AnAnalysisoftheAbjectFateofaSmallPotato------Julien本科英语专业毕业论

1、AnAnalysisoftheAbjectFateofaSmallPotatoJulienIntroductionNovelRedandBlackhasbeenpublishedaboutthehistoryof200years,thenovelreflectstheexperienceofyoungpettybourgeoisieuniversaldestiny.ThenovelshowsusJulian?sabjectfate.The“BlackofthetitlerepresentstheRomanCatholicChurch.The"Red"isabroadersy

2、mbol,suggestingtheRevolution,theRepublic,theEmpireofNapoleon,andmoregeneralizedconceptsofcourageanddaring.JulienisaferventadmirerofNapoleon,isborntoolatefortheRed,buthe“knowshowtochoosetheuniformofhiscenturyandoptsforthepriesthood.Thenovelis,inthisregard,asatiricportrayalofFranceundertheRestoration,

3、theconservativereactionthatfollowedtheEmpireandthatdependedforitscontinuanceuponrepressingyoungmenlikeJulien.InhisflamingspeechathistrialJulienaccuseshisaccusersofbeingnobetterthanhimselfandofpunishinghimforbeing“aplebianinrevolt.”Inthisnovel,theauthorshowsusJuien?sabjectfate.Ineventhefailureiscause

4、dbythetimesandsociety,inturn,thecomplexityofhischaracterdecision.Restorationinthatdarkera,evenasacivilianintellectualinordertogaintheirsocialstatus,tothearistocraticbourgeoisiethespiritofresistanceandstruggleshouldgivetheaffirmative.Hisadmirationofthecharacterisdifficult,nodoubtatthetimeandprogressi

5、ve.Evenashortnovelbytheherointhetragedyoflife,andhisupperclasssociety,withthetenaciousenemycombatants,fullyexposedthereactionaryrestorationofmonarchy,thedark.Ineventheshortlifeexperienceshowsthat,asinthearistocraticsocietywillneverallowevenoriginofsuchacivilianyouthamongtheupperranksofsociety.Julien

6、issupercilious,enthusiasm,determination,butselfish,skeptical.Growingwereblindedbytheupperclassinsocietycorruptseventhesoul;hecontributedtotheupwarddesireandambitions.Eveninthedarkterrorseminary,witnessedmanipulatestrategically,revealstheuglyinside,soheofferedadouble-dealingtactics,suchbehaviorhasbee

7、ntheduplicityofthetableandpatronsstare.Seminarylivesevenfurtherdistortedinthecharacter,andstrengthenhisclimbingambitionsandhypocrisystyle.SothereasonofJulian?sfatehasmanyaspects.Thebackground,Julien?scharacterandhislovewithtwowomenallresultJulien?sabjectfate.Iwilllistfromthenext.ChapterOneBackground

8、TheRedandBlackthebookincirculationrevolutionizedinJuly,1830before,takeschargeofsoupreachesunexpectedlypictureisunderstandsclearlyhistoricalmovementthisoneinevitablytendsto.TheRedandBlackwasjustasintegralapartofthe1830Revolutionastheactualfightingitself1.1 AuthersBackgroundBornHenriBeylein1783inFranc

9、e,Stendhalwasperhapsthemostinfluentialnovelistofthenineteenthcentury,inspiringsuchwritersasBalzac,Flaubert,andZola.Stendhallivedinaworldwroughtbypoliticalandculturalchange.HewassixyearsoldwhentheRevolutionof1789began,youngenoughtoapproveofthenewrepublicbutalsooldenoughtorememberabsolutismunderLouisX

10、VI.TiredofParis,Stendhalyearnedforamoreadventurouslife.HegothischanceafterNapoleonBonaparte?scoupd?etatin1799.Eagerformilitaryglory,StendhalbecameanardentsupporterofNapoleonandenlistedintheFrencharmyin1800.ForthenextfourteenyearshefoughtinpracticallyallofNapoleon?scampaigns,achievinggloryinItalyandA

