人教版英语必修五第五单元知识点

1、U5(BX5)FirstaidLanguagepoints1Aid(v)帮助;援助=helpsb帮助某人去做.aidsbtodo在事帮助某人aidsbinHeaidedmeinbusiness.Iaidedhertocontinueherstudy.AtChristmas,manyorganizationsaidthepoor.n/U/帮助;援助在某人的帮助下withtheaidof为了帮助inaidofTeachersgivetheirlessonswiththeaidofcomputers.Heraisedmoneyinaidofthesick.知识拓展：give/offeraid援助co

2、metosb.'said帮助某人cutoffaid(突然)终止援助ahearingaid助听器teachingaids教具medicalaid医疗救护2.temporary暂时的，临时的temporaryrelieffrompain短暂的解痛temporarywork/solution临时工作/解决办法3.fallillfall+adj.illasleepawakesicksilentHiswifesuddenlylastweek.Shehasforaweek.fellillbeenill4get+过去分词表被动或状态Thecomputergotdamagedwhenweweremov

3、ing.Mybikeisgettingrepairednow.MyglassesgotbrokenwhileIwasplayingbasketball.PeterandMarygotmarriedlastyear.getdonegetinjured受伤getdressed穿衣服getdamaged遭到破坏getchanged改变getmarried结婚getinfected被感染getbroken被弄破getlost迷失，走失5injurev.n.adj.injurytosth.(部位)的伤Hegotatwork.他干活时腿受了重伤。(injury)Heintheaccident.他在意外事故

4、中受了伤。(injure)injuriestothelegsgotinjuredinjuryinjuredhurt肉体，精神上的伤害(一般用语)，疼痛injure意外或事故而受伤wound指外伤(刀、枪、剑伤)woundedinjuredhurthurtinjuredHegotinthefighting.Hewasbadlyinacaraccident.Herwordsmedeeply.ImybackwhenIfell.Myfeet.6.bleed-blood-bloody(v.)(n.)(adj.)Hisnosewasbleeding.=Hewasbleedingatthenose.=Heh

5、asabloodynose.在流鼻血。bleedfor为而流血,悲痛bleedtodeath出血过多而死loseblood流血、失血fleshandblood血肉之躯7.chokevi.&vt.窒息;阻塞Shechokedwithemotion.她激动得说不出话来。Thesmokealmostchokedme.烟呛得我几乎喘不出气来。Atthebadnews,hecouldn'tchokebackhistear听到这则噩耗，他抑制不住自己的眼泪。Themangaveafewchokesandthengothisbreath.那个男人噎了几下才喘过气来。adj.最重要的，不可缺少

6、的，本质的阳光和水是农作物生长不可缺我们有必要来设定我们的学习目标。hearts.赢得选民的信任是至1) Sunandwaterareessentialtothegrowthofcrops.的。2) Itisessentialforustosetourstudygoal.3) Itisessentialthatyou(should)winthevoter's关重要的。当用it充当主语而用它充当表语时，that从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形9.Youhavethreelayersofskinwhichactasabarrieragainstdisease,actas作为.barr

7、ier屏障,障碍物,隔阂Youshouldshowtheticketatthebarrier.Thelanguagebarrieragainst反对,阻止whichactasbarrier定从10poisonn./vt.毒药，毒害；毒害，使中毒eg:1)Poisonsmustbeputoutofchildren'sreach.方。2) Thismatterwillmakesomepoisontothecrops.3) Booksofthiskindcanmakepoisontochildren.4) Heroinhaspoisonedalotofpeople.毒药一定要放在孩子们够不到

8、的地这种物质会对庄稼造成毒害。这类书会对儿童造成毒害。海洛因毒害了很多人。污染了的河水使这儿的人中5) Thepollutedwaterintheriverpoisonedpeoplehere.毒。poisonousadj.有毒(害)的eg:Thismedicineispoisonousiftakeninlargequantities.against/from保护不受的损害preventfromdoing阻止WearsunglassestoYouneedwarmclothes（阻止他们结婚）Nobodycanprotectyoureyesfromstronglighttoprotectyoua

9、gainstcoldpreventthemfromgettingmarriedItismydutytomystudentsfrombeinghurtwhentheyareindanger.DA.preventB.saveC.stopD.protectpreventsb.(from)doingstopsb.(from)doingkeepsb.fromdoing12.sense(n.&v.)fivesenses：senseofsmellsenseofhearingthesixthsensesenseoftouchsenseofsightsenseoftastesenseofhumour、d

