeyfindings,Tttheproposaythey?hardlyever'readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-old

21、sin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages28,remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittle

22、tocounsel（建议）parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomes

23、toreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom（逼近）ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepina

24、ndmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.28. WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?A. Children'sreadinghabits.B. Qualityofchildrenbooks：sC. Children'saftlassactivities.D. Parent-childrelationships.29. Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports"children

25、arereadingalotlessforfun"?A.Inparagraph2.B.Inparagraph3.C.Inparagraph4.D.Inparagraph5.30. Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?A. E-booksareofpoorquality.B. Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C. Itmayharmchildren'shealth.D. E-readersareexpensive.31. Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?A.

26、Actasrolemodelsforthem.B. Askthentowritebookreports.C. Setupreadinggroupsforthem.D. Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.Passage3（2017新课标卷III）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼3006分钟Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothe

27、park.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.Theywentfarthernorthintot

28、hedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulationsmajorfoodsources（来源）forthewolf-grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation（植被）,whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogre

29、wquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark'sbeavers.Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfear

30、edthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolvers.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsar

31、edown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.28. Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A. WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.B. PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.C. Theconflictbetwe

32、enfarmersandgraywolves.D. ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.29. Whatdoestheunderlinedword"displaced"inparagraph2mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forcedout.D.Trackeddown.30. Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout?A.Damagetolocalecology.B.Adeclineinthepark'sincome.C.Preservati

33、onofvegetation.D.Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.31. Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfprojectA.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.Passage4（2017新课标全国卷II）体裁；话题词数难度建议时间说明文Terrafugia公司研制出了飞车3166分钟TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringi

34、ngthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.ThevehiclenamedtheTransitionhastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgas

35、andburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.Around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna$10,000deposittogetaTransitionwhentheygoonsale,andthosenumberswilllikelyriseafterTerrafugiaintroducestheTransitiontothepubliclaterthisweekattheNewYorkAutoShow.ButdoneXpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways

36、.It'sexpectedtocost$279,000.Andwon'thelpifyou'restuckintraffic.Thecarneedsarunway.Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermitted

37、thecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministrationgdecisreateveyearsaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft,whicharelowerthanthoseforpilotso

38、flargerplanes.Terrafugiasaysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandcomplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition,arequirementpilotswouldfindrelativelyeasytomeet.28. Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A. ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B. Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C. Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.C.Thed

39、esignersoftheTransition.29. WhyistheTransitionunlikelytoshowupintoomanydriveways?A.Itcauserstrafficjams.B.Itisdifficulttooperate.C.Itisveryexpensive.D.Itburnstoomuchfuel.30.Whatisthegovernment'sattitudetothedevelopentoftheflyingcar?A.CautiousB.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.31.Whatisthebes

40、ttitleforthetext?A.FlyingCaratAutoShowB.TheTransition'sFirstFlightC.PilotsDreamComingTrueD.FlyingCarClosertoReality体裁；话题词数难度建议时间说明文无人驾驶的自动化车辆3486分钟Passage5（2017天津卷）Thismonth,Germanystransportminister,AlexanderDobrindt,proposedthefirstsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles（自主驾驶车辆）.Theywoulddefinethedriv

41、ersroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost.Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe-deathvalleyIIofautonomousvehicles:thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture.Dobrindtwantsthreethings:thatacaralwayschoosesproperty（财产

42、）damageoverpersonalinjury;thatitneverdistinguishesbetweenhumansbasedonageorrace;andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheeltocheckemail,saythecarsmakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash.-Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving,IIsaysDobrindt.Itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonane

43、quallegalfootingtohumandrivers,hesays.Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumersandlawyers.-Theliability（法律责任）issueisthebiggestoneofthemall,IIsaysNatashaMeratattheUniversityofLeeds,UK.AnassumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriverlesscars,introducedearlierthisyear,insist

44、sthatahuman-bewatchfulandmonitoringtheroadIIateverymoment.Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.-Whenyousay%riverlesscars:peopleexpectdriverlesscars.IIMeratsays.-Youknow-nodriver.IIBecauseoftheconfusion,Meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyautomatedwithou

45、toperation.Driverlesscarsmayendupbeingaformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown,saysRyanCaloatStanfordUniversity,California.ThatishappeningintheUKandSingapore,wheregovernment-provideddriverlessvehiclesarebeinglaunched.ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS,however.-Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdr

46、iverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere,IIsaysCalo.46. Whatdoesthephrase-deathvalleyIIinParagraph2referto?A. Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown.B. Acasewherepassingalawisimpossible.C. Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.D. Asituationwheredriversroleisnotclear.47. Theproposalputforw

47、ardbyDobrindtaimsto.A. stoppeoplefrombreakingtrafficrulesB. helppromotefullyautomaticdrivingC. protectdriversofallagesandracesD. preventseriouspropertydamage48. Whatdoconsumersthinkoftheoperationofdriverlesscars?A. Itshouldgettheattentionofinsurancecompanies.B. Itshouldbethemainconcernoflawmakers.C.