11、ustria,butalsosufferingbitterdefeatatthehandsofRussiaandGreatBritain.Napoleon?sfallwasalsoStendhal?s.HewasforcedtofleetoItalyastheBourbonmonarchywasreestablishedintheplaceofthe(Napoleonic)Empire.Thisperiod,knownastheRestoration,markedatimeofintensepoliticaldebate.Thefadingaristocracyorconservativest

12、riedtoreintroduceabsolutismandconsolidatepoliticalpowerintheCatholicChurchandtheArmy.ButarisingmiddleclasswithcommercialandindustrialinterestshadbecomeadominantsocialforcethroughoutFrance.Thisbourgeoisie,nostalgicfortheglorydaysoftheRevolutionandNapoleon,soughtareturntoaconstitutionalmonarchyandmore

13、laissez-faireeconomicpolicy.StendhalAsamemberofthiseducatedbourgeoiseliteandexiledsupporterofNapoleon,StendhalsupportedtheJuly1830Revolution,whichestablishedaconstitutionalmonarchyandareturntothevaluesof1789.AssoonasthefirstParisianshadtakenuparms,StendhalbeganwritingTheRedandtheBlack.Subtitled“AChr

14、onicleof1830,noveltopaintaportraitofFrenchsocietyduringthefinaldaysoftheRestoration.TracingtheadventuresofJulienSorel,who,likeStendhalhimself,isawell-educatedbourgeoisliberalandadmirerofNapoleon,TheRedandtheBlackexposestheclimacticpoliticaltensionleadingtothe1830Revolution.Fromtheprovincialnobilityt

15、otheCatholicChurch,totheeliteParisianaristocracy,Stendhaldepictsasocietyabouttoundergoaprofoundchange-achangethatthedyingaristocracywillnotlivetosee.Stendhaldecidedtotakethemodelofhistoricalfictiononestepfurtherbywritingaboutacontemporaryevent,the1830Revolution.Unlikeotherexamplesofhistoricalfiction

16、,suchasDumas?TheThreeMusketeers,Stendhalsoughttoexposemodern-daypoliticaltensionsandcorruptionratherthaneventsofthepast.ThereisthusacertainamountofurgencyinStendhal?swriting,denyinghisreadersthenoveltyofataleaboutchivalryandtheoldregime.Instead,theyareforcedtoexaminetheflawsandconsequencesoftheirown

17、society.Inthislight,TheRedandBlackwasjustasintegralapartofthe1830Revolutionastheactualfightingitself.1.2 SocialBackgroundThewriterwritingunfolds,firstisentireFrenchsociety?sonetypicalwindowsmallcityVarriale?spoliticalpattern.ThearistocratisbornGermanSwitzerlandthatmayorisrestoresthedynastyinherehigh

18、estrepresentative,themaintenancerestorationpoliticalpower,preventsthebourgeoisiefreepartymemberisinpowerinpoliticsregardsastheinherentresponsibilities.PoorcollectionpostmanagerValnothepromiseoriginallyisthepettybourgeois,asaresultofhiresoneselfthechurchsecretorganizationsaintcanobtainthenowthefatdif

19、ference,thusoneselfwithrestorationpoliticalpowerhitchinsameplace.TranscriptionhallFatherMaslonisthespywhichthechurchsends,allpeople?swordsanddeedsallunderhissurvei8llance,thetimewhichmutuallysupportsinthiskingplaceandthesacrificialaltar,ispersonwhichwieldsgreatpowerwithgreatarrogance.Thesethreepeopl

20、econstitute“ThreeheadssRectedtherestorationinfluencetheaspectwhichyouthecityarrogatedallpowerstooneselfinVarriale.Buttheiropposite,isalargenumber,hasthehugeeconomicpotentialityaggressivebourgeoisiefreepartymember.Stendhaldescribestothepeopleguaranteeskingpartymember?sbedomineeringandtyrannical,onthe

