常用专业英语词汇

1、i通用General法规，规范code标准standard暂行标准tentative standard达到标准come up to the standard定标准fix (set up) a standard标书，技术规格specification要求requirement满足要求fulfill requirement细则regulation规则rule法律law条款provision总则general provision附带条件，限制性条款proviso判樨criterion (pl. criteria)约定条件stipulation合同规定on the stipulation that合同

2、contract签订合同sign a contract拟订合同draw up a contract违约breach of contract代理人mandatory强制性的mandatory, restrictive非强制性的optional条件condition符合conform to (with)遵守comply with确认confirm证书certificate认可approve (v), approval (n.)接收accept(v.), acceptance(n.),acceptable (a.)评定qualify (v.) qualification (n.)满足meet许可pe

3、rmit拒收reject废品rejection鉴别identify提交submit to论证demonstrate公约conventionarbitration公证notarization公证人public notary商检commodity inspection & testing独立检验员independent inspector业主代表representative of S / V业主owner委托人client签署sign要求request监理员supervisor, surveyor检查鉴定survey检查inspect, check,验证verify目击，见证witness

4、禁止prohibit建议recommend满息的satisfactory授权authorize文件document审查review监控monitor测定detect逐个检验individual inspection抽样检验sampling inspection, cross check巡检touring inspection, patrol inspection评价evaluate试验test实验experimentspecimen可跟踪性traceability预先具有资格prequalify判定，评价judge责任responsibility, obligation, duty折衷，兼顾c

5、ompromise官方'，管理局authority样本sample保证assure通知单notification通知notify (v.) notice (n.)会议纪要minutes数量quantity质量quality质量控制quality control(Q.C)质量保证quality assurance(Q.A)缺陷defect损坏damage临界的critical受控文件valid document停止点hold point(H)交货delivery竣工图as-built drawing原始记录original record传阅recycle批注comment答复reply紧

6、急urgent宣读read out直线度straightness垂直度perpendicular平整度flatness同心度concentricity同轴度axiality平行度parallelism圆度roundness平面度planeness随机的random不平uneven空心hollow同心concentricity偏心eccentric表面粗糙度surface roughness尺寸公差dimension tolerance允许误差admissible error上偏差upper deviation下偏差lower deviation尺寸dimension长度length宽度widt

7、h、k 1、< 身度height厚度thickness深度depth跨度span直径diameter半径radius外径outer diameter内径inner diameter口径caliber径向跳动runout端面跳动endface runout中心线偏斜lack of alignment弯曲flexure, bending斜度slope角度angle对角线diagonal平行线parallel中心线center line斜线oblique line切线tangential line轮廓线contour line原点，起点original指标index转速rotary speed

8、方向direction指南guide选定choose选择select挑选pick炉批号heat / plate number, heat batch炉、批lot or heat编制drafting签发sign & issue执行performance报标invitation for tender投标tender , bid开标bid opening中标success of bid询价inquiry标价quotation of prices, offer不相符non-conformance遗漏omission去掉remove更换renew修补repair几何形状geometry型号mod

9、el暂时temporarily测量measure附件annex , attachment修正amend型材bar stock湿气moisture发出issue填写fill in开工会kick-off meeting试运行trial operation间距interval承包商contractor分保商subcontractor供货商supplier操作错误operate missing签证visa敲打检查hammering test拉伸试验tensile test冲击韧性impact toughness冲击功impact work抗拉强度tensile strength屈服强度yield st

10、rength弯曲角angle of bending冲击韧性试验impact cupping test压扁试验squeezing test侧弯试验side bend test背弯试验root bend test回弯试验face bend test纵弯试验axial bend test硬度试验hardness test破断延伸率percentage of elongation of break断面收缩率percentage seduction of area无损检测nondestructive test (NDT)破坏试验destructive test外观检查visual examination

