2020高考英语冲刺之复合句精讲精练

1、2020高考英语冲刺之复合句精讲精练【复合句综述】复合句含有两个或两个以上主谓结构，其中一个主谓结构作另一个的成分。（而并列句的两个主谓结构间是并列关系，而不是从属关系）。复合句包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子， 从句包含名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、 定语从句和状语从句等。当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时， 整个句子就成为复合句了。一、如何判断复合句1 .What he said is wrong.（what he said是一个主tf结构，he为主语，said为谓语，what是宾 语。What he said is wrong.是另外一个主谓结构。 W

2、hat he said作主 语，is wrong系表结构作谓语。因此，本句是复合句。 What he said 是名词性从句作主语）。2 .The _boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.（The boy is my brother.是个主谓结构 who is wearing a hat 也是一 个主谓结构，作了前一个主谓结构中主语 the boy的定语。因此本句 是复合句。1.1 was doing my homework when he came in. （I was doing my homework是一个主谓结构，he came in也是一个主谓

3、结构。后面一个主谓结构作前一个的时间状语。因此是复合句4 .The boy over there is my brother.（只有一个主谓结构，是简单句）5 . I was doing my homework at six.（只有一个主谓结构，是简单句）【小叮咛】一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构，那它就不是简单句了，要么是并列 句，要么是复合句。是并列句时要有and, so, but,等并列连词或用分号。是复合句时也要有连接词。总之，只用逗号而不用连接词简单的 把两个主谓结构连接到一起的句子是错误的。例如：误：I like English, my English is very good.正：I

4、 like English and my English is very good.正： As I like English, my English is very good.误：I have a house, its windows are very big.正：I have a house and its windows are very big.正：I have a house, whose windows are very big.二、主从复合句的时态1.在以when ,after,as soon a涔引导的时间状语从句以及以if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般

5、将来时，从句则用一般现 在时。例如：I'll tell her the good news when she comes back当她回来的时候,我将把这个好消息告诉她。If it doesn't rain, he will come here on time.如果不下雨，他会按时来这 儿的。2. 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，从句须用表示过去的某种时态。例如：He asked when they would go to the party.他问他们什么时候将去参加 聚会。Miss Green said she had been to Beijin

6、g before格林小姐说她以前曾经 去过北京。3. 在宾语从句中，当主句的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时，后面从句时态不受主句限制，可根据情况，选用各种适合的时态。例如：Do you know when we'll have a football match?你知道我们什么时候举 行足球赛吗？You know he has gone to ShanghW能知道他已去上海了。4. 当宾语从句表述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在的习惯动作以及格言等时，其时态不受主句限制，而用一般现在时。例如：The teacher told us that light travels fa

7、ster than sound. 老师告诉我们光速比音速要快。When I was a student, my teacher often told us that time and tide wait for no man. 当我还是学生的时候，老师常常告诉我们，岁月不等人。5. 在 "since 点时间"句型中， 主句通常用现在完成时， 从句用一般过去时。例如：He has worked at the factory since he came here® 从他来到J这儿，他就 一直在这家工厂上班。【小叮咛】在句型"It's+段时间+ sin

8、ce+从句"中，since后面的从句要 用一般过去时。例如：It's a long time since we met last. 自从我们上次见面以来已经有好长时间了。6. 在复合句中，如果主、从句表示的动作或状态都发生在过去，而且有先后，则在先的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。例如：When he got there, the train had left. 当他到那儿的时候，火车已经开了。He said he had visited the school before.!说他以前参观过那所学校。3、 it 引起的时间句型1. It + be + 时间 + since-

9、clause这个句型表示从since 从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为 " 自从 以来已多久了 " ，主句多用一般现在时，从句用一般过去时，如果表示过去的情况，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时，或主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。例如：It is three years since his father passed away .从现在算起()It was 10 years since they married .从过去算起()It had been fifteen years since she left Shanghai .从过去算起()30

10、years has passed since we joined the Party 从现在算起. ()2. It + be + 时间 + before-clause这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语(如： long years ,months , weeks , days ,hours , minutes )， 主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为 "过多长时间才"。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为"没过多长时间就"。主句的时态可用过去时 was或将来时will be;用was时， before 从句的动词用一般过去时；用 will be 时， befo

11、re 从句常用一般现在时。 例如：It was not long before she learned those poems by heart . 她没过多久就背会了那些诗歌。It was long before the police arrived .过了很久警察才来。It will be hours before he makes a decision . 要过好几个小时他才会作出决定。It will not be hours before meet again . 要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的。3. It + be + 时间 + when-clause这个句型中 , it 指时间，

12、而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间) 。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，主句是will be ， when 从句用一般现在时代替将来时。 例如：It was already 8 o'clock when we got home .It was the next morning when we finished our work .It will be midnight when they get there .4. It + be + 时间 + that-clause这个句型是个强调句型。例如：It was two years ago that h