10、uty、directionThemanhasnocommonsense.(无常识)Whathesaidmadenosense.(没道理)sense(v.)感觉到Althoughshedidn'tsayanything,Isensedthatshedidn'tliketheidea.(我感觉到她不喜欢这个主意)asyoucanimagine,ifyourskingetsburned,itcanbeveryserious.该句是一个主从复合句，主句为：Soifyourskingetsburned,itcanbeveryserious；从句为：asyoucanimagine.as引导

11、非限制性定语从句，指代后面的内容，有“正如”或“就象”的意思；它所引的从句位置较灵活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。另外，该句的主句中还含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。请看类似的句子：Asyoucansee,iftheyarenotproperlyprotected,thefarmlandswillbecomedessertssoonerorlater.正如你所看到的，这些农田如果保护不当迟早会变成沙漠。asweallknow=asisknowntoallasweexpect=asisexpectedaseverybodycanseeasyoucanimagine不同的，各种各样的Thereare

12、variouscolorstochoosefrom.varyvi1.(insth)bedifferentinsize,volume,strength,etc(体积、容积、力量等)呈现不同Opinionsvaryonthispoint.15.vary(withsth);(fromsthtosth)change,espaccordingtosomefactor改变,变动,变化(尤指伴随某种因素而产生)Pricesvarywithseasons.物价随季节而变动Hermoodvariedfromoptimismtoextremedepression.她的情绪由乐观一变而为极度消沉varietyn.变

13、化，多样性，种类Weallneedvarietyinourdiet.我们都需要饮食多样化Theshoppingcentersellsavarietyofgoodsavarietyof+名词,谓语动词的数和后面的名词保持一致on取决于,依赖,依靠,信赖,信任Hiswholefamilydependsonhim他全家都靠他养活.Heisamantobedependedon他是个可以信赖的人dependent(adj.)dependence(n.)independent(adj.)independence(n.)17.mild-milder-mildest-mildlyExamplesinclude

14、mildsunburnandburnscausedbytouchingahotpan,d在这个句子中的意思是“轻微的、不严重的”。如：Edwardsufferedfromamildheartattack.爱德华犯了轻微的心脏病。mild还可以表示“温和的、暖和的；味淡的”如：She'sthemildestpersonIhaveevermetinmylife.她是我平生见到过的最温柔的人了amildclimate温暖的天气mildcheese淡味奶酪gentle/soft/mildThepunishmentisvery.Theweathe

15、ris.Ilikeapillow.Hewasapersonofbirth.(身世良好)Hdmildgentlesoftgentle/soft/mild18.词语辨析:electric电的,发电的,由电产生的,用于导电的.electrical有关电的,与电有关的.electricity电,电力.电力学electricgenerator发电机,electriccooker电炉,electriciron电熨斗,vt./vi.Swellswelled/大，electricengineer电机工程师swelledswollen使膨胀，使（力量，数目等）增长，使壮The

16、windswelledthesails.风使船帆鼓起。Hisinjuredwristbegantoswell(up).他那受伤的手腕开始肿起。Herfaceswelledupwithtoothche.Thewindswelledintoastorm.风力渐增，终于形成一场暴风雨。asmallbusinessswelledintoabigcompany.壮大4) Neverswellwithpridewhenyoumakesomecontributions.有了贡献不要沾沾自喜。swellwithpride/anger得意洋洋、怒气冲冲Thedoctorexaminedtheswellingon

17、myback.swollenadj.肿胀的Hiseyelidisswollen.他眼皮肿了。sticksth.tosth.粘住Stickthegluetomyfingers.sticktodoingsthstickto坚持sticktoone'sview坚持自己的观点21.jewellery=jewelry珠宝（总称）不可数jewel可数，珠宝，珍视的人、物Thewerekeptinthesafe.Manywomenliketobuyasmuchaspossible.FatheralwayssaysIamhis.jeweljewelleryjewelsSheappearedatther

18、eceptionwearingherfinestjewels.Shelockedherjewelsinthejewellerybox.Mysisterhas_.B.ajewelleryA.apieceofjewelleryuncertainunfairunfitunbelievableunfortunateunlikeuncomfortableC.alittleofjewelsburnsimmediatelywithcoolbutnoticywater.水-y是个形容词后缀。如：windy有风sleepy困倦的spicy辛辣的23. unbearable不能忍受的un不能.,无法.unforg

