新视野大学英语读写教程第一册第三版Unit6TextA分析

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit 6 Text A To work or not to work - That is the question打工还是不打工这是个问题Pre-reading activities1 Look at the pictures and answer the following questions.1.(1)A teaching assistant in kindergarten or a tutor.(2) A cashier in a store.(3)A waiter in a restaurant.(4)A car cleaner.2. I would li

2、ke to work as a teaching assistant in kindergarten. I really enjoy spending time with small children and I am thinking of working as a teacher in kindergarten in the future. So working as a teaching assistant would definitely be a great experience for me.2 The following are some advantages of doing

3、part-time jobs. Work in groups and discuss which three advantages are most important, Compare your choices with your group members.In my opinion, the most important advantages of doing part-time jobs are: gaining work acquiring communicative skills, and building connections for future career. In doi

4、ng part-time jobs, especially those jobs which are related to my field of study, I can build up my work experience and enrich my resume. Besides, in working, I may have to communicate with different kinds of people so it can help develop my communicative skills, which are essential to success. And i

5、n getting to know some important people in the workplace, I can build some contacts for my future career.(一)内容介绍本文是一篇调查研究报告打工对学生的学习带来的影响。文章题目即点明主题：打工还是不打工这是个问题。这是模仿了莎士比亚的名作哈姆雷特中的经典对白“生存还是毁灭，这是个问题。”的句子结构，从而引出作者的观点：对大学生而言，大学期间是否应该去打工是个值得深思的问题。文章首段介绍了调查研究的目标及方法：打工经历对学生成就的影响；采用比较、对比、长期跟踪、评估等方法。然后介绍了调查研究

6、的结果：花费过多的时间精力去打工会影响和严重干扰学生的学习。接着详细分析了打工对学生学习参与度产生负面影响的多种原因：首先，由于紧张的打工日程，打工的学生用来完成学校作业的时间就减少了；第二，为了每周能打工20个小时或更长时间，许多学生必须要在晚上工作；第三，挣到数量可观的零花钱所带来的兴奋感似乎让上学显得没意义和乏味；最后，长时间打工与饮酒和吸毒的增多有关。最后，末段是结论：学生可以去打工，但是要想学业成功，就应该下决心做到每周打工不超过10个小时。(二)背景知识TO BE OR NOT TO BE, THAT IS THE QUESTIONTO BE OR NOT TO BE， THAT

7、IS THE QUEST0N.(意为“生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题。”)是哈姆雷特( Hamlet)中的经典独白。哈姆雷特是由威廉·莎士比亚( WillShakespeare，,15641616)创作于1599年至1602年间的一部悲剧作品。戏剧讲述了叔叔克劳狄斯谋害了哈姆雷特的父亲，篡取了王位，并娶了国王的遗媚乔特鲁德；哈姆雷特王子因此为父王向叔叔复仇。哈姆雷特是世界著名悲剧之一，也是莎士比亚最负盛名的剧本，具有深刻的悲剧意义、复杂的人物性格以及丰富完美的悲剧艺术手法，代表着整个西方文艺复兴时期文学的最高成就。哈姆雷特麦克白李尔王和奥赛罗一起组成莎士比亚“四大悲剧”。(三)

8、课文分析1篇章结构Para. 1 The author gives a brief account of the research objective and the research methods. 调查研究的目标及研究方法。Para. 2-4 The research findings are demonstrated. 调查研究的发现。Para. 5-8 Explanations for the negative effects of part-time work on student performance are in details.详细解释说明打工给学生的学习带来的负面影响。P

9、ara.9 The author draws the conclusion of the research. 调查研究的结论。2. 写作特点本文是一篇典型的调查报告，包括调查研究的目标及方法、调查结果、原因分析、结论四个部分。文章结构清晰。Title: To work or not to work - That is the question打工还是不打工这是个问题Meaning Should students work or not work? That is an important question, which requires careful consideration.【解析】这是

10、文章的题目.句子结构模仿的是莎士比亚的作品哈姆雷特中的经典独白：“Tobe,or ot to be, that is the question.”(生存还是毁灭,这是个问题.)对哈姆雷特来说,这是一个关系到生或死的值得深思的问题.作者采用这种句子结构来表达“打工还是不打工这是个问题”.1 There are numerous and reliable ways by which one can measure the impact of employment on student achievement and we used several in our research.要衡量工作经历对学