13、e made an important invention .(原句是：He made an important invention two years ago . )It was at 5 o'clock that he practised playing the violin in the morning .(原句是： He practised playing the violin at 5 o'clock in the morning . ) 比较： It was 5 o'clock when he started in the morning .(5 o'

14、;clock前没有介词，这是个定语从句)5. It + be + time + that-clause这个句型属虚拟语气结构， 不管主句中用的是is 或 was ， that 从句都须用动词的过去式或should + 动词原型(但不及用过去式普通) ， 在time 之前有时可加上 high 或 about 以加强语气。例如：It is time(that)we handed in our exercises .(= It is time that we should hand in our exercises .)It is high time (that ) she wrote a lett

15、er to her boyfriend .6. It / This / That + the first(second , third .) time + that-clause这个句型表示截止到说话时为止的某人的一种经历， 关键是注意time 前有序数词， 主句是 is 时 ， 从句要用现在完成时； 如果主句用一般过去时 was ，则从句须相应地用过去完成时。例如：This is the first time (that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall .It was the fifth time (that) I had paid

16、a friendly visit to Africa .4、 It 代替从句作形式主语的常见句型1. it 代替连词 that 引导的从句作形式主语。1) it + be + 过去分词 + that 从句It's said that Tom has come back from abroad . 据说汤姆已经从国外回来了。It was reported that dozens of children died in the accident . 据报导， 数 十名儿童在事故中死亡。可用于该句型的过去分词还有： known , thought , told , believed , ho

17、ped , announced ,expected , decided , suggested,该句型常可以转 换成含有宾语从句的复合句或者含有不定式作主补的简单句。例如：It's said that Tom has come back from abroad .f People say that Tom has come back from abroad .f He is said to have cme back from abroad .2) It + be + 名词词组 + that 从句It's a pity that he can't swim for hi

18、s age . 真遗憾，就他的年龄来讲，他竟不会游泳。It's a wonder that you could finish such a hard task in such a short time .真奇怪，你竟能在如此短的时间内完成艰巨的任务。可用于该句型的名词词组还有： an honor , a good thing , a fact , a surprise , good news 等。3) It + be /seem + 形容词 + that 从句It is likely that they will beat us tonight .今晚很可能他们会赢我们。It does

19、n't seem that she will give us a hand . 她帮我们的可能性似乎不太大。可用于此句型的开容词还有； wonderful , true , good , right , wrong ,(un)important ,useless , surprising , clear , possible , unusual , lucky , certain 等。4) It + seem / appear / happen + that 从句It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much看来他非常喜欢流行歌曲。It appe

20、ars that Tom might change his mind看来汤姆会改变主意。It happened that I went out that day .碰巧我那天外出了。注意，句型4 可转换成含不定式的简单句。如上述句子可转换为：He seems to enjoy pop music very much .Tom appears to change his mind ./I happened to go out that day.2. it 代替连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作形式主语。1) It is known (not decided , not made clear , fo

21、und out , discussed , being discussed , being considered , a question , uncertain) + 连接代 词或连接副词引导的从句。It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet .我们将什么时候举行运动会还是一个问题。It is uncertain whether he can attend this conference or not . 他能否来开会还不能确定。2) It doesn't matter(doesn't matter to

22、o much , doesn't make too muchdifference 等) + 连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。例如：It doesn't matter whether we go together or separately . 我们一起去还是分开去都可以。It doesn't matter too much to me what you do or where you go .你做什么或去什么地方，对我都无关紧要。【小试牛刀】判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday af

23、ternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isn t there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a

24、 child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.t it?8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.11. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm.12. It

25、is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.13. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors.14. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat15. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only t

26、wo men working for him.Keys:1.简单句 2.复合句，The boy is called TomU：一个主谓结构 who offered me his seat也是一个主谓结构，为定语从句，作前一个主谓结 构中主语 the boy 的定语。3 .简单句，反义疑问句4 .简单句， my brother and I 是并歹U主语，后面 go to school和come back为并列谓语，因此也只有一个主谓结构。5 .并列句6 .含有时间状语从句的复合句。7 .并列句8 .复合句，what he said也是一个主谓结构，名词性从句作主语。9 .简单句，只有一个主谓结构

27、。10 .简单句，前面为并列主语。11 . and连接的并列句12 .由so连接的并列句13 .简单句14 . but连接前后为并列句，但后面又是一个含有定语从句的复合句。15 .含有让步状语从句的复合句。专题知识练习-复合句精练一1、The old lady ' s hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor this shaking had begun half a year before, and,only because ofthis, she had been forced to give up her job.A、w

28、hen; howB、how; whenC、how; howD、why;why 2、 ,he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. A、A quiet student as he may beB、Quiet student as he may beC、Be a quiet student as he mayD、Quiet as he may be astudent 3、He was educated at a local grammar school,he went on toCambridge. A、from whichB、af