19、ettableunwillingunusualD.abitjewellery立即用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不要用冰hilly多小山的greeny略呈绿色的woody树木茂密的24. squeeze挤；压；塞osth.把塞进sth.from/outofsth.挤出through挤过sth.outofsb.敲诈逼某人说出sbin挤出时间见某人crocodilesqueezedatear.I squeezedmyselfontothecrowdedtrain.Hesqueezedeverythingintoasuitcase.Shewatchedhergrandmasqueezethejui

20、ceoutofalemonattentivelyAlthoughIambusy,Istillcansqueezeyouinat10o'clockThoseblackmailersintendedtosqueezemoremoneyoutofhim.那些勒索者打算向他榨取更多钱。I'llnevergiveintoyou,andyoucansqueezenothingoutofmeThelittleboyissqueezingthetoothpastefromthetubeontothetoothbrush25. overandoveragainListsomephrasesorw

21、ordsthathavesimilarmeaningoverandoveragainandagainoverandagainmanytimesrepeatedlyfromtimetotimenowandthennowandagainSometimesAttimesOnoccasions26. Holdthebandageinplacewithtape.用胶布把绷带固定。inplace在适当的地方。如：Thelibrarianputthereturnedbooksinplace.图书馆员把还回的图书放到原处。You'dbetterputthingsbackinplace.你最好把你的东西

22、放回原位。Herdresswasoutofplaceattheceremony.（不得体,不适当）inplace还有“准备就绪”的意思。如：ThearrangementsfortheconcertnextSaturdayareallinplace.周六的音乐会已经准备就绪。Witheverythinginplace,shestartedtheslideshow.1. 倒,灌,注Shepouredherselfanothercupoftea.她为自己又倒了一杯茶。2. 倾注;大量投入;大量生产Theyhavepouredmoneyintothetouristindustry.他们已经把大笔钱投入

23、了旅游业。3倾吐,诉说Sheoftenpourshertroublestofriends.她经常向朋友们倾诉自己的苦恼。不及物动词vi.1. 倾泻,涌流Thecrowdpouredoutoftheconcerthall.人群从音乐厅涌出来。SweatpouredfromMartin'sface.马丁脸上汗如雨下。2. 斟茶ShallIpour我来斟茶好吗3(雨)倾盆而降(+down)Therainpouredsteadilydown.大雨不停地倾盆而下。Pourcoldwateron/over对泼冷水Pouroilontheflames火上浇油Pouroilontroubledwate

24、rs平息风波I. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1. Thereareover115differentkindsof(poison)snakesinAustralia.2. Doctorsinthathospitalaredevelopinganew(treat)forcancer.3. Heisa(mildly)personwhonevershouts.poisonoustreatmentmild4. Thismachinehasan(electric)fault.(与电有关的)5. Hisfacewas(swell)upwithtoothache.6. Ifhe(blood)toomuch

25、,hislifewillbeindanger.7. Hisfootwasburnedbyhotwaterandtherewereseveral(water)blistersonit.swollenbleedswateryelectricalII. 根据句意,选择适当的单词或短语并用其适当形式填空。1. protect;defenda. Takinganumbrellacanyoufromrain.b. Stectprotect/defend2. wound;injure;hurta. She

26、wasbadlywhenshefelloffherbike.b. Hislegwhenhewalks.c. Thesoldiergotaseriousinthewar.hurt/injuredwoundhurts3. insiston;sticktoa. Onceadecisionhasbeenmade,allofusshouldit.b. Theyleavingthatday.c. Healwayshispromise.stickstosticktoinsistedon4. cutoff;cutout;cutupHewasthemeatandwantedtomakedumplings.b.Y

27、oucantheunimportantdetails.c. Thevillagewasbyheavysnowforamonth.cutoffcuttingupcutoutIII. 用适当的介词填空。1. Wedon'twanttohearyouropinions;stick_thefacts.2. Therobberrobbedthebank_force.3. Whetherwewillhaveapicnictomorrowdepends_theweather.4. Hewasgreatpainafterhebrokehisarm.tobyonin/of5. Theydecidedto

28、jointofighttheenemyanddefendtheircountry.6. Assoonasallthechairsare_place,wecanletthepeoplein.Don'ttakeanynotice_whathesays.8. theaidofourteacher,wegotthroughallthedifficulties.WithagainstinofV.下列各句均有一处错误,请指出并改正.30yuan.Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroom,you'llhavetopayotheranother2. Firstthecur

