初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第8辑

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第8辑（共20辑）课本要点难点梳理一、课文要点梳理1. 课本原句:Youd better try them on first. 你最好先试穿一下。 真题再现:Are you going to buy this pair of shoes? No, not before I _. A. take them off B. have them on C. put them on D. have tried them on要点点拨:take off 意思是“脱掉(衣服),(飞机)起飞”;have on意思是“穿着”(表状态);put on 意

2、思是“穿上”(表动作);try on意思是“试穿,试戴”。答案:D2. 课本原句:Thats a bit expensive. 有点贵。Even though theyre a little expensive, Ill take them. 尽管有点儿贵,我还是要买它们。真题再现:1)Do I have to get an injection? Yes. Dont be afraid. Its just _ painful. A. much too B. a lot C. a little D. much2)Its nothing serious. Youve just caught _ a

3、 cold. A. a bit B. a bit of C. a little D. a little of 要点点拨: a bit和a little 用在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词和副词的原级或比较级, 可换用。如:He likes Chinese food a bit(a little).他有点喜欢中国食品。 真题1)中painful 是形容词,二者都可用。 a bit of和 a little也可直接用在不可数名词前面。如:Please give me a bit of( a little)water.请给我点水。真题2)中cold为可数名词故不能用a little。答案:1)C 

4、; 2)B3.  课本原句:The singing sounded very beautiful.那唱腔很好听。     真题再现:How about the young lady?                       Its hard to say, but her voice _ beautiful. &#

5、160;                     A. sings      B. hears       C. listens       D. sounds   要点点拨:本题考查sound作连系

6、动词这一用法, A,B,C选项均不能用作连系动词。答案: D         另外,sound也可作名词,泛指自然界中的一切“声音”; voice 和noise也都译为“声音”, voice多指人讲话或唱歌时通过声带发出的“声音”;noise指“嘈杂声”、“吵闹声”等令人不快的较大的噪音。例如:1) Please keep quiet. If you make a lot of _, you may disturb others.  A. voice  B. noise  &

7、#160;C. sound   D. singing2) Who made a phone call for me just now, David?I dont know, but it was a girls _.   A. sound  B. number  C. answer   D. voice答案:1) B 2) D 4. 课本原句:We had our pictures taken in the middle of the square. 我们在广场中心叫人拍了照

8、片。 真题再现: Did you have anyone _ the trees? Yes. I had the trees _ . A. to water, water B. to water, watered C. water, to be watered D. water, watered要点点拨:“have +宾语+宾补” 结构有三种类型:have sb./sth. do 表示“使/请/让某人(物)做某事”,宾补所表示的动作由宾语发出; have sb./sth. done表示 “请或让某人做了某事”,宾语与宾补有逻辑上的被动关系。试比较: I dont have my son do

9、housework. 我不让儿子干家务。He had his bike repaired yesterday. (=He asked somebody to repair his bike yesterday.) 昨天他找人修理了他的自行车。答案:D 5. 课本原句:Its made of bamboo and animals hair.它是由竹子和动物毛的制成的。真题再现: Whats this T-shirt _ ?Cotton. A. made from B. made of C. made in D. made by要点点拨:be made of和 be made from都表示 “由

10、构成/制成”。一般说来用of 表示可以从成品中看出原材料,用from则看不出原材料;be made in后接地名,强调产地;be made by后接表示人的名词或代词, 强调制作者。答案:B6、 课本原句:Three quarters of the worlds books and newspapers are written in English.全世界3/4的书籍和报纸是用英文写的。More than three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English too!因特网上超过四分之三的信息也是英文呈现的。真题再现:

11、_ of the teachers in our school are women teachers.A. Three quarter B. Two thirds C. Second three D. Three four Two thirds of the work in our office _ by the computer last year.A. are done B. is done C. were done D. was done 要点点拨:英语中分数的表达方法是分子用基数词,分母用序数词;当分子超过1时,分母加s。如:1/3: one third; 2/3: two third

12、s。特殊的表达法有:1/2:a half; 1/4:a quarter; 3/4:three quarters等。分数、百分数在做主语时,谓语动词要随着分数,百分数of后的名词的单复数而变化。答案:B,D7、.课本原句:If you travel in India, France, Germany, or almost any other country in the world, you will still be able to use English. 如果你在印度、法国、德国、或几乎世界上任何别的国家旅游,你将仍然能使用英语。 真题再现:Jimmy is the oldest boy

