2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷及答案

1、2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷及答案22018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.$19.15.B.$9.18C.$9.151. WhatwillJamesdotomorrow?A. WatchaT

2、Vprogram.B.Giveatalk.C.Writeareport.2. Whatcanwesayaboutthewoman?A. Shesgenerous.B.Shescurious.C.Sheshelpful.3. Whendoesthetrainleave?A. At6:30.B.At8:30.C.At10:304. Howdoesthewomangotowork?A. Bycar.B.OnfootC.Bybike.5. Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A. Classmates.B.Teacherandstudent.

3、C.Doctorandpatient.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. Whatdoesthewomanregret?A.Givingupherresearch.B.Droppingoutofcollege.C.Changinghermajor.7. Whatisthewomaninterestedinstudyingnow?A

4、.Ecology.B.Education.C.Chemstry.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. Whatistheman?A.Ahotelmanager.B.Atourguide.C.Ataxidriver.9. Whatisthemandoingforthewoman?A. Lookingforsomelocalfoods.B. Showingheraroundtheseaside.C. Offeringinformationaboutahotel.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inano

5、ffice.B.Athome.C.Atarestaurant.11. Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrowevening?A.Gotoconcert.B.Visitafriend.C.Workextrahours.12. WhoisAlicegoingtocall?A.MikeB.Joan.C.Catherine.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. Whydoesthewomanmeettheman?A. Tolookatanapartment.B. Todeliversomefurniture.C. Tohaveamealtogether.14. Whatdoes

6、thewomanlikeaboutthecarpet?A.Itscolor.B.Itsdesign.C.Itsquality.15. Whatdoesthemansayaboutthekitchen?A.Itsagoodsize.B.Itsnewlypainted.C.Itsadequatelyequipped.16. Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Godowntown.B.Talkwithherfriend.C.Makepayment.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Movi

7、efans.B.Newsreporters.C.Collegestudents.18. WhendidthespeakertakeEnglishclasses?A. Beforehelefthishometown.B. AfterhecametoAmerica.C. Whenhewas15yearsold.319. Howdoesthespeakerfeelabouthisteacher?A.Hesproud.B.Hessympathetic.C.Hesgrateful.20. Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A. Howeducationshapedhis

8、life.B. Howhislanguageskillsimproved.C. Howhemanagedhisbusinesswell.第一节（共15小题:每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWashington,D.CBicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworldfamouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashingt

9、on,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability-andthecherryblossoms-disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours（4miles）JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.Explorethem

10、onumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.CDuration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahe

11、althywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidentsCongress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute（路线）makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours（7miles）Joinasmallgroupbiketourf

12、oraneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylig

13、hts.21. Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A. CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.B. WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C. CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.CD. WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.22. WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-k

14、nownmuseums.D.Enjoyinterestingstories.23. Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.C.Meals.D.Safetylights.BGoodMorningBritainsSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiou

15、smealsonatightbudget。InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshesbeenabletoputalotofwhatsheslearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsfor

16、sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurrossoIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,sheexplains.Ipay5foraportion（份） ,butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswerenotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.T

17、heeight-partseries（系歹0节目） ,Savemoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITVsSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.IntonightsEasterspecialtheycomet

18、otheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamilyslongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.24. WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.D.Shehashadatightbud

19、getforherfamily.25. HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusannaA.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.26. Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.C.Addsomebackgroundin

20、formation.D.:Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.27. Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD.CookingWellforLessCLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwa

21、sstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit（联系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdownto

22、becomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentoft4henation-stateandthespreadofuniversal5compulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,andlanguag

23、essuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehotwetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200l

24、anguages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber（中位数）ofspeakersismere6,000,whichthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction（消亡）,wi

25、thonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon（eightremainingspeakers） ,ChiapanecoinMexico （150） ,LipanApacheintheUnitedStates （twoorthree）orWadjiguinAustralia（one,withaquestion-mark）:noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.28. Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.The

26、ydevelopedveryfastB.TheywerelargeinnumberC.TheyhadsimilarpatternsD.Theywerecloselyconnected29. Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsdominantunderlinedinparagraph2?A.ComplexB.AdvancedC.Powerful.D.Modern30. Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800B.About3,400C.About2,400D.About1,

27、20031. Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.Peopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.DWemaythinkwereaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwe

28、keepusingourolddevices（装置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.Thatsbadnewsfortheenviamidnoeintwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheen

29、vironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife-fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein

30、1997.AndWP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidntthrowoutouroldones.Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekidsroom,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaverag

31、enumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.Werenotjustkeepingtheseolddevices-Wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbittsteam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（排放）morethand

32、oublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhatsthesolution（解决方案） ?Theteamsdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingon

33、tabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.32. Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome.D.Theygooutofstylequickly.33. WhydidBabbittsteamconducttheresearch?A.Toreducethecostofminerals.B.Totesttheli

34、fecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.34. Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.35. Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.StopusingthemB.TakethemapartC.Upgradet

35、hem.D.Recyclethem.第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyoullalwayshaveeveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesinoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyoulllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthatsfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingfora

36、placetorelaxafteralongday?_36_,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeelOvertheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint._37_,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthereerreallynlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thes

37、mallones,themediumones,andthelargeones._3B_,Theyrethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.6Med

38、iumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryourelookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortand

39、relativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40一.A. WhileallofthemareusefulB. WhateveryourelookingforC. IfyoureexperimentingwithacolorD. SmallcolorchoicesaretheonesweremostifhmiliarwE. itsnotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG. Colorchoices

40、inthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项ODuringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits41theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesntw

41、ant_to42_afewdollars?Morethanthat,Ialwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren43_ehotighaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour44wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which45_Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame46，Isoouldhardlywaitto_47_him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtotea

42、ch,andthis48wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit49thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto_50_theclassamongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto_51whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand_52_toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat_53_andleanedlifelessonsthathaveserv

43、edmewellbeyondthe_54_.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,Imstillputtingtousewhathe_55me:theabsolutemostimportant_56_thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood_57_.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto_58_asituation,processwhatyouropponent(对手)isdoingand_59_thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.Thesewordsstillrin

44、gtruetodayinmy_60_asajournalist.41.A.putforwardB.jumpedatC.triedoutD.turneddown42.A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay43.A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired44.A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor45.A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.Meant46.A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest47.A.interviewB.meetC.challenge48.A.chanceB.qua

45、lificationC.honorD.beatD.job49.A.realB.perfectC.clearD.possible50.A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe51.A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare52.A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally53.A.gameB.presentatio nC.courseD.experiment54.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation55.A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.pro

46、mised56.A.factB.stepC.mannerD.Skill57.A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments58.A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control59.A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate60.A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runn

47、erslivethreeyears_61_(long)thannon-runners,Youdonthavetorunfastorforlong_62_(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof_63_(die)earlybyrunning.dWhilerunningregularlycantmakeyouliveforethereviewsaysit_64_(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife_65_walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooft

48、heauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014_66_showedamerefiveto10minuteadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall_67_(caus.Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise.itsprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto_68(strength)yourlegmus

49、cles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyanditslways_69_(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70_atry.71.第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分1诚)-假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(A),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitm