常用地质学英语词汇

1、2. GEOLOGY 地质LITHOLOGY CASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION ORDER 2.12.1.1 Rock Types岩性分类与描述顺序岩石类型Sedi Sedimentry沉积岩碎屑岩clasclastic砂岩 sandstone ssmdst泥岩 mudstonesh粘土岩砂 sand中砂岩细砂岩卵石 bldr 卵石 砾石 conglomerate 硬砂岩页岩clyst, clstsdmedium sandstonefsstboulderpblgravel grl 砾岩 graywacke大鹅卵石 cblshaleclaystonemSsdfine s

2、andstonepebblecglgywkcobble粒砂breccicbioclasticark 长石砂岩 arkosegranule grnl角砾岩 brecbioc 生物碎屑岩vcrs sstarglgyp anhysaltvery coarse sandstonegypsumanhydrite极粗砂岩 泥板岩 argillite 石膏 硬石膏slt隧石盐岩flint -lingitelimestonecarbonate白云石白云岩dolomitedolst碳酸盐岩ls 灰岩，石灰岩 dolodolostone泥灰石mrlsmarlstone贝壳灰岩coqcoquinabiospbios

3、parte生物亮晶灰岩biomibiomicrite生物微晶灰岩calcareniteclcar灰屑岩，钙屑灰岩 精品资料分享clcltcalcilutite泥屑石灰岩micrmicrite微晶灰岩clcrdcalcirudite砾屑石灰岩clsltcalcisilitite粉砂屑石灰岩grstgrainstone粒状灰岩oolitic limestone鲕状灰岩Igneous Rock火成岩intrusive igneous侵入岩extrusive igneous喷出岩火山岩volccolcanic花岗岩 granitegrt闪长岩dioritedr花岗闪长岩grano dioritegrd

4、r石英闪长岩qu drquartz diorite闪长玢岩dr podiorite porphyrite正长岩syenite辉长岩 gabbrogab, gb石英玢岩qu poquartz porphyrite安山岩anandesite.u_r玄武岩basbasalt纹石，霞石aragaragonite颜色 ColourCOL Color,黑色棕色brnbrownyelyellowgrey橙色，桔色orangeblack blk黄色gy, gry 灰色 or变质岩Metsmorphic rockMetaphyllite千枚岩phyl板岩slslatel_L M_r片岩schistschmarb

5、lembl大理岩gne片麻岩gneiss石英岩qtztquartzitenovaculite 致密石英岩 novac蓝色gn, grnblbluegreen绿色白色wi, whtwhitepinkpnk粉红色plpurple紫色精品资料分享lavlavender浅紫色，淡紫色bfbuff浅黄色tntan棕黄色chocchocolate褐色ochochve褐色，黄褐色olvolive橄榄色crmcream奶油色mottmotted杂色，斑点voclvaricoloree杂色的ambamber琥珀色淡的ltlight暗的dk, drkdark颜色代码 cccolor code硬度Hardness非

6、常硬VHDvery hard中硬MHDmiddle hard硬HhardSFTsoft软非常软VSFTvery soft磨圆2.1.4 Roundness尖棱状sharp angular棱角状angleangularsubangle subangular次棱角状次圆状subroundsubrnd圆状rndround磨圆好well round颗粒大小术语Grain Size Terminology(see app. Table)见附表2.1.6 Sorting分选good好 go一般ffair中等mediummdprpoorcoarsely cCementation 精品资料分享差 粗造胶结，胶

7、结物cpdnswelllsesdy aresdymdy areethycly钙质硅质灰质高岭土质carbcompactdensewellloosesandy arenaceous sandy mudy argillaceous earthy claycal, calclim kao carbonaceouscalcaroussilimy kaolin胶结致密胶结密实胶结好胶结疏松砂质砂质泥质泥质粘土质siliceous石英质 quartzitic石英质的碳质的 qtzc quartzizosenacreous岩石的次要成分珍珠质 nac2.1.8 Accessories of Rock矿物次生

8、矿物min accessary mineralmineral石英qz, qtzquartz云母mic, micamicaceous白云母muscmuscovite黑云母biotbiotitesrctsericite绢云母长石feldsparfldorthpclase正长石 orth斜长石plagplagioclase辉长石gabgabbro黄铁矿pypyrite褐铁矿lmtlimonite磁铁矿magmagnetite方解石calc calcite白云石doldolomite石膏gypgypsumanhy anhydite无水石膏盐saltsaasphasphalt沥青bitbitumen沥青

9、gilsomitegil天然沥青flintflnt黑燧石，电石chtchert黑硅石chkchalk白垩fosfossils化石micfomicrofossil微化石macfomacrofossil大化石pl fosplant fossil植物化石vrtbvertebrate脊椎动物ancient life古生物faufauna动物群植物群floflora孢子，孢粉spo, sprspore三叶虫tritrilobite珊瑚corcoralshell贝壳shl菊石amm ammonite藻类alg algaediat diatoms硅藻轮藻类charcharophyte笔石类grapgrapt

10、olite介形虫节肢动物ostostracodparaparchites介形虫para牙形虫conoconodont海百合crincrinoid竹节石属TentTentaculities软体动物molluscmoll海胆类棘皮动物EchEchinoidBry Bryozoa苔藓动物门头足纲软体类CephCephalipod箭石属头足类BelmniferaBelm腕足类动物门BrachBrachinopoda斗星介属介形类CypridopsisCyp有孔虫类foramforaminifera内卷虫属有孔虫类Endothgra抱球虫属有孔虫类 Glob Globigerina精品资料分享Endo沉

11、积识别特征 Depositional Distinguishing Feature 沉积构造sedimentary structurebeded bdd层状的bandedbndd层状的bandband夹层精品资料分享xlamcrosslaminated交错层理xbddcrossbeded交错层intbddinterbeded互层的，夹层的crnkcrinkled褶皱contcontact接触，界面unconfunconformity不整合confconformity整合crevcrevive裂隙concconcretion结核，含有物nodnodules结核。团块多孔状vesicularves

12、块状lumpylumpy贝壳状conchconchoidalgranular颗粒状gran丝状slkysilky玻璃状glglassyfib纤维状fibrous球状glblrglobular结晶 crystalxl结晶体xlncrystalline其它 2.1.10 Others孔隙度 porositygood中等15%10好 fairgd 15%5poor10%较差微小less 5%trace解理，可劈性fissibityclvg clesvage 解理，劈理crystal or grain size 晶体形状与颗粒大小结构texture光泽lustre lstr丝绢光泽silkyswell

13、ing propertiesmineralsolubiling次生矿膨胀度，膨胀性吸水性accessory油气显示鉴定Examination for Hydrocarbon Showshydrocarbon indication 油气显示oil show description 荧光观察direct fluorescence dir fluo 精品资料分享sample fluorescence cut fluo cutting fluorescence solvent fluorescence no fluo no fluorescence micro trace trace present

14、important very important bri bright油气显示描述fluorescence observation湿照干照I 八、滴照 浸泡照射 无荧光显示 显示相当微弱 微弱 有，中等 强 很强 明亮2.2THE EXAMPLES OF LITHOLOGY DESCRIPTION岩性描述范例Noncarbonate , clastic非碳酸盐岩，碎屑岩 If the representative samples from the siever have been selected and the percentage of the various constituents h

15、ave been estimated, then the logical order of the sample description is:如果从筛子中已选出具有代表性的岩样， 而且该岩样的各组份含量已估计出， 那么该岩样 的描述顺序那么为：1, ROCK TYPE2, COLOR岩性，岩石类别颜色3, HARDNESS硬度硬化作用densehardmedium -hardsoft spongy密集的，硬的，中等坚硬，软的，多孔的friablecompactbrittleslatey松散的致密的脆的板状的GRAIN SIZE颗粒大小4,5,The common adjectives des

16、cribing induration are: 硬化作用一般的形容描述内容是：see to figure 2,1.5 见图表 2，1， 5GRAIN SHAPE颗粒形状The only five general classes are considered and defined as following: 唯一可考虑的五种一般类别为：sharp 尖棱状angular棱角状subangular次棱角状6,SORTING7,LUSTERlaminations fractures fractures patterns 纹理 裂缝 裂缝形式 The common structures of shal

17、es and siltstone are:banding nodular条纹 结核状 页岩和粉砂岩的构造是指：The common used terms of the luster are:砂岩的构造一般是指：常见的砂岩微量次生矿物有： baritesiderite chert重晶石菱铁矿黑隧石rounded wellrounded 磨圆状 好的磨圆状 分选作用 光泽coated覆盖物pitted 坑状物frosted霜状外表deeply etched 深度侵蚀frosty霜状的silky丝绢光泽精品资料分享oilyvitreousglassy shinytranslucentearthy油脂