13、and is taller than _ boy in the class.A. the other B. each C. any other D. allChongqing is bigger than _in Canada. A. any other city B. all the other cities C. any city D. the other cities 要点点拨:在使用比较级表示最高级的意义时要注意与any other的搭配使用,在相比较的两者属于同一范围或同一类别时,为避免与自身相比要用“any other +n.(单数)”或“the other +n.(复数)/all

14、 the others”等;如果两者不属于同一范围时,any后直接加比较对象即可。答案:C,8. 课本原句:I saw many old inventions on show. 我看到了许多正在展出的古老的发明物。And now there is a very special dinosaur on display.现在正好有一个非常特殊的恐龙展览。真题再现:Many kinds of new cars were _ in Beijing on June 10. A. on earth B. on show C. on land D. on watch 要点点拨:on show 与 on di

15、splay都是“展出,展览”的意思。on表示“正处于某种状态中”,与一些名词构成短语,如:on duty值日,on holiday度假,on business出差,on sale出售,on leave休假,on watch值班。答案:B9. 课本原句:They were all invented hundreds of years ago.他们都是几百年前发明的。真题再现:Many old inventions in this science museum were invented _ years ago.A. hundreds of B. hundred of C. two hundred

16、s D. two hundreds of 要点点拨: hundred, thousand等数词,直接加数字表示确切的数目“几百/千”等,如;five hundred, six thousand等;而表示约数时则加s和of,应说hundreds/thousands of.。答案A10. 课本原句:These eggs were found in the Gobi Desert by a group of scientists in the 1920s. 这些蛋是20世纪20年代在戈壁沙漠被一群科学家发现的。It was founded on October 1, 1949. 它是1949年10月

17、1日成立的。真题再现:Lucy, _ you _ your ticket?  Not yet.A. did, find     B. have, found  C. were, found    D. have, founded 要点点拨:find意为“找到,发现”,其过去式、过去分词为found, found; found意为“创立、建立”,其过去式、过去分词相同,都是founded。答案B11. 课本原句:How did it keep wine warm?  它是怎样使

18、酒保暖的? 真题再现:  Its hard to keep the house _ with three kids. A. cleaning  B. to clean C. cleaned  D. clean 要点点拨:“keep sb./sth. +形容词”表示“使某人/物保持某种状态”, 句中的形容词作宾语补足语。答案:D 12. 课本原句:Theres something wrong with my computer. It doesnt work. 我的计算机出了故障,它无法工作了。真题再现:I have to speak to my grand

19、pa loudly because theres _ with his ears. A. wrong something B. something wrong C. anything wrong D. nothing wrong 要点点拨:形容词修饰something, nothing, anything, everything等不定代词时要后置,故排除A。答案:B 13. 课本原句:All the computers must be shut down when you leave. 离开时你必须把所有的计算机关掉。真题再现:The whole company _ for a three w

20、eeks summer holiday. A. shut down B. shut offC. shut up D. shut away要点点拨:shut down意为“关闭;停工;歇业”;shut off意为“关掉(煤气)”等;shut up意为“关闭;住嘴”等;shut away意为“隔离;隔绝”。答案:A14. 课本原句: I think I shall read a book instead. 我想我还是看书吧。 真题再现: Coffee, please.           

21、            I dont like it. Could I have tea _.                         A. in spite   B. in spite of    &

22、#160;                    C. instead      D. instead of                 You look tired. _ workin

23、g indoors you should be out for a walk.                        A. Instead        B. Instead of           

24、                C. In front of     D. In spite of  要点点拨:instead意为“代替,顶替”,在句中用作状语,常放在句末,可不译出。注意:instead of意为“而不是”,后接名词、代词或v-ing等。 答案: C B15. 课本原句:Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 今日事,

25、今日毕。真题再现:Our sports meeting has been _ till next Monday because of the bad weather.A. put on   B. put up  C. put off   D. put down要点点拨: put on意为“穿上,上演”;put up意为“举起,挂起,张贴”;put off意为“推迟,延期”; put down意为“放下,写下,记下”。 答案:C二、课本疑难解析 1. I think I need a new pair of tennis sh

26、oes, too. 我想我也需要一双新的网球鞋。解析:(1)pair是指由两部分组成的一组东西,或由两个无法分开的部分组成的一个整体,如工具、衣着等。这些名词用在短语a pair of之后,如:a pair of shoes 一双鞋,a pair of glasses 一副眼镜,a pair of scissors 一把剪刀。(2)a pair of短语可用复数形式,如:three pairs of trousers 三条裤子,ten pairs of gloves 十副手套。(3)a pair of短语作主语时,谓语动词以pair的单复数为准。如:This pair of socks fit

