初中英语名词复数、语法大全

1、初中英语名词复数可数名词有单数(Singular Form )和复数(Plural Form) 两种形式。表示一个人或物用单数形式，表示一个以上的人或物用复数形式。1 . 一般在词尾加-s。s在浊辅音后面读z,在清辅音后面读s,在t后与t一起读ts,在d后与d一 起读dz。例如：book books 书day days 天、日dog dogs 狗tree trees 树2 .以s, sh , ch, x结尾的词在词尾加-es,读iz例如：glass glasses 玻璃杯watch watches 手表box boxes 盒子brush brushes 刷3 .以。结尾的词有些加-es,读z;

2、有些加-s,读s。例如：tomato tomatoes 西红柿potato potatoes 土豆photo photos 相片radio radios 收音机zoo zoos 动物园4 .以f或fe结尾的词，先把f改为v,再加es,读vz。例如：knife knives 小刀leaf leaves树叶life lives 生命thief thieves 小偷5.以辅音字母加y结尾的，先把y改为i,再加-es,读z。例如：storystories故事city cities 城市family families家庭babybabies 婴儿注意：boy boys 男孩toy toys 玩具keyk

3、eys 钥匙6 有些名词有不规则的复数形式。例如：man men 男人woman women 妇女tooth teeth 牙齿foot feet 脚7 有些名词的单复数形式相同。例如；deer deer 鹿sheep sheep 绵羊Chinese Chinese 中国人Japanese Japanese 日本人8 有些学科名词虽以s 结尾，但通常都做单数名词看待。例如：physics 物理maths 数学politics 政治news 新闻9 有些单数形式的名词具有复数的含义，要当作复数看待。例如：people 人们，人民police 警察public 公众练习、写出下列名词的复数形式。mo

4、vie olifepiaoknifefryleafphotoradizootomatopotatobuswatchboxbookmapcatfilmdoormonthhorsepictureclassboytoothwomaneyetoothGermanChinesemanfootballchildclassroommonkeyFrenchman二、选择填空：1. There are some on the hill.A. sheeps B. a sheep C.sheep D.sheepes2. Mr Black often gives us by Email.A. some good in

5、formation B. some good informationsC. good informations D. a good information3. There are some new books in the school library. They are books.A. child B. childrens C. children D. childrens4. I have worn out my shoes, so I want to buy a new.A. pair B. one C. ones D. trousers5. Meimeis handwriting is

6、 better than any other in his class.A. students B. students C. students D. students6. The hospital is a bit far from here. Its about.A. forty minutess walk B. forty minutes walkC. forty minutes walk D. forty minutes walk7. How many are there in your class ?A. Japanese B. American C. Australian D. Ca

7、nadian8. I found my black cat inroom.A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mikes C. Jims and Mikes D. Jims and Mike9. How much are the ?A. bread B. meats. C. potatos D. tomatoes10. There are many in our school.A. woman teachers B. womans teachers C. women teachers D. womens teachers11. Three months a long time

8、 for me.A. is B. are C. have D. has12. There are and on the table.A. two boxes cake; four bottle of orangesB. two boxes cake; four bottle of orangeC. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orangeD. two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges选择填空：精选1.They areA:man doctorctorsB:men doctorsC:men doctorD:man

9、do2There are five in the hill.C: gooseA:sheepB:sheepsD:deers3 Those white sockssmall.C: amA:areB:isD:do4We have manyin our school.A:woman teacherB:women teachersC: woman teachers D:women teacher5Do you like ?A:vegetableB: vegetablesC:an vegetableA:pictureB: picturesC:a picture7There areA:volleyball

10、leyballs 8Are theseA:woman 9It is _A:milkD:milks 10It saA:apple,egggg,cake 11Tom andA:friendsD:sister 12Where are A:keys ,Theysix in the room.B:volleyballsteachers?B:women.B:a milk.It isn t an .B;cake,eggJim are_.B:friendhis ?_the dresser.are onB:key, They are onC:a volleyballC:womansC:an molkC:egg,

11、orange,C:brotherC:keys, It is att is in13Are those your ?A:bookesB:boxsD:apple14There is in our room.A:a picture and five mapsC:applesB:five mapsctureC:two picturesand five mapsD: two picture6How manydo they have?mapand a piand fiveD:volD:eD:key,I初中英语语法大全一、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名

12、词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：）在后面力口 s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch 后力口 es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes3） 1 ）以辅音字母加y 结尾的变y 为 i 再加 es 如： baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties,comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2）以元音字母加 y

13、结尾的直接加 So 如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways4） 以 o 结尾加s（ 外来词） 。 如： radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o 的加 es： 如 : tomatoes 西红柿 , potatoes马铃薯五）以 f 或 fe 结尾的变f 为 v 再加 es（s） 。如： knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer 鹿子 , Chin

14、ese, Japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police 警察局，警察, class 班，同学, family 家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-penpals; 但如果是由man 或 woman 所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如： man doctor-men doctors, womanteacher-w