18、光泽透明的玻璃的 发亮的半透明的泥土状waxysootyveletysoapyresinous蜡状的乌黑色天鹅绒状肥皂状树脂状8,CEMENTATION胶结，胶结物calcitedolomitesulfatesiron oxidessilica pyriteclays silts方解石白云石硫酸盐氧化铁硅质 黄铁矿粘土 粉砂siderite菱铁矿9,STRUCTURE构造关于光泽一般常使用的词组有：The structure of sandstone refers to:massivelumpyplatylaminatedfoliated fissile块状团块状纹层状薄片状裂片状splint

19、eryflakey10, ACCESSORIES次生矿物The common but minor constituents of sandstones are:biotitemuscoviteglauconite pyrite黑云母白云母海绿石黄铁矿coalssolid hydrocarbonsfossils固态烃11,煤INCLUSIONSgypsum anhydrite石膏 无水石膏化石chert iron oxides 黑隧石 氧化铁夹杂物 noduies 结核体pellets of barite重晶石球pyritemudoolites coalconcretionary materia

20、ls黄铁矿 泥浆 鲕状岩 煤固结材料碳酸盐岩2.2.2 CarbonateAfter the lithology of the samples have been selected , the description of the carbonate can be do in the following order:岩样岩性选择好后，碳酸盐岩的描述可依以下顺序进行：1, COLOR 颜色 The normal colors of limestones and dolomites are: gray, white, buff, brown 石灰岩和白云岩的正常颜色是：灰色，白色，浅黄色，棕色2,

21、 GRAIN SIZE颗粒大小3, CHARACTOR OF GRAINS颗粒特征Fragments can be described in the same as sand grains: 碎屑可和砂岩一样进行描述 sharp angular subangular rounded globular spheroidal 尖棱角 棱角状 次棱角状 圆状 球形 扁球形 精品资料分享Oolites may be classed as: spheroidal, spherical, elliptical, irregular, flattened鲕粒可分类为：扁球形，球形，椭圆状，不规那么状，拉平状

22、4, TEXTURE结构see to the figure 2.3.4参见表2。 3。 45, STRUCTURES构造油气显示描述The structure feature of carbonate include: 碳酸盐岩构造特征包括：stylolitesfracturesmicrofractureslaminae bandingcrinkling柱状构造裂缝构造微裂缝构造纹层状 带状波状concretionswhorlsbrecciation结核状环状角砾状6, INCOUSIOUS夹杂物2.2.3 Hydrocarbon Show Description1, free oil in

23、mudHydrocarbon show description should be written in the following order: 油气显示的描述应按以下顺序来写： 泥浆中的游离油2, odor 油味，气味3, visible staining -color and percentage可视染色情况：颜色和所占百分比4, fluorescence: rate, color, intensity and percentage荧光显示情况：级别，颜色，强度和百分比5, cut: rate, color, intensity and natural color泡荧光情况：级别，颜色，

24、强度和自然颜色2.2.4 Examples描述范例Sst: at 3185m. gy-wh . v hd . 70% cse gr . 20% m gr. 10% f gr. Subrnd-rnd ireg shaped ctgs. Tr calc, no foss. No vis por. No fluo砂岩：井深： 3185 米，灰色 -白色，含 70%的粗砂， 20%的中砂， 10% 的细砂。 次圆 -圆状，岩屑形状不规那么，微含方解石。无化石。无可见孔隙。无荧光Ls: at 4255m. wh-gy. M hd . ireg shaped ctgs. 90% of ctgs show

25、v dri - yel/gld fluo. Abnt free oil in mud as globs 2mm in dia石灰岩： 井深： 4255 米， 白色 -灰色，中硬。岩屑形状不规那么。荧光灯下 90%的岩屑呈现亮黄 - 金黄色。 泥浆中富含游离油， 油花直径为 2 毫米。Terms and Phases in Discussion of Lithology Description岩性描述讨论中使用的术语standard log form the standard well log the conventional strip log 精品资料分享stratigraphic colu

26、mn section cross section vertical scale expended scales symbols , legends标准录井格式 标准录井图 常规条状录井图岩层柱状剖面图横剖面图垂直比例扩展比例岩性符号，图例岩性描述basic geologic work written description rock examination 岩石分析lithologic description根本的地质工作手绘描述岩石检验rock analysis岩石和矿物鉴定rock and mineral identification常规检验routine examination用稀释的盐

27、酸检验与酸反响 稀释盐酸稀释的热盐酸 起泡试验起泡程度degree of reaction 立即，剧烈 快速的 慢的 溶蚀面 剩余物本质反响程度test with dilute HCl treatment with aciddilute aciddot dilute hydrochloric acidthe effervescence testdegree of effervescenceimmediately and sharply quicklyslowlyacid polish, the etched surface nature of residuethe untreated rock