21、onehandagainletthepeopledrawsuchconclusion:Graspshastheeconomicpotentialitythebourgeoisie,alsowilldecideinpoliticsisthefinalvictor.TheRedandBlackthebookincirculationrevolutionizedinJuly,1830before,takeschargeofsoupreachesunexpectedlypictureisunderstandsclearlyhistoricalmovementthisoneinevitablytends

22、to.1.3 FamilyBackgroundJulien,whoisthekeyfigureinthisnovel,isthenineteen-year-oldsonofawoodcutterintheprovincialtownofVerrires.HewasasonofacarpenterinVerrieres,inwhicheverypeoplewasselfish,arrogantandeagertobemoneybags.Julianandhisfathercannotgetalongwitheachother.Hisfatherandbrothersoftenhithim.Jul

23、ienissensitiveandscholarly,andisunsuitedtothetradeofhisfather.Julienhasromanticdreamsofachievingpowerandglory,andofovercominghislowsocialstatusasthesonofatradesman.HedreamsofbeinglikeNapoleon,butseesthatmilitaryabilityisnotpresentlythebestwaytohaveasuccessfulcareer.Thus,hedecidestoprepareforacareeri

24、nthechurchratherthaninthearmy.HestudiestheologywithFatherChlan,theeighty-year-oldpriestofthelocalparish.ChapterTwoTheCausesoftheTragediesThisnovelshowsusthetragediesofJulien?s.TherearesomereasonsforJulien?stragedies.Thistragedyreflectsthesmallpotato?sabjectfate.Julien?sstatusandhischaractersalsodete

25、rminedhistragedies.2.1 JuliensClassStatusThroughouthisextremelyshort-lived,butfullofturbulenceintheyounglife,flowingwithtoomanycontradictionsandcomplicated.Inthisregard,peoplecanmakealotofjudge-isasmallprivatelyownedbythetragedyoftheblindpursuitofpersonalinterests;ananti-feudalwarriorsacrifices,etc.

26、Eachhastheirownviews,buttheyarewithinreason.Civilianorigin,highcultureandtheFamily,teachers,andthehostesstookplaceromance,thingsexposed,shotlover,wassentencedtodeath,theskeletonofhislife,“thappiness“warm”and“perseverance”,andclassdifferencesresistanceshownbytheheroicspiritisalmosttouchingthefleshand

27、blood.Theauthorsusedwaterdownthematerialdescribedandprominenttrackapproachtostrengthentheheart,itisnoteveninyoungpeople?simpulsewastopursue“HerooftheDream”experience,andthisisthatsocietyformsofresistance,isalsoamediocrity,wastedyouth?sresistance.Promisingyoungpeopleineventhesurfaceisdestroyedinthemo

28、rbidlove,isactuallydestroyedasickFrenchsocietyatthattime.Julienisyoung,handsome,strong-minded,smartandcompetent,whowantstorelyonindividualeffortsandstruggleupperclass.Noblesouls,despisedirtyfilthythingssupercilious,enthusiasm,determination,butselfish,skeptical.Inmonkspowerelite,powerfulfamilysystems

29、ternfeudalsociety,anddiscriminatedagainstbybirthcivilians.Suchoppressionofthestatusofhisgrowingdiscontentwiththereality:theimpactofEnlightenmentthoughtandcaughtupinhisanti-character.HedecidedtorelyonindividualtalentslikeNapoleon,ameritorious,fine.Butinrestorationperiod,Napoleon-stylerankoftheRoadhas

30、beenclosedbytheeliteclass.Onthisrockbeneathevergreentreestogrowalong.Inordertogetevenwithheralltheknowledgethatworthless,yettheLatinofthe“NewTestament1b”ackinverse.RecitehisamazingabilitytolethimintothehomeofthemayorofVictoriaAguilarYeFall,whenafamilyofteachers.SwitzerlandambiguousrelationshipwithM.

