2003年考研英语真题及答案

1、2003 年考研英语真题及答案【篇一：2003 年考研英语完形填空真题解析】lass=txt>teachers need to be aware of the emotional,intellectual, and physical changes2. that young adults experience.3. and they also need to4. give serious 21 thought to5. how they can be best 22 accommodate such changes.6. growing bodies need movement and

2、23exercise ,7. but not just in ways that emphasize competition.但是不能只注重比赛8. 24 because they are adjusting to their new bodies9. and a whole host of new intellectual and emotionalchallenges, 一大堆10. teenagers are especially self-conscious11. and need the 25 confidence12. that comes from achieving succe

3、ss13. and knowing that their accomplishments14. are 26 admired by others.15. however, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled withso much competition16. that it would be 27 to plan activities17. in which there are more winners than losers, 因此安排一些赢者多，输者少的活动是很明智的18. 28 for example ,19. publish

4、ing newsletters 出版时事通讯刊印业务通讯20. with many student-written book reviews,21. 29 displaying student artwork, and22. sponsoring book discussion clubs. 赞助23. a variety of small clubs24. can provide 30 multiple opportunities for leadership,为培养领导才能提供多种机会25. multiple 多种的，倍数，26. leadership 领导能力，领导层27. as wel

5、l as for practice in successful 31 group dynamics.为成功的群体动力提供练习28. dynamics 力学，动力学29. making friends is extremely important to teenagers,30. and many shy students31. need the 32 security of some kind of organization需要加入某个组织以获得安全感32. with a supportive adult 33 barely visible in the backgrounda) 需要有一位成

6、人在只有后台看到见的地方提供支持in these activities,33. it is important to remember that the young teens34. have 34 short attention spans. 注意力持续时间很短35. a variety of activities should be organized36. 35 so that participants can remain active as long as theywant 这样参加活动的人就能想活动多久就活动多久37. and then go on to 36something e

7、lse 然后就可以做一些其它的事情38. without feeling guilty39. and without letting the other participants 37 down .也不会让其它参与者失望40. this does not mean that 这并不是说41. adults must acceptirresponsibility. 大人必须接受不负责任的做法42. 38 on the contrary43. they can help students acquire a sense of commitment获得一种责任感44. by 39planning f

8、or roles45. that are within their 40 capability 他们力所能及46. and their attention spans 又在他们注意力时间范围47. and by having clearly stated rules. 通过制定清楚的活动规则teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, andphysical changes that young adults experience. and they alsoneed to give serious 21 to how th

9、ey can be best 22 suchchanges. growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achie

10、ving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. however, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book revie

11、ws, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. a variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization wi

12、th a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.in these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans.a variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they wantand then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and with

13、out letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21 .a thoughtbideac opiniond advice22 .a

14、strengthenb accommodatec stimulated enhance23 .a careb nutritionc exercised leisure24 .a ifb althoughc whereasd because25 .a assistanceb guidancec confidenced tolerance26 .a claimedb admiredc ignoredd surpassed27 .a improperb riskyc faird wise28 .a in effectb as a resultc for exampled in a sense 29.

15、a displayingb describingc creatingd exchanging 30.a durableb excessivec surplusd multiple31 .a groupb individualc personneld corporation 32.a consentb insurancec admissiond security 33.a particularlyb barelyc definitelyd rarely 34.a similarb longc differentd short35 .a if onlyb now thatc so thatd ev

16、en if36 .a everythingb anythingc nothingd something37 .a offb downc outd alone38 .a on the contraryc on the wholeb on the averaged on the other hand39 .a makingb standingc planningd taking40 .a capabilityb responsibilityc proficiencyd efficiency文章背景这是一篇讲述关于如何帮助青少年适应变化的社科类议论文。主要 介绍了老师需要了解青少年经历的情感、智力和