28、 fragment 未反响的岩石碎片非溶解剩余物insoluable residue与酸不反响 lack of reaction with acid溶解性岩石骨架物质the soluble matrix硬度hardness划岩石随片外表scratching the rock fragment surface区分不同岩性类型 distinguishing different lithic type thin section examination 薄片检验 颗粒骨架关系 grain-matrix relationship 颗粒胶结关系grain - cement relationship录井的方

29、法methods of logging不同岩石类别drilling cutting岩样的质量孔隙度估计岩性描述的标准顺序岩石组份颗粒大小粒级颗粒形状磨蚀痕迹颗粒分布interpreative system 解释系统 different rock types 岩性特征 lithologic characteristics 钻井岩屑 quality of samples percentage system百分比系统porosity estimates 精品资料分享scaning sample lithologic breaks扫描岩样 岩性中断the standard order of descr

30、iption rock compoents grain size size grade shape of grain evidence of wear distribution of grains孔隙度的检测与评价 detection and evaluation of porositythe volume of the void space in the rock岩石中有效空间的体积岩石传输流体的能力the capacity of a rock for transmitting a fluid有效孔隙度effective porosityqualitative estimates of th

31、e pore size孔隙大小的定量估计裂缝大小 size of vugs烃类的描述a decision factor明显显示 钻屑中烃类存在的正标志 气味强度 油味，凝析油味the description of hydrocarbon决定因素obvious showspositive indications of hydrocarbons in cuttings strength of odor oil odor, condensate odor新鲜断面 on a fresh broken surface含油岩碎片烃类物质荧光检测矿物荧光oil -bearing rock fragments

32、 examination of hydrocarbon fluorescence烃类荧光强度范围含油荧光extremely weak 非常弱 弱，一般，强hydrocarbon fluorescencethe intensity rangeoil fluorescence极弱very weakfair, strongweak,钻屑解释中存在的问题true cuttingsproblems in interpreting drilling cuttings 真实岩屑fresh cuttingflaky shape块状freshness of appearance cavings再循环物其他污染物

33、lost circulation materials 精品资料分享obviously foreign materials cement fragments rock dust powdered rock sample lag correction error foreign oil contamination pipe dope grease fuel oil新鲜岩屑新鲜断面坍塌物 re-circulation other contaminations 堵漏材料明显的外部物质 水泥碎片 岩石粉尘 粉末状岩石 岩屑迟后校正有误 外部油品污染 钻杆丝扣油 润滑油 燃料油mineral fluore

34、scence2.3 PETROLEUM GEOLOGY石油地质2.3.1 Application of Geology Concepts地质概念的应用geological factor地质因素early exploration早期勘探surface exploration地面勘探subsurface exploration地下勘探predrilling exploration钻前勘探geophysical exploration地球物理勘探geochemical exploration地球化学勘探seismograph地震仪the seismic method地震勘探法the gravimet

35、er method重力勘探法the magnetometer磁力勘探法ERSAT Earth Resource Satellite地球资源卫星exploration application勘探应用basin evaluation盆地评价wildcat wells区域范围内预探井2.3.2 Depositional Environment沉积环境depositional basin沉积盆地sedimentary environment沉积环境depositional environment沉积环境recent depositional environment近代沉积环境interpretatio

36、n of environment环境解释environment color环境颜色post-depositional history of the sediments沉积物的后沉积历史geological history地质历史history of deposit沉积历史depositional sequence沉积序列geochemical environment地球化学环境the significant indicators of environment of deposition沉积环境的明显标志精品资料分享diagnostic fossile特征化石internal structure

37、 of fossils化石的内部结构sedimentary structures沉积构造syngenetic structure compacting cementation同生构造压实作用胶结作用sorting oxidation分选作用氧化作用continental aeolian陆相风成deltaic风成三角洲 冲击三角洲 海陆过渡三角洲沉积相三角洲aeolianalluvialtransitional deltaic三角洲滨海沉积相coastal interdeltaic前三角洲平原海相沉积marine正常海相 normal marine大陆架浅海地区深海地区deep地质构造地壳运动地

38、壳运动contour map构造排列地层尖灭地层截断砂层趋势strata / beds褶皱向斜不对称倾伏背斜断层normal faultreverse fault精品资料分享thrust fault三角洲平原 deltaic plain prodeltaic plain大陆坡 slopedeep ocean areasshelfoffshore area深海Geological Structures earth movementcrustal movement of the earth等高线图，构造图the structural arrangement 古岸线old shorelinepinc