29、taincaughtafireandthenthebedclothes.it3. Ilikethatintheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.4. Tomydisappointment,noneofmyparentsansweredthetelephone.neither5. Sheknewtherewasnodoubtwhetherhewaslyingtoher.that6. ItwasinthestreetwhereImetJohn.that7. Thespeechisintheplaceforthisoccasion.VI.根据括号内所给的提示将

30、下列句子翻译成英语。1. 他被年轻人挤出了人才市场。(squeezeoutof)Hewassqueezedoutofthejobmarketbyyoungpeople.2. 我一次又一次地警告过你不要再做那么傻的事。(overandoveragain)I'vewarnedyouoverandoveragainnottodosuchsillythings.3. 用胶带固定好绷带。(inplace)Holdthebandageinplacewithtape.4. 风暴对庄稼没造成多大的破坏。(dodamageto)Thestormdidn'tdomuchdamagetothecro

31、ps.5. 我不怀疑他能按时完成任务。(doubt)Idon'tdoubtthathecanfinishthetaskontime.6. 坚持做完一件事。(stickto)Sticktoataskuntilitisfinished.7. 法律一旦被制订,就应该被认真执行。(carryout)Lawsmustbecarriedoutseriouslyoncemade.8. 正是那个护士的快速反应和急救知识挽救了男孩的生命。Itwasthenurse'squickactionandknowledgeoffirstaidthatsavedtheboy.Reading21baward,

32、reward,prizeaward指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。如：Theschoolprincipalawardedaprizeinhistorytothebeststudent.学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。reward“报答，报偿，奖赏”，表示由于做了某事而应该得到的东西。如：Thefiremanreceivedarewardforsavingthechild'slife.因救了小孩的命，消防员提到一笔奖金。prize“奖赏，奖金，奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。如：Hundredsofprizescanbewoninournewspapercomp

33、etition.参加我们报纸的竞赛可以赢得数以百计的奖品。iswidelyacceptedthatyoungbabieslearntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto.A.rewardsB.prizesC.awardsD.results2. Themayorthepoliceofficeramedalofhonorforhisheroicdeedinrescuingtheearthquakevictims.A)rewardedB)awardedC)creditedD)prized一.award与reward词义辨析AB3. Thepolicehaveoffere

34、dalarge_forinformationleadingtotherobber'sarrest.A.awardB.compensationC.prizeD.rewardDn.(U)荣誉，尊敬;名誉It'sapointofhonorwithmetoreplyallmydebtspromptly.(C) 引以为荣的人/事，只用单数。(D) Thesuccessfullaunchofthe“ShenzhouVI”isanhonortoourcountry.dosbanhonor/thehonor(ofdoingsth)使某人有特殊的荣幸,赏光Willyoudomethehonoro

35、fdiningwithme可否赏光和我一起吃饭insb's/sth'shonor出于对的敬意WeareplanningabigChristmaspartyinyourhonor.我们正筹备为你举行一次盛大的圣诞晚会。inhonorof，为纪念，为庆祝Amonumentwasbuiltinhonoroftheheroeswhogaveuptheirlivesduringthewar.为了纪念在战争中献身的英雄们，建立了一座纪念碑。Honorv.给予表扬(或奖励、头衔、称号)1 honorsb/sth(withsth)ThePresidenthonoreduswithaperson

36、alvisit.2 behonoredfor因而受到尊敬DrBethunewashonoredforhisselflesswork.白求恩大夫由于他无私的工作而受到赞誉。3 be/feelhonoredthat很荣幸能做Iamhonoredthatyoushouldnoticeme.我很荣幸您能注意到我。4 be/feelhonoredtodo很荣幸能做。Iamhonoredtobeherewithyou.能和你在这里我感到很荣幸。anhonoredguest贵宾3presentv.Joanwaspresentedwithhisawardataceremonywhichrecognizedth

37、ebraveryofthelifeofanother.1. 赠送present+sth.+to+sb.把某物送给某人present+sb.+withsth.赠送某人某物2. introduce(sb)formally正式介绍Shepresentedherboyfriendtous.她把男朋友介绍给我们。3. show显示,呈现asmilingface显出一张笑脸4. 描述Thecharactersinthenovelarevividlyed.小说中人物被描写得很生动adj.作前置定语,“目前的,现在的”作后置定语,“出席的,在场的thepresentmembersthemembersprese