11、超声波探伤ultrasonic test (UT)射线探伤radiographic test(RT)磁粉探伤magnetic particle test (MT)渗透探伤penetrant test (PT)密封性试验leak test气密试验air tight test压力试验pressure test水压试验hydraulic test气压试验pneumatic test冲水试验fill water test宏观组织检查macroscopic examination微观组织检查microcosmic examination侵蚀erosion底片radiographic test film变

12、形distortion永久变形permanent deformation拱度，凸起camber凸出protrusion凹进concave挠度deflection旁弯lateral flexure超出protrude beyond清除decontaminate失败，故障failure断裂fracture塌陷，凹陷collapse中断discontinuity裂缝crack发裂flaw龟裂fissure毛细裂纹capillary crack起始裂纹incipient crack断层裂纹fault fissure积水stagnant water船舱cabinProcessing 加工工艺加工proc

13、essing, working工艺学technology工艺技术technique工艺的technologic工位station, position工序procedure, operation工步step车间shop, workshop工厂mill, factory, manufacturer工地、现场site外场yard, field侧面side断面section结构structure, construction构件部件member, component零件part, element机构mechanism装置device机件machinery机械零件mechanical element基准d

14、atum水平基准线horizontal reference line精度accuracy余量allowance组件assemble分装件subassemble包装package外协件cooperation外购件purchase part备件spare part裸装件nudes散装件odd lot, odds & ends拆包unpackaging工件workpiece装箱单packing list焊接welding对接焊butt welding角焊fillet welding搭接焊lap welding船形焊fillet welding in down hand塞焊plug weldi

15、ng平焊down hand welding横焊horizontal position welding立焊vertical position welding仰焊overhead position welding全位置焊all position welding平角焊horizontal fillet welding仰角焊fillet welding in the overhead衬垫焊welding with backing单面焊双向成形one-sideweldingwithbackformation定位焊tack welding堆焊surfacing返修焊rewelding补焊repair we

16、lding隔离层堆焊buttering手工焊manual welding自动焊automatic welding焊条电弧焊shielded metal arc welding(SMAW)埋弧焊submerged arc welding(SAW)气保焊gas shielded arc welding瀛弧焊argon arc welding鸨极敏弧焊argon tungsten arc welding熔化极惰性气体保护焊MIG鸨极惰性气体保护焊TIG活性气体保护电弧焊metal active-gas arc welding (MAG)双气保焊carbon-dioxide arc welding药芯

17、焊丝CO 气保焊arcos arc process, dual shielded arc welding单面焊welding by one side双向焊welding by both sides单道焊single pass welding多道焊multi-pass welding单层焊single layer welding多层焊multi-layer welding连续焊continuous welding断续焊intermittent welding打底焊backing welding盖面焊cosmetic welding分段退焊backstep welding纵缝longitudina

18、l seam横缝transverse seam环缝circumferential seam螺旋缝spiral seam坡口groove坡口面groove face坡口面角度bevel angle坡口角度groove angle坡口高度groove depth钝边root face钝边高度thickness of root face根部间隙root gap根部半径root radius根部锐边root edgeI型坡口square groove坡形板边（削薄）tapered edge焊缝表面weld face焊缝背面back of weld焊缝尺寸size of weld焊缝厚度throat t

19、hickness熔深penetration焊缝成形appearance of weld余高reinforcement背面余高root reinforcement焊脚leg焊根weld root焊趾weld toe凸形角焊缝convex fillet weld凹形角焊缝concave fillet weld交错断续角焊缝staggered intermittent fillet weld并列断续角焊缝chain intermittent fillet weldt焊缝seal weld熔透焊缝penetration bead保留垫板permanent临时垫板temporary backing垫板b

20、acking铜垫板copper backing, copper chill plate焊剂垫flux backing引弧板run-on tab end tab引出板run-off tab end tab引弧arc start, arc burning熄弧arc outage, arc blowout焊接工艺评定weldingprocedurequalification(WPQ)焊接工艺规程weldingprocedurespecification(WPS)焊接工艺参数welding parameter焊工考试welder qualification test焊接电流welding curren

