2020年高考英语重难点专练一阅读理解之应用文(附答案解析)

1、重难点01阅读理解之应用文【命题趋势】应用文一般分为两类：一类是叙述性应用文，例如书信、日记等，近两年高考试题较少涉及；另一类是说明性应用文，包括各种广告、产品说明、旅游指南、报刊书信、公共通告和备忘录等；而近两年高考试题中的阅读理解均侧重考查后一类。【满分技巧】高考应用文阅读理解设题以细节理解题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，主要注意细节信息。细节题的题干都是相应原文的变形（如同义改写、词性转换等），因此要找到答案一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较。做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可达到事半功倍的效果。同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大

2、写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。具体答题策略如下：1 .先题后文先读试题，了解试题考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。2 .题干定向根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下：问题与材料相同-对号入座；问题与原文相同-同义替换、归纳事实等。3 .生词模糊遇到生词；如与答题无关，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。4 .信息补全对于影响理解的省略句，可根据语境，将其补全。总之，应用文类型的阅读文章一般说来比较易理解，文章类型以广告形式居多，设问根据文章的段落秩序，多以细节事实理解为主，答案的寻找可以根据问题中的关键字顺藤摸瓜，

3、辅以适当的推理判断。了解了应用文的措辞和内容特点，我们在实践中总结出解答应用文试题的关键是：抓信息。提示：应用文阅读题做完后，不可轻易改答案，要相信第一感觉。因为第一次解题时思路最清晰，假如没十分把握，以不改为好，防止弄巧成拙。【热点话题】应用文热衷话题有：就业、旅游、电影、书籍等海报。【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）（2019 ?全国卷 I, A）话题：就业，暑期工作难度：建议用时：5分Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students

4、find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager livi

5、ng in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件 ）for this program.Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 1518 years old in select communities（社区）.Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with hands-on business training and award

6、s of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 1529, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who

7、is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities（ 机会）Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its relate

8、d agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.1. What is special about Summer Company?A. It requires no training before employment.B. It provides awards for running new businesses.C

9、. It allows one to work in the natural environment.D. It offers more summer job opportunities.2. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A. 15 18.B. 15 24.C. 1529.D. 16 17.A. Jobs for Youth.C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D. Summer Employment Opportunities.话题：旅游难度：建议用时

10、：5分（2019 ?江苏卷，A）Whatever your age or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly memorable.High energyIf you desire physical activities, you can choose activities from swimming to horse riding. Explore the heights with Go Ape, the high wire forest adventure course, or journ

11、ey beneath the earth at Poole Cavern. And don' Horget: we are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.High mindedBuxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and you ' llfind much to suit all tastes with art, music, opera and the performi

12、ng arts at Buxton OperaHouse & Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery. There are plenty of opportunities forthe creative person to become involved, including workshops and events.Keeping the kids happyPavilion Gardens and thereChildren love the small train and playgrounds in the's plenty

13、 morethe Buxton Museum. There ' as new indoor playcentre, plus the special events and workshops, andore at3. Which program favors the disabled?B. Summer Company.others during school holiday periods4. If you want to take an underground journey, which place is the best choice?A. Pole ' s Caven

14、.B. Pavilion Gardens.C. Buxton Museum.D. Green Man Gallery.5. Buxton Open House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers.A. rides in small trainsB. courses in modern artsC. artistic and cultural activitiesD. basic courses in horse ridingC(2019 ?全国卷 III , A)话题：话剧开幕和新剧首映难度：建议用时：5分OPENIN

15、GS AND PREVIEWSAnimals Out of PaperYolo ! Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami( 折名氏术)artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb.12. (West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W.86th St.212-8

16、68-4444.)The AudienceHelen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb.14. (Schoenfeld, 236 W.45th

17、 St.212-239-6200.)HamiltonLin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb.17.(Public , 425 Lafayette St.212-967-7555.)On the Twentieth CenturyKristin Chenoweth and Peter Gall

18、agher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star' s lovecojuniryarciiosourney. Scott Ellis directs, forRoundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb.12. (American Airlines Theatre, 227 W.42nd St.212-719-1300.) 6. What is

19、the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?A. A type of art.B. A teenager ' s studio.C. A great teacher.D. A group of animals.7. Who is the director of The Audience?A. Helen Mirren.8. Peter Morgan.9. Dylan Baker.D. Stephen Daldry.8. Which play will you go to if you are interested in American histor

20、y?A. Animals Out of Paper.B. The Audience.C. Hamilton.D. On the Twentieth Century.D（2019 ?全国卷 II, A）话题：书籍难度：建议用时：4分My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series（ 系列）of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a p