38、ntn.gift礼物相关短语：thepresentday今天(=today)atpresent/atthepresenttime=now现在forthepresentthepresentbepresentat暂时现在（相当于名词）出席;到场4).ceremonyn.(C)典礼；仪式(U)礼节；礼仪；客套Theweddingceremonywasbeautiful.Thereisnoneedforceremonybetweenus.Expressions:standonceremony拘泥礼节；讲究客套withceremony正式；隆重withoutceremony不拘礼节地；随便地人们以最高规

39、格的仪式欢迎国家首Theheadofstatewaswelcomedwithfullceremony.脑。5）.Johnwasstudyinginhisroomwhenheheardscreaming.此句型中when作并列连词相当于andthen意为”正当时突然”，常用于以下句型:bedoingwhen正在做突然beabouttodowher即将做突然beonthepointtodowhen正要去做突然has/have/haddonewhen刚刚这时（突然）例题（06，湖南）Ihadjuststeppedoutofthebathroomandwasbusydryingmyselfwithat

40、owel，_Iheardthesteps.AwhileB.whenC.sinceD.after6cutone'sfinger割破手指haveone'shaircut理发cutexpenses减少费用cutaclass逃学Wasyoursalarycut你的薪水减少了吗习惯用语:becutoutfor有做某事的天赋;适合于;与.相配合shortcut捷径，近路（一般和make，take连用;有时用作定语）drawcuts抽签cutabout乱切，乱砍乱跑cutat向.砍去猛打毁掉cutaway切除，剪掉匆匆跑掉cutback（on）减少;剪短;倒叙;缩减;中断;cutdown削减

41、，压缩砍倒使丧命比.强;使.逊色cutin插进来说，插嘴夹进来，夹塞干预超车cutinto插进来，参加（谈话），打断（别人的话）;减少，缩减;切开;侵犯（利益）cutoff切断，停掉隔绝，挡住死掉使电话中断切剪下来剥夺（继承权）cutout删掉停止（机器）失灵numberof+可数名词，谓语用复数，意为“许多，大量的”，thenumberof+可数名词，谓语用单数，意为“的数量”eg:1）Anumberofproblemshavearisen.已经出现了很多问题。2）Thenumberofcollegeshasincreasedinthepast10years.在过去的十年里，大学的数量有所增

42、加。其他表示“许多，大量”的短语:+可数名词agreat/goodmanyalarge/great/good/smallnumberofagoodfew/quiteafewmanyamuchagreat/gooddealofagreat/largeamountof+不可数名词quitealittlealotof/lotsofagreat/largequanitityof+可数或不可数名词largequanititiesofplentyofone'shandson找到eg:Fewofthestudentshaveputtheirhandsonthematerialsfortheircom

43、positions.没有几个学生找到适合他们作文的素材。vt.1) 对待；看待，把.看作：treat虐待某人treatdistinguishdedguest把某人待为上宾treatsb.withconsideration对待某人很体贴Donottreatthisseriousmatterasajoke.2) 讨论；探讨；详述；(文学，艺术作品中)描绘，描述；表现：Hetreatsthissubjectthoroughlyinhisbook.他在书中详尽透彻地讨论了这个问题。3) 医治，治疗：treatsb.forinfluenza给某人医治流行感冒treatsb'stoothache治

44、疗某人的牙痛4) 款待，请客(to):treatsb.toanice-cream(atheatre)请某人吃冰激凌(看戏)Illtreatmyselftoasunbath.我要好好地享受一次日光浴。Let'sgooutfordinnermytreatthistime.这次由我请客。10.applyVt.涂,敷;应用;适用Applicationapplicant-applicance-applicable1) 涂,敷她在脸上浓妆艳抹Sheappliedheavymakeuptoherface.2) 我们应该把理论应用于实践。Weshouldapplytheorytopractice.Th

45、isrulecannotbeappliedtoeverycase.vi.申请applytosbforsthapplyforajob申请就业Applyforascholarship申请奖学金applytodosth申请做某事TheyappliedtoreturntoChina.3) 适用Schoolregulationsapplytoeverystudent.校规适用于每位学生。Thisrulecannotapplytoeverycase.这条规则并不是在每种情况下都能适用的。applyoneself/sthtosth使致力(于),使专心从事HeappliedhimselftolearningFrench.他致力于学习法语。专心于，致力于:BuryoneselfinAbsorboneselfinInvolveoneselfinloseoneselfincommitoneselftodevoteoneselftokeepone'smindonisnodoubtthatJohn'squickthinkingandthefirstaidskillshelearnedatschoolsavedMsSlade'slife.毫无疑问，是约翰敏