21、t电弧电压arc voltage焊接速度weld travel speed预热preheat后热postheat层间温度interpass temperature焊后热处理post weld heat treatment焊接划、境welding surroundings清根root back gouged, back chipping清渣slag removal定位板（马strong-back电弧偏吹arc flow熔滴droplet相妾splice焊缝清理weld cleaning气刨gouge批凿chip锤击peening捻缝caulking中间焊层intermediate weld la

22、yer划线mark off熔渣slag焊缝穿越孔weld access hole焊态as-weld过热组织overheated structure魏氏组织Widmannst? tten structure层状偏析lamellar segregation熔合线bound line热影响区heat-affected zone (HAZ)碳当量carbon equivalent晶间腐蚀intercryctalline corrosion敏化区腐蚀weld decay焊接残余应力welding residual stress消除应力stress relieving退火消除应力stress reliev

23、ing by annealing焊接残余变形welding residual deformation角变形angular distortion波浪变形wave-like deformation扭曲twisted收缩shrinkage反变形backward deformation刚性固定rigid fixing校正straighten火焰校正flame straightening焊接缺陷weld defect裂纹crack层状撕裂lamellar tearing气孔blowhole密集气孔porosity虫形气孔worm hole咬边undercut焊瘤overlap凹坑pit烧穿burn th

24、rough塌陷excessive penetration未焊透incomplete penetration未熔合incomplete fusion未焊满Incompletely filled weld根部缺陷root concaving电弧擦伤arc scratch, arc strike夹渣slag inclusion白点fish eye错边dislocation,mismatching, misalignment分层stratification嵌条insert飞溅spatter机械擦伤mechanical damage焊缝成形差rough weld锤痕hammering pit麻点pock

25、边缘不平整rough edge剥落peel弧坑crater焊道曲折zigzag weld外形规整smooth contour歪斜crooked翘曲warping焊接材料welding consumables焊条electrode酸性焊条acid electrode碱性焊条basic electrode低氢焊条low hydrogen type electrode焊齐Iwelding flux焊丝welding wire镀铜焊丝copper -plating welding wire药心焊丝flux-cored wire电弧焊机arc welding machine弧焊电源arc welding

26、 power source焊条保温筒thermostat for electrode干燥箱dryer地线earth lead地线夹头earth clamp平台platen滚轮架turning roll胎架placentas压缩空气compressed air焊接量规weld gauge测温笔tempil stick打磨grind (ground)焊钳electrode holder砂轮机grinder钢丝刷wire brush砂纸sand-paper砂布emery cloth气焊gas welding氧乙快焊oxy-acetylene welding热喷涂thermal spraying气割g

27、as cutting电弧切割arc cutting等离子弧切割plasma arc cutting (PAC)空气等离子弧切割air plasma arc cutting仿形切割shape cutting数控切割NC cutting碳弧气刨carbon arc air gouging坡口切割bevel cutting切割面质量quality of cut face缺口notch挂渣adhering slag结瘤dross周边焊around welding电弧偏吹arc blow焊态as-welded焊接熔池weld pool焊接区weld region送丝速度wire feed speed反变

28、形backward deformation收缩笠形contraction deformation翘曲变形deflection deformation油漆painting底漆primer painting, under coating中层漆intermediary painting面漆finishing painting, top coating锌粉底漆硬化剂curing agent, hardener溶剂solvent溶剂气化solvent boiling稀释剂thinner环氧富锌漆epoxy zinc rich primer磷化漆Phosphorized painting沥青asphalt

29、表面预处理surface pretreatment喷砂sand blasting口WAshot blasting除锈rust removal, derusting除漆depainting脱脂，除油Degreasing,degrease除氧化皮scaling喷涂spray painting刷涂brushing防锈antirust辐涂roller-painting电镀electroplating镀锌galvanized腻子putty舌1腻子puttying擦净scouring晾干airing嵌填implant防滑面漆finishing non-slip paint清漆varnish防锈漆rust