17、身体上的变化。他 们还需要认真思考他们如何才能够最好地适应这些变化。成长中的 身体需要运动和锻炼，但并不只是通过强调竞争的方法来锻炼。因 为他们正在适应他们身体的新变化和许多新的智力和情感挑战，青 少年特别敏感，他们需要信心，这种信心来自于取得成功并知道别 人羡慕他们的成就。答案详解21. 【解析】a 语义辨析/ 固定搭配题。第二句中的and 说明该句是对上句的补充，be aware of 意识到，想到与 a 项 thought 思考，思想意思一致，而与b 项 idea 主意，观点，想法，c 项 opinion 意见和 d 项 advice 建议不相照应; 四个词都可以和give 连用，但是i

18、dea 和 opinion 是可数名词，前面需要不定冠词an, 而 give anidea to 和 give an opinion to 的对象都应是人。d 干扰性最大，容易选错，但是give advice to 的对象也应该是人，而要想与后面的how 从句衔接则必须使用介词on, 故不正确。22. 【解析】b 语义辨析题。根据原文的含义，教师应该关注的是如何能够使他们(young adults) 很好地适应这些变化。此题的难点在于对 accommodate 一词词义的理解，可能很多考生只了解它的第一个意思提供住宿，而不熟悉另外两个重要的意思是使满意;使适应。此题的选择还有一个重要的线索，就

19、是紧接着下文中的adjust to( 适应 ) ，二者语义相近。23. 【解析】c 语义辨析题。本题目选择名词，在句子中充当宾语。growing bodies need movement and, but not just in ways thatemphasize competition. 并列连词and 确定空格处的词汇与movement 相似或者属于同类事物;转折词 but not 指示方向，butnot just in ways that emphasize competition. 确定要选择的名词是一种运动竞技项目。不难发现，四个选项中只有c. exercise 表示练习，锻炼，是

20、一种竞技运动。因此，正确答案是b. exercise 练习。24. 【解析】d 逻辑关系题。they are adjusting to their newbodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotionalchallenges, teenagers are especially self?conscious and从 句 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host ofnew intellectual and emotional challenges,青少年正在适应

21、新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战; 主句 teenagers areespecially self?conscious他们的自我意识强 。不难发现，两个句子是因果关系。因此，正确答案为d. because 。 句子becauce they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagersare especially self?conscious and因为青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战,所以他们的自我意识

22、强并且。25. 【解析】c 语义衔接题。本题目选择名词，后面的定语从句提供信息选择答案。顺着上一题的线索：句子叙述到because theyare adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self?conscious and need thethat comes from achieving success and knowing 。并列连词and 确定供选的词汇与self?conscious 并列，

23、表示一种性格特征;定语从句that comesfrom achieving success取得成功所需要的 ，限定该词汇的性质。他们所需要的是来自于取得成功被别人钦佩的信心。因此，正确答案为c。26. 【解析】b 语义衔接题。本题目选择动词的过去分词形式，在句子中构成被动语态，充当谓语动词。句子叙述到because theyare adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self?conscious

24、and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments areby others. 因为他们正在调整自己以适应身体的变化和许多新的智力上和情感上的挑战，所以他们自我意识很强并且需要信心，这种信心来自于他们所取得的成功以及他们的成就被别人。句子中的主语提供信息决定答案。顺着上一题的线索，止匕处关键在于accomplishments 和什么动词搭配。从上文已经推定此处动词的意思应为钦佩，崇拜，所以选b.admired.以选 d.wise 。28. 【解析】c 逻

25、辑关系题。本题目选择逻辑关系词，体现前后的逻辑关系。句子叙述到however, the typical teenage lifestyle isalready filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,publishing newsletters with many student?written book reviews,空格后面列举了几个并列结构，不难发现该逻辑关系为 举例列举。选项前后是例证关系，后

26、面列举的行为均属于用来具体说明前面的activities, 形成照应关系。选项a. in effect 事实上 ;b.as a result 结果是 ;c. for example 例如 ;d. in a sense 从某种意义上说。因此，正确答案为c. for example 例如。然而，典型的青少年生活方式已经充满了如此众多的竞争，以至于组织一些胜者多败者少的活动是明智的，例如出版学生书写的读书笔记。29. 【解析】a 逻辑关系/ 语义衔接题。本题目选择动词的动名词形式，在句子中充当谓语动词。句子叙述到however, the typicalteenage lifestyle is alr

27、eady filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student?written book reviews,student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. 解题时需看清句中平列的逻辑关系，出版包括许多学生所作的书评的简报，（展示）学生创作的艺术品，