11、生成就的影响有许多可靠的方法。在我们的研究中，我们采用了几种方法。MeaningThere are plenty of reliable methods to study how work affects students'school performanceand we used some of the ways in our research.1. numerous/'nju: mrs /: a. many许多的；很多的eg: It's too noisy here and numerous interruptions have prevented me from

12、finishing my work on time. 这里太吵了.由于屡遭打扰,我未能按时完成工作.2. reliable rlabl a. able to be trusted or depended on可信赖的；可靠的eg: He is regarded as a reliable man.他被认为是一个可靠的人.【派生】 reliably adv.依赖地 reliability n.依赖,信赖We compared the grades of students who work a great deal with those who work in limited amounts or

13、 not at all. 我们比较了打很多工的学生和打工时间有限或者根本不打工的学生的学习成绩。We also contrasted workers with non-workers on different indicators of their commitment to education. 我们也对比了打工学生和不打工学生在学习投入程度方面的不同指征。1. Contrast /k n' tra: st/ vt. compare two things, ideas, people,ete. to show how different they are from each othe

14、r使成对比；使成对照eg: In her essay, the author contrasts the present economic crisis with the one 10 years ago.作者在文中就当前的经济危机和十年前的经济危机进行了对比.vt.( of two things) be different from each other, often in a noticeable or interesting way形成对比eg: His actions and his words contrast sharply.他说的和做的相差太远./k ntra: st/nC,U

15、a difference between people, ideas, situations, things,etc. that are being compared差异；差别Eg: There can be no differentiation without contrast.有比较才有差别.【搭配 ontrast with sb./sth.与形成对照 by contrast相反,相比之下 in contrast with/tosb./sth.和做对比,与相反2. indicate/'ndkeit/ vt. (1) show that a particular situation

16、exists, or that sth. is likely to be true表明；显示Eg: My car' s gas gauge indicates that there is little gas left.我车上的汽油表显示剩下的油不多了.(2) say or do sth. to make your wishes, Intention,etc. clear表明(意向等)Eg: Her hesitation indicates unwillingness.他的犹豫表明不愿意.【近义】 limply, showindicator/'indket /n.C sth t

17、hat can be regarded as a sign of sth.else指示物；指示者Eg: Age alone is a poor indicator of a person s capability, so we must consider other aspects.单看年龄不能说明一个人的能力,因此我们必须考虑其他方面.3. commitment |kmtmnt|: (to sb/sth) the willingness to work hard and give your energy and time to a job or an activity （对工作或某活动）献身

18、，奉献，投入Eg: A career as an actor requires one hundred per cent commitment. 干演员这一行需要百分之百的投入。Additionally, we followed students over time as they increased or decreased their work hours and we assessed how different patterns of employment altered school performance and engagement.另外，我们长期跟踪学生，了解他们在打工时间增加

19、或减少时的表现。而且，我们还评估了不同的打工模式如何改变学习成绩和学习参与度。MeaningWhat's more, we observed students for a period of time as they spent more or fewer hours working part-time, and we made judgment about how the increased or decreased hours changed their school achievement and commitment.【解析】 additionally是个连接词,在本段中起承上

20、启下的作用.本段落大意为研究的目标和方法. 段落结构为 There are numerous and reliable ways. and we used several in our research.We compared. We also contrastedAdditionally, we followed. and we assessed1. Additional |dnl|: a. more than was first mentioned or is usual 附加的；额外的；外加的Eg: additional resources/funds/security额外资源；附加基金

21、；外加保安措施2. decrease dkri:s : v. become less or go down to a lower level, or make sth. do this(使)变小；(使)减少eg: They are making further efforts to decrease family spending.他们正在做进一步的努力来减少家良开支.C, U |di:kri:s| the process of becoming less, or the amount by which sth. becomes less减少；减少的量Eg: The birth rate ha

22、s been on the decrease in the past few years.过去几年的出生率呈下降趋势.【反义】 Increase3. assess ses : vt. (1) make a judgment about a person or situation after thinking carefully about it评价；评定Eg: They are conducting a survey to assess the impact of advertising on people,s consumer behavior.他们正在进行一项调查,测评广告对于人们消费行为