30、preventive paint(oil)防锈脂antirust grease防锈纸rust preventive paper搅拌stirring条纹状涂层stripe coating色素pigment沉淀sediment无空气喷漆airless spray相对湿度relative air humidity湿度计moisture gauge, psychomotor粗躁度profile roughness干膜厚度dry film thickness (D.F.T)湿膜厚度wet film thickness (W.F.T.)膜厚仪film thickness gauge粘度计viscosity

31、 meter露天open含水量moisture content混合比例mixing ratio风向fan angle清洁度cleanliness覆盖度coverage露点测量器dew point calculation汽化flash off再喷涂最小间隔minimum recoating interval附着力试验paint adherence test, cross-hatch test附着力adhesion密度density起泡blistering气泡bubble气孔blowhole针孔pin hole起皱wrinkling, crumple凹坑pitting流淌running流挂sagg

32、ing起皮peeling桔皮状orange peeling发黑blackening泛黄yellowing开裂cracking颜色和光泽不均匀uneven colour & gloss涂层中夹灰和砂retention of dust &sand厚度不均匀uneven thickness of film露底holiday剥落peel off脱皮spalling刷痕brush mark渗色bleeding自然老化weathering飞漆overspray漆渣paint dregs油漆烧焦burnt & charred paint褪色discolour; fading粉状表面p

33、owdery surface污染contamination鳞片lamination刮痕scratch堆积accumulation混浊膜blushing烤焦boiling粘附sticks浪费油漆over consumption of paint隐蔽部位hidden part散布scattered残余物residues光泽gloss均匀地evenly尾状漆tailing灰尘dust锈rust干燥drying油漆附着力强度值painting adherence strength value氧化皮oxide scale冷作cold work配作matching making对称制作symmetrica

34、l排料blank layout放样lofting, layoutdevelopment司layout off胀形bulging扩口flaring expanding缩口necking拱曲arching放边release side卷边curling, crimping折边hemming, folding翻边flanging刨边edge planning修边trimming拔缘side bending矫正、校形correction, rectification矫直straightening, leveling校平flattening划线laying out切断cutting打样冲眼center-p

35、unching锯切sawing塞削chipping铲去chips off压皱corrugate锂削filing堵孔hole plugging出白baring工件work piece嵌补inserting贴补patching桦接rabbet抛光polishing机械加工Machining, Mechanical working钳工加工bench working砂纸打磨sanding找正centering配键key fitting刮研spotting-in, rescraping配研running-in, facing-up毛刺burr去毛刺deburring无毛刺out burr打磨修正dres

36、s修磨光滑dressed smooth漆花knurling倒角chamfering倒圆角sounding, filleting倒钝锐边breaking sharp corners , rounding sharp edges车削turning rolls铳削milling刨削planning, shaping钻孔drilling钱孔reaming物削spotting链削boring插削slotting拉削(pull) broaching推削push broaching铲削relieving, backing-off刮削scraping磨削grinding滚削hobbing扩孔counterbo

37、ring, core drilling冲孔punching, piercing, perforation钻中心孔centering模具die, mould力矩扳手torque wrench钟接riveting剪断shearing锯断sawing粘接glued joint, adhesive-bonding热处理Heat treatment表面热处理surface heat treatment固溶处理solution heat treatment稳定化处理stabilizing treatment水韧处理water toughening渗碳carburization, carburizing渗氮

38、nitriding磷化phosphating硬化强化hardening时效ageing退火annealing正火normalizing淬火Quenching回火tempering调质quenching& tempering脱碳decarbonization过烧burning过热overheating冷脆cold brittleness热红脆hot(red) shortness氢脆hydrogen embrittlement蓝脆blue brittleness回火脆性temper brittleness偏析segregation白点flake , white spot软点soft spo

39、t晶粒grain晶界grain boundary断口fracture总装general assembly零件装配component assembly部件装配subassembly配合fit安装erection, installation拆卸disassembly, dismantle磨擦friction磨损abrasion , wear润滑Lubrication集中润滑central lubrication分散润滑separate lubrication泄漏leakage密封seal填料函箱stuffing box填料packing铸造Casting冒口riser, feeder浇口gate,