28、举办读书座谈俱乐部等。不难发现，选项a. displaying 展示，展出，展出学生的艺术作品，符合语句含义，同时与出版学生书写的读书笔记构成并列关系。因此，正确答案为a。30. 【解析】d 词汇辨析题。该题目选择形容词，在句子中充当定语。句子叙述到a variety of small clubs canprovideopportunities for leadership,各种各样的小型俱乐部能够提供的机会锻炼孩子们的领导力。选择形容词，被修饰的名词提供信息。选项a. durable 耐用的 ;持久的 ;与 opportunities 不搭配 ;b. excessive 过度的 ;c. su

29、rplus 过剩的 ;都有过分之义，含有否定的意思，与文意不符。正确选项d.multiple 多样的与句子主语中的 variety 相照应。31. 【解析】a 逻辑关系/ 语义衔接题。与上文相连，opportunities 后面两个for 说明提供的是什么样的机会;由 as wellas 连接的介词短语与前一个for 引导介词短语是并列关系，译为不仅提供机会而且提供 机会，前者leadership是个体能力，后者则是指在成功的集体活动中得到锻炼的机会，所以选a。32. 【解析】d 语义衔接题。本题存在一个意思上的相应关系，即the of organization 与 the support o

30、f adult 对应，可以判断d 正确。 本题目选择名词，在句子中充当宾语。句子叙述到makingfriends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shystudents need theof some kind of organization交朋友对于年轻人极其重要，并且许多腼腆的学生需要的某种组织给予的,而且需要有一个成年人在幕后给予支持。选项 a. consent内容， 含量;满意，满足 b. insurance 保险，安全保障;c.admission 承认，允许进入;d. security 安全，安全感。33. 【解析】b 语义

31、衔接题。with 引导一个介词复合结构作定语，修饰 organization ， 其中支持他们的成人只能在背后出现，这与b.barely 仅仅，刚好的意思一致。making【篇二：2003 年考研英语翻译真题解析】furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为两段：furthermore, hu

32、mans have theability to modify the environment in which they live, / thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.第二、句子的结构是：1）这是个主句+分词短语表示伴随状态的结构：humans have theability to modify. thus subjecting .2） the environment in which they live 是先行词+定语从句。第三、词的处理：modify the envi

33、ronment in which they live改变他们的生存环境subjecting all other life forms to让所有其它形态的生命服从 完整的译文：61）而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想像。考点总结：1）不定式短语做定语；2）介词+定语从句；3）分词短语表示伴随状态。62) social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reason

34、ed, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为四段：social science is that branch ofintellectual enquiry / which seeks to study humans and their endeavors / in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manne

35、r / that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. 第二、句子的主干结构是：主句 + which 引导的定语从句+方式状语(in the same reasoned,orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner)+ 定语从句。第三、词的处理：social science 社会科学intellectual enquiry 知识探究humans and their endeavors 人类及其行为reasoned 理性的orderly 有序的systematic 系统的d

36、ispassioned 冷静的natural phenomena 自然现象完整的译文：62)社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。考点总结：1)定语从句；2)方式状语；3)多重并列定语。63) the emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a uniq

37、ue and distinctly important social science.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为四段：the emphasis on data gatheredfirst-hand, / combined with a cross?cultural perspective /brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, / makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. 第二、句子的结构是：1）主干结构是一个简单句：the em

38、phasis., combined with.,makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.2）主语后面带有on data gathered first-hand 是主语的定语，combined with 相当于 and 的意思，是对主语内容的补充，perspective 可以理解成主语的并列成分，brought to the analysisof cultures past and present 是 perspective 的定语。其中pastand present 是 cultures 的定语。第三、

39、词的处理：the emphasis 翻译时词性转换成动词data gathered first-hand 搜集的第一手资料combined with 加上，（这个短语不影响主语的数的变化）a cross-cultural perspective 跨文化视角this study 这一研究完整的译文：63）强调搜集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在的文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。考点总结：1） 带有多重修饰成分的简单句；2）过去分词短语做定语；3）复合宾语结构4）词性转换。64） tylor defined culture as . that complex