29、ter thatC、after whichD、from this 4、that he managed to get the information. -Oh,a friend of his helped him. A、Where was it B、What was itC、How was itD、Why was it 5、George Orwell, was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A、the real name B、what his real nameC、his real nameD、whose real na

30、me 6、 We can not figure outquite a number of insects, birds, andanimals are dying out. A、thatB、asC、whyD、when7、is reported in the newspapers,talks between the two countries are making progress. A、ItB、AsC、ThatD、What8、We were told that we should follow the main road we reached the central railway stati

31、on. A、whenever B、untilC、whileD、wherever9、Jim passed the driving test, surprised everybody in the office. A、whichB、thatC、thisD、it10、The old tower must be saved,the cost.A、howeverB、whateverC、whicheverD、wherever11、Danby left word with my secretary he would call again in the afternoon. A、who B、thatC、asD

32、、which 12、-Did Jack come back early last night?-Yes. It was not yet eight oclock he arrived home.A、before B、whenC、that D、until13、Is that the small town you often refer to?-Right, just the oneyou kown I used to work for years.A、that B、whichC、where D、what14、There was never any time for Kate to feel lo

33、nely,she was anonly child.A、ever since B、now thatC、even thoughD、evenas15、Your uncle seems to be a good driver; I wouldn ' t dare to travel in his car.A、even soB、even thoughC、thereforeD、so15CCCCD610CBBAB1115BBCCA1、 ,Mother will wait for him to have dinner togetherA、However late is he B、However la

34、te he isC、However is he lateD、However he is late2、John may phone tonight.I don ' t want to go out he phones.A、as long as B、on order thatC、in caseD、so that3、After the war,a new school building was put up there had once been a theatre.A、that B、where C、whichD、when4、 If we work with a strong will,we

35、 can overcome any difficulties, great it is.A、what B、how C、howeverD、whatever5、Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?-Yes,I gave it to herI saw her.A、whileB、the momentC、suddenly D、once6、I thought her nice and honestI met her.A、first time B、for the first timeC、the first timeD、by the fir

36、st time7、youcall me tosay you're not coming,I,ll see you at thetheatre.A、Though B、Whether C、Until D、Unless8、Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park she was bitten on the leg by a lion.A、whenB、whileC、since D、once9、The gentleman you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A、whoB、a

37、bout whomC、whom D、with whom10、After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,ourastronauts desire to do is walk in space.A、whereB、what C、that D、how11、It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, for the first time in years their team won the world cup.A、thatB、while C、which D、when 1

38、2、 helps others will be helped.-So, I ' m thankful to and try to help has helped us.A、Whoever; whomeverB、Who; whoeverC、Whoever; whoeverD、Who; whomever13、 It was twelve o ' clock they finished the work.A、sinceB、which C、thatD、when14、-1 can ' t find Mr.Brown. Where did you meet him this mor

39、ning?-It was in the hotelhe stayed.A、thatB、which C、whereD、when15、The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs they are being trained.A、in that B、for that C、in whichD、for which15BCBCB 610CDABB1115DCDCD精练二1、 The way he did it was differentwe were used to.A、in which

40、B、in whatC、from what D、from which2、This food is comforting, the season is.A、wheneverB、howeverC、wherever D、whatever3、I have never spoken ill of Mary.- you don ' t like her.A、IfB、Because C、So thatD、Though4、Have you seen such an interesting film as“The Return of theKing Lord of the Rings ” ?Oh,yes,

41、 but it wasI was at college.A、that B、since C、when D、/5、 is known to us all is that honesty is the best policy.A、What B、WhichC、As D、It6、You ' d better give the task toyou think can succeed in carryingit out ahead of time.A、whomeverB、whoeverC、anyoneD、no matterwho7、It was in the lab was taken charg

42、e of by Professor Black they did the experiment.A、that; whereB、which; thatwhereC、whom; thatD、which;8、He went to New York in 2000, a millionaire.A、whenB、which9、In the distance there is a hill,only two years later,he becameC、thatD、wherestands a white tower.A、on the top of it B、on the top of thereC、on

43、the top of whereD、on the top of which 10、was natural, he married Mary.A、WhichB、ThatC、This D、As 11、I don t like the way he spoke to me.A、thatB、whichC、in that D、by which12、Mother was worried because Alice was ill, especially Father was away in France.A、asB、thatC、during D、if13、He sent the letter by air

44、 mail it might reach them in good time.A、because B、so as to C、so that D、foran engineer, met with a storm14、In an open boat, the three men, on the sea.B、one of whom wasD、one of whom were610BBDDDA、one of them wereC、one of them was15CDDCA 1114AACB精练四1、 It was ordered that all the soldiers to the front.A、should