21、aper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl' s writing and it gave me a new a|his strange and delightful words. Matilda ' battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres, Miss Trunchbull, are equally fumy and frightening, but they ' re also aspirational.After DarkHaruki

22、 MurakamiIt ' s about two sisteEsi, a model who either won ' t or can ' t st（an（sleeprin a young student. In trying to connect to her sister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse " night people " who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FynnThere was a

23、bit of me that didn' t want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story isbrilliant. There ' s tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It and the frustration when you realise what' s going on is horribly enjoyableThe StandS

24、tephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out99.4% of the worlds population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.9. Who does "I" refer t

25、o in the text?A. Stephen King.B. Gillian Flynn.C. Jo Usmar.D. Roald Dahl10. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A. Cosmopolitan.B. Matilda .C. After Dark .D. The Stand.11. What kind of book is G one Girl ?)A. A folk tale.B. A biography.C. A love story.D. A horror story.E（天津市耀华中学 2020届高三上

26、学期开学测试）话题：夏令营难度：建议用时：5分Kinder CampThis is a week-long camp, Monday through Friday, for children from three years old to those entering first grade in the fall. Early childhood educators guide your child through activities including songs, games, stories and walks in the woods. Daily themes include d

27、irt, furry animals, insects and more! Parents sign up to bring a snack( 小 吃).Choose from either morning or afternoon sessions, from June 9 to July 1& 2019.Kids CampChildren explore all day in the natural world. Art, music, cooperative games and hikes through the woods are some of the activities

28、in this fun-filled week. Each grade level has its own camp program especially designed with the campers5 interests in mind.Camp takes place Monday through Friday, 9 am to 3 pm.Level 1 (completed 1st grade): July 28 to August 1,2019.Level 2 (completed 2nd grade): August 4 to & 2019.Level 3 (compl

29、eted 3rd grade): August 11 to 15, 2019.Please note: children must bring their own lunches.Outdoor ExpeditionsSend your child on a traveling adventure. Teenagers will investigate the natural, cultural and historical facts that make their hometown a great city. Activities will include unique field tri

30、ps and tours.Outdoor Expedition: from 9 am to 3 pm, August 11 to 15, 2019.Please note: children must bring their own lunches.Rainbow CampCampers enjoy all kinds of activities including arts and crafts, music and singing, drama, active games, cooking and a host of special events that go with our them

31、e weeks! Special guests are invited to the camp every week to entertain our campers and may include storytellers, musicians and magicians.Week-long camps, June 14 to July 18.Campers must be at least 4 years old to take part.For more information, call Frick Environmental Center at (412) 422 6538.12.

32、According to the passage, we can infer that Kinder Camp is probably organized to.A. help children learn about nature while playingB. get children prepared for primary schoolC. offer parents a chance to play with their childrenD. develop children ' s language skills13. Campers in which of the fol

33、lowing camps have the chance to meet special guests?A. Kinder Camp.B. Outdoor Expeditions.C. Rainbow Camp.D. Kids Camp.14. Jack, aged 13, interested in nature and is free in August, would probably take.A. Rainbow CampB. Kids CampC. Kinder CampD. Outdoor Expeditions15. Of the four camps, the common t

34、hing is that.A. they are all whole-day camps for childrenB. they all last five days for each groupC. they all require campers to bring their own lunchesD. they are all for children over five years old16. What is the purpose of writing this article?A. To show the importance of attending camps.B. To t

35、ell us how to have fun during vacations.C. To introduce how to play with children.D. To give us some information about camps.（广东省深圳市高级中学 2020届高三上学期）话题：国外求学居住方式难度：建议用时：6分Choosing where to live may be one of the biggest decisions you' ll make when you move to Sydney, buthave plenty of help.Tempora

36、ry arrival accommodationBefore you move to Sydney, we recommend that you book a temporary place to stay. Once you get here, you can look for longer-term .au/accommodation/short-termOn-campus-residential colleges （fully catered 饮食全包的）The University has eight residential colleg

37、es on the Camperdown/Darlington Campus, including International House, a residential community of global scholars. Colleges provide comfortable, fully furnished single rooms and daily meals, along with sporting, cultural, leadership and social programs. They also include on-site tutorials（ 辅导 课）in a

38、ddition to campus-based .au/collegesOn-campus residences （self-catered 饮食自 理的 ）The University has two self-run residences Queen Mary Building （QMB） and Abercrombie Student Accommodation on the Camperdown/Darlington Campus. Both just under a year old, they house up to 1000 students.