23、的影响.(2) calculate the value or cost of sth.估价；估计Eg: They looked at the house and assessed its market value.他们看了看房子并估算了其市场价值4. alter :lt(r) v. change, or make sb. or sth. change(使)变化；(使)改变Eg: We'll have to alter our plan for this weekend if it snows.如果下雪,我们将不得不改变这个周末的计划.2 We have simplified and c

24、lassified the data and the results are clear: The stakes are high. 我们把数据加以简化和归类，得出的结论很明确：学生打工付出的代价很大。MeaningWe have processed the data by making them simpler and dividing them into different groups. The results of the study are clear: The risks for working students are high.【解析】 simplify和 classify是

25、simple和 class的动词形式,是由adj./m.+后缀y变化而来的.有着同样构词法的还有purify, identify, beautify, clarify, justify等词.stake/stek/: n. (1)(-s)pl. J the things that you can gain or lose by taking a risk, e. g. in business or politics 赌注, 风险eg: The men played for high stakes.那些人玩牌时下大赌注.(2)C money that you risk as the result

26、of a horse race, card game,etc.(赛马、牌局等的)赌注,押金Eg: For a dollar stake, you can win up to$1,000.00.押一美元的赌注,你最多可以赢一百万美元.(3) C the part of a business that you own because you have invested money in it 股份Eg: His wife holds a40% stake in the company.他的妻子拥有公司40%的股份.A heavy commitment to a part-time job duri

27、ng the academic year say working 20 hours per week or more undermines and significantly interferes with school achievement and commitment. 在学年中花过多精力兼职打工，比如，一周打工20个小时或更长时间，会影响和严重干扰学习成绩和学习投入程度。MeaningWhen students spend too much time on a part-time job during the school year, for example, 20 hours or

28、more, their devotion to study becomes less and less gradually and therefore their school performances are seriously affected.【解析】say是用作举例子,意为“比方说；比如”.1.Academic ækdemk: a. (usu. before noun) relating to education, esp. at college or university level 学术的Eg: Applicant must possess good conduct an

29、d obtain satisfactory academic results.申请者必须拥有良好品性,并考获令人满意的成绩.2.undermine ndman vt. gradually make sb. or sth. less strong or effective逐渐削弱;逐渐损害Eg: They will do anything to undermine their adversary's reputation.他们会不择手段地去损害对手的名誉.3. significant/sig'nifiknt/: a. (1) very large or noticeable相当数

30、量的；显著的Eg: We have all invested significant amounts of time and energy in making this project a success. in都为这个项目的成功付出了相当多的时间和精力(2) very important重要的；意义重大的Eg: Early experiences in childhood plays a significant role in developing one' s character.一个人童年时期的经历对他的性格形成有着重大的意义.Significantly: adv. in an

31、important way or to an important degree重大地；显著地Eg: More significantly, young people finally realized the importance of balancing working and study. 颇具意义的是,年轻人终于认识到平衡打工和学习的重要性4.interfere ntf(r) : vi. deliberately get involved in a situation where you are not wanted or needed介入；干涉；干预Eg: None has the ri

32、ght to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.任何国家都无权干涉别国内政【搭配】 interfere in干涉,干预 interfere with妨碍,阻止interfere with: prevent sth. from succeeding or from happening in the way that was planned妨碍；阻止eg: Don t interfere with him while he s working. 他工作的时候不要打搅他.Overall our study offers proo

33、f that students who worked more than 20 hours weekly were not comparable to their classmates.总的来说，我们的研究证明，每周打工超过20个小时的学生学习成绩不及班上其他同学。1.overall vr:l: ad.(1) generally一般地；总体上Eg: Overall, she is very satisfied with the decoration of the house.总的来说,她对房子的装修非常满意(2) considering or including everything全部地；总

34、共Eg: How much will it cost overall?一共多少钱?a.( only be fore noun) considering or including everything包括一切的；全部的eg: The overall measurement of this room is100 square meters.这个屋子的总面积是100平方米2.proof/pru: f/: n. C,U facts, information, documents,etc. that prove sth.is true证明；证据Eg: Have you got any proof tha