40、 whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：tylor defined culture as . thatcomplex whole / which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits / acquired by m

41、an as a member of society. 第二、句子的结构是：1）主干结构是：tylor defined culture as .that complex whole.其中 whole 是 “整体 ”的意思。后面是一个很长的定语从句，翻译时可以和先行词拆开。2）which 引导的定语从句中有多重并列宾语，acquired by man asa member of society 是宾语的定语。第三、词的处理：tylor 人名，按照音译defined culture as 将文化定义为that complex whole 一个复合体belief 信仰morals 道德man as a

42、 member of society 人作为社会成员完整的译文：64）泰勒把文化定义为“一个复合体”，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯。考点总结：1）定语从句；2）过去分词短语做定语；3）多重并列宾语。65） thus, the anthropological concept of culture, like the concept of set in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and und

43、erstanding.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为四段：thus, the anthropological conceptof culture, like the concept of set in mathematics, / is anabstract concept / which makes possible / immense amountsof concrete research and understanding.第二、句子的结构是：1）主干结构是：主语+插入语（like the concept of） + 系表结构（is anabstract concept） + which

44、 引导的定语从句2） immense amounts of concrete research and understanding是动词 makes 的宾语，possible 是状语前置。第三、词的处理：the anthropological concept of culture, 人类学的“文化 ”概念the concept of set in mathematics 数学中 “集 ”的概念an abstract concept 抽象概念immense amounts of concrete research 大量的具体研究完整的译文：65）因此，人类学中“文化 ”的概念就像数学中“集 ”的

45、概念一样，是一个抽象概念。它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。考点总结：1）表示比较的插入语；2）定语从句；3）复合宾语；4）状语前置。【篇三：考研英语阅读真题及详细解析2003 】loved the internet. the american spymaster who built the officeof strategic services in the world war and later laid the roots for the cia was fascinated with information. donovan believed in using whatever too

46、ls came to hand in the great game of espionage spying as a profession. these days the net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping donovans vocation as well.the latest revolution isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail

47、. that kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. in the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point- and-click spying. the spooks call it open-source intelligence, and as the net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. in 1995 the

48、cia held a contest to see who could compile the most data about burundi. the winner, by a large margin, was a tiny virginia company called open source solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.straiford president george friedman says he sees the online world as a kind

49、of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymasters dream. last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in ukraine. as soon as that report runs, well suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from uk

50、raine, says friedman, a former political science professor. and well hear back from some of them. open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. thats where straitford earns its keep.friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in austin. sev

51、eral of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. he sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success. straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. straitford, says f

52、riedman, takes pride in its independent voice. 41. the emergence of the net has .a received support from fans like donovan b remolded the intelligence services c restored many common pastimes d revived spying as a profession42. donovans story is mentioned in the text to . aintroduce the topic of onl

53、ine spying b show how he fought for the us c give an episode of the information war d honor his unique services to the cia43. the phrase making the biggest splash (line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means .a causing the biggest troubleb exerting the greatest effort c achieving the greatest success d

54、 enjoying the widest popularity44. it can be learned from paragraph 4 that .astraitfords prediction about ukraine has proved true b straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information c straitfords business is characterized by unpredictability d straitford is able to provide fairly reliable in

55、formation 45. straitford is most proud of its .a official status bnonconformist image c efficient staff d military background 重点词汇：更多地为贯彻落实而非战略本身操心 这样做更难。spymaster ? 即 spy+master ，间谍大王、间谍组织 首脑。lay the roots for 扎根于。strategic ? （战略的；对全局起关键作用的）为strategy （战略，策略）的形容词形式，-ic 为形容词后缀。strategy and tactics 战略

56、与战术；a global strategy 全球战略。worry more about implementation than strategy its harder todo.fascinate ? （使着迷，强烈地吸引），去e 加名词后缀 -ion 即为 fascination （入迷；诱惑力），去e 加形容词后缀-ing即为 fascinating （迷人的），另可记fascism （法西斯主义），fascist （法西斯主义的；法西斯主义者）。he was fascinated withher beauty. 他被她的美貌迷住了。fascism is areligion; the twentieth century will be known in history as the cent