27、s me well. 这双袜子我穿很合适。2. As she lives out in the country, there is no place to buy a very good camera. 由于她住在比较偏远的村子里,所以没有能买到好相机的地方。解析:句中的to buy a good camera 放在名词 place 之后作定语。不定式作定语应该注意两点:(1)不定式可以修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后。如: The students are the first to pass the exam. 这些学生是第一批通过考试的。(2)如果不定式中的动词是不

28、及物动词, 不定式所修饰的名词或代词又是不定式的逻辑宾语,不定式后面应加上相应的介词或副词。如: They have a lot of things to talk about.他们有很多事情要谈。He is looking for a room to live in.他正在找房子住。3. We had our pictures taken in the middle of the square.    我们在天安门广场中央照了相。解析:句中had our pictures taken 是have的一种常见的用法,即“have sth. done”,意思是“让某事被别人做”

29、、“请别人做某事”。这里使用过去分词作宾语补足语, 过去分词所表示的动作和宾语之间存在被动关系。如:I will have my TV set repaired tomorrow.明天我要找人修一下我的电视机。4、. When a German buys something from a Japanese, or an Indian sells some-thing to a Frenchman, they often use English. 当一个德国人从一个日本人手里买东西,或一个印度人把东西卖给一个法国人时,他们经常使用英语。解析:1) German, Japanese, Indian

30、, Frenchman都是表示某个国家的人的名词,它们的复数形式的构成有三种方式: 以-ese结尾的词,其单复数形式相同。例如:a Chinese(一个中国人) two Chi-nese, a Japanese(一个日本人) two Japanese 以-(i)an结尾的词,其复数形式为-(I ) ans。例如:a German(一个德国人) two Ger-mans, an Indian (一个印度人)two Indians 由“表示国家的形容词 + man/woman”构成的复合词,将man或woman中的字母a改为e。例如:a Frenchman/woman(一个法国男子/女子)two

31、Frenchmen/women an Englishman/woman(一位英国男子/女子) two Englishmen/women 2) buy sth. from sb. or some place的意思是“从某人或某地买某物”。例如:I often buy food from that shop. 我经常从那家商店买食物。 3) sell.to的意思是“把卖给”。例如: Dont sell cigarettes to children!不要把烟卖给孩子!5、 Wow, thats too expensive! I cant afford it. 哇,这太昂贵了!我担负不起。解析:动词a

32、fford的意思为“担负得起(的费用,损失,后果等)”,通常与can, could, be able to连用,后接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。例如:His family cant afford (to buy) such an expensive house. 他家买不起这么昂贵的房子。 6、And the price is OK. 并且价钱还可以。解析:price的意思为“价格”。当表示价格高低时,price不能与形容词dear (expensive)和cheap搭配,而要用high和 low。例如:With time going on, the price of this kind o

33、f computer is getting lower and lower. 随着时间的推移,这种电脑的价格变得越来越低了。7、That means dinosaurs lived long before human beings appeared! 那意味着恐龙生活在人类出现以前的很长一段时间里。解析:1) appear意为“出现”、“显露”,是不及物动词,没有被动语态。如:My friend didnt appear until seven oclock. 我的朋友7点钟才到。2) human being表示“人,人类”,是由“human”和“being”构成的。human意为“人(类)的

34、”,being意为“存在物;生物;人”,合为human being (人类)。其复数形式是在being后加-s。如: a human being 一个人,five human beings 五个人。8、Scientists try to explain their disappearance, but theyve got more questions than answers. 科学家试图解释它们消失的原因,但他们发现的疑问比找到的答案还要多。解析:1) explain意为“解释”,它的用法为:explain sth. to sb.或 explain to sb. wh-/that。如:Co

35、uld you explain the answer to me?你能给我解释一下这个答案吗?Can you explain to me the reason why you are late? 你能向我解释一下你为什么迟到到吗?2) try to do something意为“设法做”。如: He tried hard to pass the exam, but failed. 他试图通过考试,但失败了。9、It was discovered in Liaoning Province. 它是在辽宁省被发现的。解析:discover意为“发现”,表示发现原来已存在但人们还不知道的东西