31、deRenalwasoccurred,mostlyinresistanceandretaliationforhisabuseofeliteclass.However,growing,wereblindedbytheupperclassinsocietycorruptseventhesoul,hecontributedtotheupwarddesireandambitions.Eveninthedarkterrorseminary,witnessedmanipulatestrategically,revealstheuglyinside,soheofferedadouble-dealingtac

32、tics,suchbehaviorhasbeentheduplicityofthetableandpatronsstare.Seminarylifeevenfurtherdistortedinthecharacterandstrengthenhisclimbingambitionsandhypocrisystyle.InthecompanytologwhenthePrivateSecretary?smarquisafterexposingcivilians,althoughnottheclassideology,butbythemarquistrusted,eveninthe“civilian

33、classtreasonheart2”hasdisappeared.Hebecameafaithfulrestorationdynastypawns.Asasteptowardshiminthecompanyforthe“bright”,asaresultoffiringGeandSwitzerlandthatMpleteruintheirfuture,theirpresentahead.2.2 TheCharacteristicofJulien2.2.15 elf-respectandSelf-abasedJulienisveryawareofthesocialclassdifference

34、betweenhimselfandMadamedeRenal.Whenhefallsinlovewithher,itisthefirsttimethathehaseverfalleninlove,buthetriestoplaythepartofamanwhoisaccustomedtobrilliantsuccesswithwomen.Heisawkwardandclumsy,andisunsophisticated,butiseagertolearntheelegantmannersofaristocraticsociety.Becauseheisacutelyawareofthesoci

35、alclassdifferencebetweenhimselfandMadamedeRnal,heinitiallyquestionshersincerity.Thus,hisloveforherbecomesaformofambitiontotrytoovercomehisownfeelingsofinferiority.Hisgoalistohavepowerandcontroloveranobleandbeautifulwoman.Atthesametime,hisunstablesenseofprideandself-esteemmakeshimverysensitivetoanype

36、rceivedslightorhumiliationbyMonsieurdeRenalorbyothermembersofaristocraticsociety.Julienhasromanticdreamsofachievingpowerandglory,andofovercominghislowsocialstatusasthesonofatradesman.HedreamsofbeinglikeNapoleon,butseesthatmilitaryabilityisnotpresentlythebestwaytohaveasuccessfulcareer.Thus,hedecidest

37、oprepareforacareerinthechurchratherthaninthearmy.HestudiestheologywithFatherChdan,theeighty-year-oldpriestofthelocalparish.JulienfallsinlovewithMadamedeRenal.SheistenyearsolderthanJulien,butshehasneverreallylovedherhusband,whomarriedherwhenshewassixteen.Sheisveryreligiousanddevout,butshefallspassion

38、atelyinlovewithJulien.JulienisveryawareofthesocialclassdifferencebetweenhimselfandMadamedeRenal.Whenhefallsinlovewithher,itisthefirsttimethathehaseverfalleninlove,buthetriestoplaythepartofamanwhoisaccustomedtobrilliantsuccesswithwomen.Heisawkwardandclumsy,andisunsophisticated,butiseagertolearntheele

39、gantmannersofaristocraticsociety.BecauseheisacutelyawareofthesocialclassdifferencebetweenhimselfandMadamedeRnal,heinitiallyquestionshersincerity.Thus,hisloveforherbecomesaformofambitiontotrytoovercomehisownfeelingsofinferiority.Hisgoalistohavepowerandcontroloveranobleandbeautifulwoman.Atthesametime,

40、hisunstablesenseofprideandself-esteemmakeshimverysensitivetoanyperceivedslightorhumiliationbyMonsieurdeRenalorbyothermembersofaristocraticsociety.2.2.16 uliensambitionJulienisthecommonestinlowerclass,hehasambitionthatchanginghismortalstatuswhichpreventshimfromenteringupperclassandhavinghighlyself-de