39、houttruncation of bedssand trend岩层，地层fold背斜anticlinesynclinesymme trical anticline对称背斜plunging asymme trical anticline plunging synclinefault倾伏向斜正断层逆断层逆掩断层lateral fault rotational fault upthrust fault unconformity discon conformity angular unconformity salt dome dome with deep salt core vitrinite地质剖

40、面平移断层 旋转断层 仰冲断层 不整合 假整合 角度不整合 盐丘 具有盐核的穹隆 镜质体 geological profile露头 outcrops 未经风化的露头 unweathered outcrops 岩屑 cuttings core 岩心 油气的成因与运移 2.3.4 Origin & Migration of Petroleum油气源a source of oil and gas沉积岩sedimentary rocks有机物质陆生有机物有机生物organic matterthe marine life 微生物，植物 沉积物land -delivered organic mat

41、ter living organisms海洋生物the microscope and plant lifesediment / deposit碎屑物 化学沉积物油母质clastic materialproteinschemical precipitatessource of petroleum蛋白质有机碳organic carbonthe organic carbon content干烙根有机碳的含量humuskerogen腐殖质泥碳peat重烃饱和烃 非饱和烃 非烃类化合物heavy hydrocarbon天然气的成因saturated hydrocarbonunsaturated hydr

42、ocarbon nonhydrocarbon compounds origin of petroleum 石油的成因 origin of gasmaturation of petroleum石油的成熟度精品资料分享缺氧的环境 in the absence of oxygen 生油岩 source rocksformation temperature geological age(maturity) depth of bural basin position occuurrence of petroleum salinity sulfur content crude oil gravity re

43、fractive index flash and burn point 浊点和倾点 膨胀系数 密度 气味 旋光性optical activity含蜡量一般流体静压力下coefficient of expansion原生水的运动上覆沉积物油气的运移地层温度 地质年龄成熟度 埋藏深度 盆地位置 石油的产状 矿化度 含硫量 原油的比重 折射率 闪光点和燃点 cloud and pour pointdensityodorwax contentunder normal hydrostatic pressuremovement of water自然驱动力 natural driving force ove

44、rlying sedimentmigrationprimary migration二次运移初次运移secondery migrationPetroleum Accumulation石油的聚集石油储集层储集岩sandstone reservoir碳酸盐岩储集层 有效的厚度 良好的储层孔隙度和渗透率 孔隙度 permeablitypetroleum reservoirreservoir rocks砂岩储集层carbonate reservoirsufficient thicknessgood reservoir porosity and permeable porosity 渗透率足够的面积和孔隙

45、空间sufficient areal extent and pore spacesolution channels溶洞fracturingthe porosity characteristic of rocks the intergranular porosity of sandstone 颗粒和晶体间的)粒间孔隙 interparticle 颗粒溶解引起的)粒间孔隙the pore space of rock formation reservoir pressure formation pressure裂隙岩石的孔隙特征砂岩的粒间孔隙intraparticle岩层孔隙空间储层压力地层压力精品

46、资料分享the hydrostatic pressure流体静压力the hydrostatical pressure gradient静水压力梯度trap圈闭basic reservoir traps储集层根本圈闭fault traps断层圈闭anticline traps背斜圈闭stratigraphic traps地层圈闭lenticular traps透镜体圈闭hydrocarbon traps烃类圈闭potential hydrocarbon traps潜在的烃类圈闭逆掩断层圈闭thrust traps水动力圈闭 hydrodynamic traps(moving liquid)上倾

47、尖灭updip termination of porosity岩性变化change in lithology地层敛合 convergence侵蚀 erosion断层faulting刺穿piercementonlap超覆上表层隆起arched upper surface褶皱folded不同厚度 differential thickness不同孔隙度differential porosity背斜储层结构anticline reservoir structureimpermeable cover非渗透性盖层页岩和蒸发岩shale and evaporitesOilfield Fluid2.3.6 油

48、田流体储集层流体reservoir fluidreservoir water储层水含水饱和度water saturation溶解固体的浓度concentration of dissolved solids溶解固体的成份composition of dissolved solidssaltwater盐水淡水freshwater原生孔隙水connate intertital water地下水样subsurface water sample地下流体subsurface liquidmobile liquid流性流体粘性流体viscous liquid流体分布fluid distributionoil zone油层精品资料分享gas zone气层water zone水层oil - water contact油水接触面gas-to-oil contact油气接触面gas cap气顶gas-to-oil transition zone油气过渡带oil /gas ratio油气比crude oil原油the liquid oil石油