36、,如某个地方或科学规律等,它与invent的区别为:invent意为“发明”,表示发明原先不存在的东西,诸如机器或工具等。试比较:Do you know who discovered America? 你知道谁发现了美洲吗?Edison invented the electric bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。10、 When the bowl was filled with hot water, the wine would get warm. 当碗里(被)盛满热水,酒就变热了。解析: be filled with意为“(被)盛满;(被)装满”,是fill.with.的被动结构,暗示外界主

37、语“使充满”。如:The bowl was filled with oil.  碗里(被)装满了油。另外,be full of也可表示“充满”,强调“充满的状态”;be filled with强调用于充满的“事物”。试比较:The pool was full of water. 池子里装满了水。The pool was filled with water.  池子里(被)注满了水。11、Come to school in your old clothes tomorrow. 明天穿旧衣服来学校。解析:in在句中的意思为“(指衣服)穿着;戴着”,表示状态,宾语除衣物外,还可以

38、是表示颜色的名词,意思为“穿颜色的衣服”。例如:1)The student in a T-shirt is from Shanghai. 穿T-恤衫的那位学生是上海人。2)The man in white is our English teacher. 穿着白衣服的那个人是我们的英语老师。 另外, wear, put on和dress也都有“穿”的意思,它们的区别是: wear指穿着的状态,宾语为衣物,可用于进行时态;put on指动作,宾语为衣物,一般不用于进行时态;dress既可指动作,又可指状态,当作及物动词时,宾语是人,常见结构有dress sb. in sth.等。试比较:1)The

39、 girl is wearing a new skirt. 那位女孩穿着一条新裙子。2)Dont forget to put on your coat when you go out. 出门时别忘了穿上大衣。3)She dressed Louis in his best blue jersey. 她给路易斯穿上了他最喜欢的蓝运动衣。 12、The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometres long, and between 400 and 1,700 kilometres wide.     绿色长城有7,000公里长,400到1,

40、700公里宽。解析:英语中,人们用“基数词+度量单位名词+形容词”的结构来表达某事物有“多长(高、深、宽、远、大等)”,这种结构在句中常作表语和定语,若作前置定语时,基数词、度量单位名词和形容词之间就需用连字符号,度量单位名词用单数形式。例如:1)It is said that the newly-built street is 2,000 metres long and 40 metres wide. 据说新建的那条街道长2,000米,宽40米。2)There is a 5-metre-wide river in front of our school.我们学校前面有一条5米宽的河流。13、

41、 In a few years time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too! 几年以后,那些山上也将被树木覆盖。解析:1) in后面接表示时间的词语,意为“多长时间之后”,“再过多长时间”。在“in.time”这个结构中,time前表示时间的名词如minute, hour, day, week, month, year等要用所有格形式。例如:His birthday is in two weeks time. 两个星期以后就是他的生日了。2) 在被动语态中,表示行为者的介词常用by, 但根据意思也可以用其他介词,要注意灵活运用。试

42、比较: The mountain is covered with snow. 山被雪所覆盖。The pot was covered by Jim. 这个罐子是被吉姆盖住的。 14、Thats how the computer was made in my home. 电脑就是这样在我家制造出来的。解析:how the computer was made in my home在句中作表语,称为表语从句。和宾语从句一样,表语从句的语序也为陈述语序,这部分语法内容今后会学到。例如:Thats why he didnt attend the meeting. 这就是他没有来参加会议的原因。 15、 I

43、 guess your father must be a computer engineer. 我猜你爸爸一定是个电脑工程师。解析:must be在句中表示对现在情况的一种肯定“推测”,常译作“一定是”(表示否定推测用cant)。例如: Lin Tao must be in the reading room. 林涛现在肯定在阅览室。 另外:“All the computers must be shut down when you leave.”中的must意为“必须”,“must be shut down”是含情态动词的被动结构,注意二者不要混淆。16、 The moon travels ro

44、und the earth. 月球绕着地球转。解析:round与around都可以作介词,表示“绕一周,围绕在的周围,在的四周;在的附近;绕过;大约、大概、左右”等意思。二者在用法上没有区别,美国人用around较多,英国人用round较多。句中的round完全可以换成around。例如: The little girls sat around/ round Mrs. Green playing games. 小姑娘们围坐在格林夫人周围做游戏。17、 It is only 380,000 kilometres away, and it has been visited by man already.    它(月球)离我们仅38万公里,人类已经造访过它了。解析:1) has been visited是现在完成时的被语动态,它的结构为“have/has been +过去分词”。例如:Five rooms have already been cleaned.  五间房子已经被打扫了。2) man在句中表示“人类”,作这种用法时,且前面不用冠词。例如:Man cant l