41、velopment,althoughhistacticsseemedtooharshor,atleast,aggressive,hehadsparednoefforttopursuitwhathebelievesbelongstohisinnerheart,letalonelovebetweenM.deRenalandMathilde.WhatcausedJulien?sdeathwasnothisimmoralorillegalbehaviorsbuttheneedofthepolitician?snastycompetitionforrespectivepoliticalprofits.J

42、ulienSorelisanopportunist,whothinksthathehasadutytoachievepowerandglory.Julienthinksofhimselfasanextraordinaryman,likeNapoleon,andbelievesthatheisbeyondanyordinarylimitation.Headoptsaphilosophythat,theendjustifiesthemeans.?Hebelievesthattheextraordinaryman,whohasabraveandnobleheart,hastherighttotake

43、anyactiontoreachhisgoal.Juliensays,inthepenultimatechapterofthenovel,thatthereisnosuchthingasaurallaw.Hebelievesthatanactionbecomesunlawfulonlywhenthereisaparticularlawforbiddingit,andthattheonlythingthatisnaturalisthestruggleforpowerandsurvival.Julienresentshislowsocialposition,andthecondescensionw

44、ithwhichheistreatedbythearistocracy.Heisangeredbytheirsenseofsuperiority.Hefeelshumiliatedwheneverhehastoconfronthisownlackofwealthandsophistication.Atthesametime,hewantstolivelikethearistocratswhomhedisdains.Heisfascinatedbythelifeofthewealthyandpowerful.WhenJulienfallsinlovewithMadamedeRnal,hislov

45、ebecomesaformofambitiontohavepowerandcontroloveranaristocraticandbeautifulwoman.WhenhefallsinlovewithMathildedelaMole,hisloveagainbecomesaformofambitiontohavepowerandcontrol.HedecidesthatthedifferencebetweentheloveofMadamedeRnalandtheloveefMathildedelaMoleisthattheformertriestofindreasonsfordoingwha

46、therheartdemands,whilethelatterletsherheartbemovedonlyafterbeinggivengoodreasonsthatitshouldbemoved.ThisdualityinthetemperamentofJulienloversreflectsthedualityinhischaracter.ChapterThreeJulien'sLoveThereisnodoubt,“RedandBlack“intheparagraphdescribingthemostexcitingpassagesoflove,wasnotevenhiswif

47、e,andM.deRenal,inafewspecialcompaniesandMathildedelaMole,thereisstillasmallaffairandshouldnotbeforgotten-ADreamTanzania?Bina.Thistextpassesforconnectingwiththesethreepiecesofcomplicatedloveexperiences,describeaccordingtothepsychologyinthebook,toanalyzeJulien?scontradictionpersonalitycharacteristic.A

48、ndalsohelptobringaboutJulien?stragedy.3.1 ThelovewithM.deRenalJulien?sloveisverystrange,19-year-oldwithnohistoryofcontactattheopportunitytolove,butitmakeshimfallinlovewithM.deRenal.JulienfallsinlovewithMadamedeRenal.SheistenyearsolderthanJulien,butshehasneverreallylovedherhusband,whomarriedherwhensh

49、ewassixteen.Sheisveryreligiousanddevout,butshefallspassionatelyinlovewithJulien.JuliencanbeexpressedwithinaninewordsjustmetADreamTan?Binalove.HeandMathildedelaMole?sspecialloveforthebone-chillingandeventuallyevenhypocriticalandannoyinggreasyintheend.BecauseofthesensitiveandsuspiciousJulien,Julienand

50、hisloveofthepeople?smindisalwaysafarcryfrommore“sincere"inloveInstead,whereADreamTan?Bi.Onlythistimelovewasevenashortperiodofrelativelyeasyintheenvironmentcanbefreetoenjoytheloveobject,ratherthandopingsocialethicsandpoliticalfactors.EvenearlyinBesancon,ishishandsomeappearance,rarewordsanddeedso