39、 These residences provide modern single-study rooms with large common living, learning and study spaces, shared kitchens, a theatre, gyms, soundproofed music rooms, art studios, sky lounges and rooftop .au/campus-life/accommodation/live-on-campus.htmlOff-campus livingMore than 90 p

40、ercent of our students live off campus. The University is close to many dynamic and multicultural suburbs such as Annandale, Newtown, Chippendale and Glebe. A great place to search is our large online database of .au/campus-life/accommodation/live-off-campus.html17. Where can yo

41、u find a place to live temporarily?A. On " .au/colleges".B. On " .au/accommodation/short-term "iiC. On " .au/campus-life/accommodation/live-on-campus.htmlD. On " .au/campus-life/accommodation/live-off-campus.html18. What do studen

42、ts living in QMB have access to?A. Their own kitchens.B. On-site tutorials.C. Daily meals.D. Gyms.19. What is the most popular choice among students?A. Living off campus.B. Living in host families.C. Living in self-catered flats on campus.D. Living in fully catered houses on campus.参考答案【限时检测】（建议用时：3

43、0分钟）A（2019 ?全国卷 I, A）话题：就业，暑期工作难度：建议用时：5分Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and onl

44、ine tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件 ）for this program.Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is e

45、ligible: Youth 1518 years old in select communities（社区）.Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 1529, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger

46、 ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities（ 机会）Through the Summer

47、Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a di

48、sability.1. What is special about Summer Company?A. It requires no training before employment.B. It provides awards for running new businesses.C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.D. It offers more summer job opportunities.2. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger

49、Program?A. 15 18.B. 15 24.C. 1529.D. 16 17.3. Which program favors the disabled?A. Jobs for Youth.B. Summer Company.C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D. Summer Employment Opportunities.【文章大意】本文为应用文。省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作，本文介绍了其中一些项目。1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据 Summer Company 部分中的 Summer Company provide

50、s students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses. 可知，Summer Company为学生提供实践性的商业培训和高达3000美元的奖励，以启动和经营他们自己的暑期业务。“start and run their own summer businesses 即 为开办新的业务 ”，这对应 B 项中的 "runn newbusinesses二者是词义之间的转述关系。故选 B。2. D【解析】细节理解题。根据 S

51、tewardship Youth Ranger Program 部分中 Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year. 可知，符合条件的学生是 16 岁或 17岁的 学生，但在今年12月31日之前未满18岁。由此得出，这个项目要求年龄在16-17岁之间。故选 Do3. D【解析】细节理解题。根据 Summer Employment Opportunities 部分中最后一句 Some positions require studen

52、ts to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability. 可知， Summer Employment Opportunities 有些职位是给残疾人的。故选Do（2019 ?江苏卷，A）话题：旅游难度：建议用时：5分Whatever your age or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly memorable.High energyIf you desire physical activities, you can choos

53、e activities from swimming to horse riding.Explore the heights with Go Ape, the high wire forest adventure course, or journey beneath the earth at PooleCavern. And don' Horget: we are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.High mindedBuxton is j

54、ustifiably proud of its cultural life and you ' llfind much to suit all tastes with art, music, opera and the performing arts at Buxton OperaHouse & Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery.There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become involved, including workshops an

55、d events.Keeping the kids happyChildren love the small train and playgrounds in the Pavilion Gardens and theres plermore to explore at the Buxton Museum. Therein d(soB pew centre, plus the specialevents and workshops, and others during school holiday periods4. If you want to take an underground jour

56、ney, which place is the best choice?A. Pole ' s Caven.B. Pavilion Gardens.C. Buxton Museum.D. Green Man Gallery.5. Buxton Open House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers.A. rides in small trainsB. courses in modern artsC. artistic and cultural activitiesD. basic courses in hor

57、se riding【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了去布克斯顿旅游可以去的一些景点的相关信息。4. A【解析】 细节理解题。 根据 High energy 中的 or journey beneath the earth at Poole可知s CSveroole的Cavern,可以在地下旅行，也就是乘坐地铁旅彳T。所以如果你想乘地铁旅行，Poole' s Cavern你最好的选择。故A项正确。5. C【解析】细节理解题。根据 High minded 中的 Buxton is justifiably proud of it s cultural life and you' l

58、l find muchto suit all tastes with art, music, opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion ArtsCentre and Green Man Gallery.可知，Buxton 以其丰富的文化生活而自豪，在 Buxton Opera House&PavilionArts Center and Green Man Gallery ,您将发现许多适合各种品味的艺术、音乐、歌剧和表演艺术。所以Buxton Opera House&Pavilion Arts Center特别是因为它提供艺术和文化活动。故C选项正确。C(2019 ?全国卷 III , A)话题：话剧开幕和新剧首映难度：建议用时：5分OPEN