35、t you own this book?你有什么证据证明书是你的?parable kmprbl: a. (to/with sb/sth) similar to sb/sth else and able to be compared 类似的；可比较的Eg: A comparable house in the south of the city would cost twice as much. 一栋类似的房子位于城南部就要贵一倍的价钱。The situation in the US is not directly comparable to that in the UK. 美国的情况与英国的不能

36、直接相比。They earned lower grades, spent less time on homework, cut class more often and cheated more frequently. 他们的分数更低，花在作业上的时间更少，逃课更频繁，作弊更常见。cut class: (AmE)(infml) deliberately not go to a class that you should go to逃课eg: The teacher warned the naughty boy against cutting class.老师警告那个淘气的男孩不要旷课.And

37、they reported lower levels of commitment to school and more modest educational aspirations.而且据反映，他们的学习投入程度较低，学习志向也不够远大。1. Modest mdst: 1) not very large, expensive, important, etc. 些许的；不太大（或太贵、太重要等）的Eg: He charged a relatively modest fee. 他收取的费用不算高。The research was carried out on a modest scale. 这个研

38、究项目开展的规模不算太大。2) not talking much about your own abilities or possessions 谦虚的；谦逊的Eg: She's very modest about her success. 她对自己的成功非常谦虚。2. Aspirationæspren: (for sth) | (to do sth) a strong desire to have or do sth. 渴望；抱负；志向3 On the other hand, we also detected a different pattern. Working for

39、 approximately 10 hours per week or less seemingly does not take a consistent toll on school performance.但是，我们也发现了另外一种不同的模式。每周打工大约10个小时或更少的时间对学习成绩似乎没有持续的影响。MeaningHowever, we also found out a different pattern, that is, when students work for about 10 ours or less weekly, it does not seem to have a

40、continuous bad effect on their school performance.【解析】本文是一篇结构清晰的研究报告.无论是段落内还是段落与段落之间,作者都非常注重些连接词或者短语.此处的 on the other hand起转折作用,是和上一段相呼应.1. on the other hand: (also on the one handon the other hand) used to give another opinion or fact that should be considered as wel as the one you have just given另

41、一方面; 从一方面来说,从另一方面来说eg: On the one hand, I have no time; on the other hand, I have no money.一来,我没时间；二来,我没有钱。on the othe hand, In contrast., on the contrary这三个词组都表示转折,意为“相反；但是”,但是它们表示的转折关系有所不同. on the other hand是“从另一方面来说”,通常是说同一件事情的两个方面. In contrast是“对比之下”,通常对比不同的人或事物,更加侧重于两者的不同,强调有差异. on the contrary

42、是“正相反；恰恰相反”,往往针对同一件事或同一个人表示个人意见,认为后面所说的才是对的,虽然后面所说的和前面的情况完全相反.2. detectdtekt: v. to discover or notice sth, especially sth that is not easy to see, hear, etc. 发现；查明；侦察出Eg: The tests are designed to detect the disease early. 这些检查旨在早期查出疾病。3.Approximately prksmtli: ad. used for showing that an amount,

43、number,time,etc. Is not exact大致；近似Eg: The plane will be taking off in approximately ten minutes.飞机大约十分钟后起飞.4.Seemingly /'si minli/ ad. (1)(fm.) according to the facts as you know the看样子；看来Eg: There is seemingly nothing we can do to stop the plan going ahead.看样子我们无法阻止这项计(2) appearing to have a pa

44、rticular quality, when this may or may not be true看上去；表面上；外观上划的实施Eg: The company, though seemingly rebuffed, in fact got what it wanted.公司虽然表面上遭到了挫败,实际上得到了它想得到的.5.consistent knsstnt : a. (1) continuing to happen or develop in the same way稳定发展的；持续不变的Eg: The last five years have seen a consistent impr

45、ovement in the country's economy.在过去五年中,这个国家的经济经历了持续的发展(2)always behaving in the same way of having the same attitudes, standards, etc, usu. used to show approval(行为、态度、标准等)一贯的,一致的Eg: What you do is not consistent with what you say.你的言行不一致.6.toll tl : n. (1) C a very bad effect that sth. has on