15、omen teachers十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish 鱼 fishes 鱼的种类, paper 纸 papers 报纸，卷子，论文, work 工作works 作品， 工厂 , glass 玻璃 glasses 玻璃杯， 眼镜 , orange 桔子水 oranges 橙子 , light 光线 lights 灯 , people 人 peoples 民族 , time 时间 times 时代 , 次数 , chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十一）单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或s如：Is （I s）, Ks （K。但期是缩略词则只加So如： IDs, VCDs, S

16、ARs十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice,policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen二、名词的格1 当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加 s 。如： brother s, Mike s, teacher s二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如： Teachers Day教师节， classmates ; Children sDay节，Women s Day 三八节三）由

17、 and 并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个 s ，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间）， Mike s and Ben s roomM克和本的房间（各自的房间）2 代词项目 人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词人称主格宾格形容词名词性第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数sheherherhersherselfhehimhishishim

18、selfitititsitsthisthatitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthesethosethemselves3动词A） 第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下：）般在词后力口 s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在 x, sh, ch, s, tch 后力口 es。如： watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1 ）以辅音字母加y 结尾的变y 为 i 再加 es 。如： study-studies, hurry-hurrie

19、s, try-tries2）以元音字母加 y结尾的直接加 s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以 o 结尾加 es 。如： does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB ） 现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing 。如： spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing,hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二）以不发音

20、 e 的结尾的去掉 e 再力口 ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show -showing,draw-drawing ）要双写最后的辅音字母再力口ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting,begin-beginning四）以 ie 结尾的变ie 为 y 再加 ing 。如： tie-tying 系 di

21、e-dying 死 lie-lying 位于4形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：一）一般在词后加 er或est（如果是以 e结尾则直接加 r或st）。如：greater-greatest, shorter-shortest,taller allest, longer-longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二) 以重读闭音节结尾且1 个元音字母1 个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如 few-fewer fewest) 结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est 。如： big-bigger biggest, red-

22、redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三)以辅音字母y 结尾的变y 为 i 加 er/est 。如： happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest,friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四)特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worstli

23、ttle- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5数词(基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th； y 结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、句式1 .陈述句肯定陈述句

24、a) This is a book. (be 动词 )b) He looks very young. ( 连系动词)c) I want a sweat like this. ( 实义动词)d) I can bring some things to school. ( 情态动词)e) There s a computer on my desk. (There be 结构 )否定陈述句a) These aren t their books. b) They don t look nice.c) Kate doesn t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can

25、t find her doll.e) There isn t a cat here. (=There s no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句a) Please go and ask the man.b) Let s learn English! c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Don t be late. b) Don t hurry.3. 疑问句1) 一般疑问句a) Is Jim a student?b) Can I help you?c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading

26、?肯定回答:a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定回答:a) No, he isn bt.) No, you can tc. ) No, she doesn td. ) No, they don te.) No, she isn t.2) 选择疑问句Is the table big or small? 回答 It s big./ It s small.3) 特殊疑问句 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 问种类 What kind

27、 of movies do you like? 问身体状况How is your uncle? 问方式 How do/can you spell it?How do we contact you? 问原因Why do you want to join the club? 问时间What s the time? （=What time is it?） ItWhat time do you usually get up, Rick?When do you want to go? 问地方Where s my backpack? 问颜色 What color are they?What s your

28、favo urite color? 问人物Who s that?Who is the boy in blue?Who isn t at school?Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 问东西What s this/that （in English）?I like action movies and comedies.He is well/fine.L-double O-K.My e-mail address is cindyjones. s a quarter to ten a.m.At five o clock.Let s go at 7:00.It s un

29、der the table.They are light blue.It s black.It s my sister.My brother.Peter and Emma.It s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture?（ 11 ）问姓名What s your aunt s name?What s your first name?What s your family name?12 问哪一个Which do you like?13 问字母 What letter is it?14 问价格 How much are these pa

30、nts?15 问电话号码What s your phon e number?16 问谓语（动作） What s he doing?17 问职业（身份） What do you do?What s your father?三、时态Her name is Helen./She s Helen.My first name s Ben.My family name s Smith.I like one in the box.It s big D/small f.They re 15 dollars.It s 57-86349.He s watching TV.I m a teacher.He s a

31、doctor.I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.1 、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：Be 动词：She s a worker. Is sh e a worker?She isn t a worker.情态动词：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano?I can t play the piano.行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes?They

32、 don t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Doe s Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn t have a watch.2 、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它。They re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music?They aren t listening to the pop music.A）名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而

33、不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：）在后面力口 s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch 后力口 es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes3） 1 ）以辅音字母加y 结尾的变y 为 i 再加 es 如： baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties,comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-s

34、tories2）以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 So 如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways4） 以 o 结尾加s（ 外来词） 。 如： radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o 的加es： 如 : tomatoes 西红柿 , potatoes马铃薯五）以 f 或 fe 结尾的变f 为 v 再加 es（s） 。如： knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer 鹿子 , Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有复数，没