51、fgenuinedecentrise,“Yingyingapairofbigblueeyes,andgentle3inADreamTan?Bina?sattention,butinevenislikethegeneralstrikes,rusheda“beautifulyounglady.4"ThisistypicaloftheFrenchpeopleloveromanticway,itisverybriefonbehalfofthemeaningofloveisverygoodatnotevenhaveaverynaturalchoicestandards,standardsoft

52、hebirthofthesituationbeforethebirthofthestandardofbeauty,thatis,thenaturalattractionbetweenmenandwomen,sexualattraction,foritisnaturalinlovewiththestandards,aslongastherelativelysimpleenvironment,ineventheordinarypeoplehaveislove,inthecompanyarealsogoingtobeeasysincerelyandfranklytogoboldlytopursueh

53、ishappiness.Thiscriterionwelookatloveinconnectionwiththeothertwo.M.deRenalwasnotevenonthefirstimpressionistoseeM.deRenal?spleasantpupiloftheeye,heartsatisfiedfirstontheremovedhalf.Beamazedatherbeauty,theythen5”forgeteverything,evenwhyevencometoseemtohaveforgottenit.3.2 MathildedelaMoleJulienontheMat

54、hildedelaMole,specialchildren?sfirstimpressionisHowever,undercarefullylookedathisselfishnessacknowledgedthatsuchabeautifuleyes,Daohai6neverseen.Wasevenintheconquestofthelove,lovetheexcessiveselfishnessandself-esteemisakindofbadhabitsinordertoconquerattitudeindealingwithloveitselfisagreatmistake.Exam

55、pleisaveryhelpless,Switzerlandwasgiveninconnectionwithhiswife,concernedabouttheintentiontogiveineventhehonorafewshirtsonwithfurious,thisangerpouredintotheSwissladywhowasreallyintherightplace,Switzerland,thathiswife,eventhesimplecarefullytoloseinafewdaysisnotconnected,buttheLordMayor,whereacompletely

56、differentlook,M.deRenalputonevenwhentheservanttothecostofapass,thenthrewinthefacetofacewithonehundredfrancs,when,inevenonlywrysmile.Julien!Wasconnectedtotheconquesthasalwaysbeenlovetheirpeople,sothattheysubordinatetheirownlove,makesacrifices,ineventhedeepestsuspicionisalsodedicatedtothoselovers,this

57、isnotsomepathetic.HistwoloveexperiencesweretinhtlyrelatedtothesocialwindandcloudthattimeanditwasoneaspectofclassstruggleJulienindeedfellinlovewithM.deRenal,buthewasonlyoutofakindofrevengefulthroughagainstdignitaryattheverybeginning.thereby,whenfirstseizingonherhands,hefeltthatitwasnotthehappinessout

58、oflove,butnapoleon?svctoryofambitionandsoul.Itismorelikethesatisfactionofrelation.Iftherewasmuchoflovebetweentheminpursuitofher.Theremusthavebeennolovebetweenthembutapoliticalgame.MathildedelaMolewasahaughtyandwillfulnobleyounggirl.ShewasprofoundlyinfluencedbyFrenchRevolution.Shethoughtthatiftherewo

59、uldhavebeenanewrevolution.ThedominatorofthissocietymustbetheenergeticyoungpeoplelikeJulienandmarryinghimwasnotonlyromanticbutalsodependable.Bycontrast,Julienbelievedthathewouldhavemarriedher,Hecouldpromotehispositionandrapidadvancementinhiscareerandmanagedtocheatherlove.ToJulienhistwoloveswerefailedwithoutanysurprise,hislovewillneverbeallowedbysuperior.ConclusionStendhalsaid:“Aperson?shappinessdoesnotdependonthewiseeyesoftheappearanceofthings,b