40、 sprue粘砂burning -on砂眼sand hole气眼air pocket结瘤heel多肉metallic projections残缺incompleteness冷隔cold shut缩孔shrinkage清砂cleaning铸型mold型芯core铸件casting锻造Forging锻件forge piece成形forming辐形roll forming冲压stamping, pressing, punching冲裁落料blanking旋压spinning滚压rolling拉延drawing拉拔drawing, draft轧制rolling等形bending弯管pipe bendi

41、ng卷园edge coiling切口lancing翻孔hole flanging滚园rolling circle下料cropping冲压件stamping回弹spring-back展宽spreading角裂chink飞边flash off连皮wad , slug凸耳earing隆起、堆积piling, build-up烧损scale (heating)loss缩孔shrinkage cavity缺肉underfill非金属夹杂non-metallic inclusions折（重）叠lap, overlaplifemismatch粉末冶金Powder metallurgy粉末冶金制品powder

42、 product烧结结构零件sintered structural part手提电脑notepad, laptop程序program软盘floppy disk软件software光盘CD-ROM病用virus杀毒kill virus数码像机digital camera容量capacityCrane 起重机桥吊quayside crane (R.M.Q.C)轨道吊Rail Mounted Quayside Crane轮胎吊rubber tyred gantry crane(RTG)装船机ship loader卸船机ship unloader堆取料机stacker-reclaimer前大梁boom

43、后大梁girder立柱，支腿leg海侧seaside陆侧landside上横梁upper beam下横梁sill beam连接横梁horizontal beam梯形架A-frame, pylon大平衡梁upper equalizer中平衡梁intermediate equalizer小平衡梁lower equalizer主动车架driving bogie从动车架driven bogie前拉杆forestay后拉杆backstay斜撑杆diagonal bar机器房machinery house司机室operator's cab电器房electrical room理货室check'

44、;s cab俯仰操纵室boom hoist cab小车trolley大车gantry托缆小车catenary trolley吊具spreader上架headblock电梯elevator吊钩横梁hook beam辅助结构auxiliary structure后置平台rear platform倾转平台trim / list / skew (T / L / S) platform上校座upper bracket下校座lower bracket防挂仓装置snag load device锚定装置anchor device顶轨装置rail brake device防风系缆tie down防碰撞装置bum

45、per防撞装置anti-collision device防震装置anti-vibration轨道夹钳rail clamp吊具调整装置trim, list & skew device安全钩boom latch, safe hook电缆卷筒cable drum, cable winder电缆拖令festoon cable车挡stopper避雷针lightning rod灭火器fire extinguisher防摇装置anti-sway device防跳装置anti-bouncer防松装置slack-preventing device防风系统装置tie down device起升滑轮main

46、 hoist reel牵引滑轮trolley travel reel俯仰滑轮boom hoist reel出绳罩ropes outlet hood吊耳lifting lug钱点hinge隔板diaphragm腹板web盖板flange纵向加筋longitudinal fillet承轨梁track girder, rail beam横梁transverse beam, cross beam伸缩梁telescopic beam吊具导板flipper吊具转销spreader twistlock梯子ladder阶梯step, stair平台platform走台footwalk, walkway扶手ha

47、nd rail栏杆railing护栏protection cage直梯vertical stair斜梯inclined stairs(ladder)踢脚板skirting boards, foot panel波纹板corrugated plate花纹板chequered plate网板wire-mesh plate格栅板grating plate, grid plate折边板edgefold plate支承板bracketsupport拉板tie plate档板baffle钩销hook pin联接板link plate泄水孔drainage hole排水孔outlet entrance排水管draw-off tube铭牌name plate钢丝绳steel wire, rope卷扬筒drum马达motor减速器reducer滑轮reel, sheave, pulley制动器brake制动盘brake disc制动瓦块brake shoe制动鼓brake drum制动带brake belt制动杠杆brake lever联轴节coupling万向联