46、sth.orsb. over a long period of time严重的不良影响Eg: Lack of sleep takes a toll on nearly every aspect of daily life.缺少睡眠对日常生活的几乎各个方面都会造成不良影响.(2)C, usu. sing. the number of people killed or injured in a particular accident, by a particular illness,etc.伤亡人数Eg: It was reported that the death of toll from la

47、st week s fire was45.据报道,上周的火灾造成了45人死亡.take a/its toll on: have a bad effect on sth.or sb. over a long period of time对产生不良影响eg: The dotting mother may take a toll on her boys future independence.母亲的溺爱会影响到男孩将来的独立自主.Nevertheless given that half of all employed seniors, about one-third of all juniors a

48、nd about one-fifth of all second-year students work above the 20-hour limit indications are that a large number of students are at risk of compromising their school careers with their part-time jobs.不过，鉴于一半的大四打工学生、约三分之一的大三打工学生以及约五分之一的大二打工学生的打工时间都超过20个小时的上限，由此表明，有很多学生面临因打工而危及学业的风险。MeaningHowever, sin

49、ce half of all employed fourth year students, about one-third of all third-year students,and about one-fifth of all second-year students work above the 20-hour limit, it is implied that many students risk harming their school careers by taking part-time jobs.1. Nevertheless nevðles: despite sth

50、 that you have just mentioned 尽管如此；不过；然而Eg: There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is important that we try. 我们几乎没有可能改变法律。不过，重要的是我们努力争取。2. given: prep. taking sth into account考虑到；鉴于Eg: Given their inexperience,they' ve done it quite well考虑到他们缺乏经验,他们已经做得

51、相当好了a.(only before noun)(any/a )any particular time, situation, amount, etc. that is being used as an example指定的；特定的eg: You have to finish the work within the given period of time.你们必须在规定的时间内完成这项工作.【搭配】 given that考虑到,鉴于(一般位于句首,后面接表示原因的句子)3.indication/undr'keifn/: n. C,U a sign that sth. will hap

52、pen, Is true, or exists象征；迹象；标示Eg: There are some indications that the prices will rise. 有迹象表明物价将上涨.【近义】 implication4.at risk (of): in a situation where you may be harmed处境危险；受到威胁Eg: The disease is spreading, and all young children are at risk.疾病正在蔓延,所有的幼儿都有危险promise kmprmaz : vt. risk harming or lo

53、sing sth. important损害Eg: Defeat at this stage would compromise their chances of reaching the finals of the competition. 这个阶段的失败会减少他们进入决赛的机会.vi. solve a problem or end an argument by accepting that you cannot have everything that you want 折中解决；让步eg: They found it wiser to compromise with her.他们觉得与她妥协

54、更明智.n. C, Ua way of solving a problem or ending an argument in which both people or groups accept that they cannot have everything that they want妥协；和解eg: After some discussion they arrive at a compromise.经过一番讨论之后,他们达成一项折中方案.4 Whereas it is true that more disengaged students are more likely to work l

55、ong hours to begin with it appears that working makes a marginal situation worse. 虽说一开始确实是学习兴趣不大的学生更容易长时间地打工，但是打工看起来会让他们原本勉强的学习状况变得更糟。meaningIt is true that more students who are less involved in studying are more possibly to work long hours.However, it seems that they become even less committed to

56、their study because of working.【解析】 whereas和 however同义,都可以表达转折的意义.但是, however是副词,可引导一个单独的句子；而 whereas是连词,只能引导一个从句.1.whereas weræz : conj. (fml.) used to say that although sth. is true of one thing, it is not true of another但是；却；尽管Eg: Some people like reading until the midnight, whereas others l

57、ike reading in the very early morning. 人喜欢读书至深夜,然而也有人喜欢在清晨阅读.【近义 】however,yet,but2. disengaged dsn'gedd: If someone is disengaged from something, they are not as involved with it as you would expect. 不受牵连的;不受约束的3. to begin with: (1) during the first part of a process or activity起初；开始的时候Eg: There were six of us to begin with, and then two people left.开始的时候我们有六个人,后来有两个人离开了.(2)(spoken) used to introduce the first and most important point you want to make 首先Eg: To begin with, she is too young for that kind of job.首先,她做这种工作年纪还太年轻4.marginal m:dnl : a. (1) barely within a lower s