48、 Itshouldnotcausedeadlytrafficaccidents.D. Itshouldinvolvenohumanresponsibility.49. DriverlessvehiclesinpublictransportseenobrightfutureinA.SingaporeB.theUKC.theUSD.Germany50. Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A. AutonomousDriving:WhoseLiability?B. FullyAutomaticCars:ANewBreakthroughC. Autonomous

49、Vehicles:DriverRemoved!D. DriverlessCars:RootofRoadAccidentsPassage6（2015新课标卷II）体裁；话题词数难度建议时间说明文上大学之前米取了响隔年II的方式2656分钟Morestudentsthaneverbeforearetakingagapyear（间隔年）beforegoingtouniversity.ItusedtobecalledtheyearoffIIbetweenschoolandunivehsityap-yearphenomenonoriginated（起源）withthemonthsleftovertoOx

50、bridgeapplicantsbetweenentranceexamsinNovemberandthestartofthenextacademicyear.Thisyear,25,310studentswhohaveacceptedplacesinhighereducationinstitutionshaveputofftheirentryuntilnextyear,accordingtostatisticsonuniversityentranceprovidedbytheUniversityandCollegeAdmissionsService（UCAS）.Thatisarecord14.

51、7%increaseinthenumberofstudentstakingagapyear.TonyHigginsfromUCASsaidthatthestatisticsaregoodnewsforeveryoneinhighereducation.Studentswhotakeawell-plannedyearoutaremorelikelytobesatisfiedwith,andcomplete,theirchosencourse.Studentswhotakeagapyearareoftenmorematureandresponsible,IIhesaid.Butnoteveryon

52、eishappy.OwainJames,thepresidentoftheNationalUnionofStudents（NUS）,arguedthattheincreaseisevidenceofstudenthardshipyoungpeoplearebeingforcedintoearningmoneybeforefinishingtheireducation.Newstudentsarenowawarethatethikelyrtoleaveuniversityupto£15,000indebt.Itisnotsurprisingthatmoreandmorestudents

53、aretakingagapyeartoearnmoneytosupporttheirstudyforthedegree.NUSstatisticsshowthatover40%ofstudentsareforcedtoworkduringtermtimeandthefigureincreasesto90%duringvacationperiods,IIhesaid.29. Whatdowelearnaboutthegapyearfromthetext?A. Itisflexibleinlength.B. Itisatimeforrelaxation.C. Itisincreasinglypop

54、ular.D. Itisrequiredbyuniversities.30. AccordingtoTonyHiggins,studentstakingagapyear.A. arebetterpreparedforcollegestudiesB. knowalotmoreabouttheirfuturejobsC. aremorelikelytoleaveuniversityindebtD. haveabetterchancetoentertopuniversities31. HowdoesOwainJamesfeelaboutthegap-yearphenomenon?A.He's

55、puzzled.B.He'sworried.C.He'ssurprised.D.He'sannoyed.32. WhatwouldmoststudentsdoontheirvacationaccordingtoNUSstatistics?A. Attendadditionalcourses.B. Makeplansforthenewterm.C. Earnmoneyfortheireducation.D. Preparefortheirgraduatestudies.事横加制称.Passage1体裁；话题词数难度建议时间说明文野生动物保护3466分钟Illegallyt

56、radedendangeredspeciesthatescape,formingsecondarypopulations,offerhopetotheirlong-termsurvival,astudysuggests."ThisfirstcametomyattentionwhenIreadanewsstoryabouttheseizureofanillegalshipmentof23yellow-crestedcockatoos,"saidLukeGibson,acollegeteacher.Helearnedthatthespecieswascriticallyenda

57、ngered,whichsurprisedhim.ThisencouragedDr.Gibsonandhiscolleaguetoinvestigate（调查）howacriticallyendangeredspecieshadbecomeself-sustainingoutsideofitsnaturalrange.Theydiscovered49casesofagloballythreatenedspeciesbecomingestablishedasaseparatepopulation,includingtheyellow-crestedcockatoointheircity.&quo

58、t;Thisisaspecieswhichisprimarilythreatenedbywildlifetrade,"hetoldBBCNews."Poachers（偷猎者）gooutintotheforestinitsnativerangeineasternIndonesiaandcapturethebirdsandthenshipthemoff,usuallyuptoourcitywherethereisastrongdemandforpetbirds.Thisiswhathasfueledthedeclineofthisspeciesinitsnativerange.Butitreallyinterestingbecausethatsamecausealsohadanothereffect:someofthepeoplewhowerekeepingthisspecieshereaccidentallyo