学院名称外文学院教研室基础英语教研室课程名称欧洲文化

1、教 案2010 2011学年 第 1 学期学 院 名 称 外 文 学 院 教 研 室 基 础 英 语 教 研 室 课 程 名 称 欧 洲 文 化 入 门 授 课 对 象 2010级（1,2,3,翻译,商务班） 授 课 教 师 张 华 鸿 职 称 副 教 授 教 材 名 称 Brief Introduction to Western Culture2010年 8 月 31 日 授课题目（教学章、节或主题）：1. The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations授课类型讨论课授课时间第4周第1-2 节教学目的、要求（例如识记、理解、简单应用、综合应用等层

2、次）：Understanding the rise of human civilization in the Near East.教学内容（包括基本内容、重点、难点）： 1. THE RISE OF CIVILIZATIONS 2. CIVILIZATION IN MESOPOTAMIA 3. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION Key point for discussion: 1. What are the characteristics of civilization? 2. What are some explanations for why early civilizatio

3、ns emerged?3. How did geography contribute to the civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia and Egypt?4. What role did religion play in the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt? 教学过程设计（要求阐明对教学基本内容的展开及教学方法与手段的应用、讨论、作业布置）：To start with the discussion on international conflicts today to arouse the stud

4、ents interest in the study of the cultural development geographically and historically.Assignments for further discussion:1. What were the chief legacies of Mesopotamia and Egypt to later civilizations?2. In what way were the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt alike, and different?Means of instr

5、uction: multi-media参考资料（含参考书、文献等）：Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2004授课题目（教学章、节或主题）：2. The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires授课类型讨论课授课时间第5周第1-2节教学目的、要求（例如识记、理解、简单应用、综合应用等层次）：Understanding the early peoples and empires in the Near East.教学内容（包括基本内容、重点、难点）： 1. IMPACT OF THE INDO-EUROPEANS2. “T

6、HE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL” 3. THE ASSYRIAN EMPIRE 4. THE PERSIAN EMPIRE Key point for discussion:1. In what way was the Jewish faith unique in the ancient Near East, and how did it develop? 2. What effect did the other peoples in the ancient Near East have on the history of Israel and the development of

7、 the Jewish faith?3. What methods and institutions did the Assyrians and Persians use to amass and maintain their respective empires?教学过程设计（要求阐明对教学基本内容的展开及教学方法与手段的应用、讨论、作业布置）：To start with the historical review of Ancient Near East before the discussion on the empires there.Assignments for further d

8、iscussion:1. What were the chief teachings of Zoroastrianism, and what was its role in the Persian Empire? 2. What is the relationship between the political history of the Israelites and the evolution of their religious beliefs?Means of instruction: multi-media参考资料（含参考书、文献等）：Microsoft Encarta Refere

9、nce Library 2004授课题目（教学章、节或主题）：3. The Greek Civilization授课类型讨论课授课时间第6周第1-2节教学目的、要求（例如识记、理解、简单应用、综合应用等层次）：Understanding the nature of historical contribution of the Ancient Greeks.教学内容（包括基本内容、重点、难点）： 1. INTRODUCTION2. GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS 3. EARLY GREECE4. AGE OF GREEK CITY-STATES 5. CLASSICAL GREECE K

10、ey point for discussion:1. How did the geography of Greece affect Greek history? 2. What was polis, or city-state, and how did the city-states of Athens and Sparta differ?3. What effect did the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian Warthe two great conflicts of the fifth century B.C.have on Greek civil

11、ization?4. On what ideals was classical Greek art based, and how were these ideals expressed? 5. What questions did the Greek philosophers pose, and what answers did they suggest?6. Why are the Greeks considered the cornerstone of the Western intellectual tradition?7. How was Alexander able to amass

12、 his empire, and what might his rule have been like he had lived?8. Which religions were prominent during the Hellenistic period?教学过程设计（要求阐明对教学基本内容的展开及教学方法与手段的应用、讨论、作业布置）：To start the discussion by comparing the Greek and Near East cultural features to draw the students attention to the particular f

13、eatures in civilization.Assignment for further discussion:1. How was the Hellenistic period different from the Greek Classical Age?2. What were the chief legacies of Ancient Greece?Means of instruction: multi-media参考资料（含参考书、文献等）：Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2004授课题目（教学章、节或主题）：4. The Roman Rep

14、ublic授课类型讨论课授课时间第7周第1-2节教学目的、要求（例如识记、理解、简单应用、综合应用等层次）：Understanding the Roman contribution to world culture in terms of politics and law.教学内容（包括基本内容、重点、难点）： 1. INTRODUCTION2. THE EMERGENCE OF ROME3. THE ROMAN REPUBLIC 4. CONQUEST OF THE MEDITERRANEAN5. ROMAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE6. FALL OF THE REPUBLI

15、C 7. LEGACY OF THE ROMAN REPUBLICKey points for discussion:1. What influence did the Etruscans and Greeks have on early Roman history? 2. What policies and institutions (制度) help explain the Romans success in conquering first Italy and then the entire Mediterranean world?3. What were the characteris

16、tics of the Roman family, and how did the family change between the early and the late Republic?4. How did the acquisition of an empire affect Roman social and economic institutions, values and attitudes, and art and literature?教学过程设计（要求阐明对教学基本内容的展开及教学方法与手段的应用、讨论、作业布置）：To start with the discussion o

17、n Greek cultural influence on the evolution of Roman culture to arouse the interest of the students in the understanding the nature of Greco-Roman culture.Assignment for further discussion:1. What were the main problems Rome faced during the last century of the Republic, and how were they ultimately

18、 resolved?2. What did the Roman poet Horace mean when he wrote, “Captive Greece took captive her rude conqueror”?Means of instruction: multi-media参考资料（含参考书、文献等）：Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2004授课题目（教学章、节或主题）：5. The Roman Empire授课类型讨论课授课时间第8,9周第1-2 节教学目的、要求（例如识记、理解、简单应用、综合应用等层次）：Understanding

19、 the nature of Christian culture and the nature of Jesus Christ教学内容（包括基本内容、重点、难点）： 1. INTRODUCTION2. AGE OF AUGUSTUS 3. THE EARLY EMPIRE 4. CULTURE & SOCIETY IN EARLY EMPIRE 5. CRISIS AND THE LATE EMPIRE 6. THE ROMAN LEGACY Key points for discussion:1. In his efforts to solve the problems Rome h

20、ad faced during the late Republic, what changes did Augustus make in Romes political, military, and social institutions? 2. What were the chief features of the Roman Empire at its height during the second century?3. What problems did the Roman Empire face during the third century?4. What reforms did

21、 Diocletian and Constantine institute, and were they successful in solving the empires problems? 教学过程设计（要求阐明对教学基本内容的展开及教学方法与手段的应用、讨论、作业布置）：To start with the discussion on the causes of the founding of the Roman Empire to arouse the students interest in development of the Empire.Assignments for furth

22、er discussion:1. What lessons can be learned from the fall of the Roman Empire?. 2. Can you indicate one feature that makes the Roman Empire different from the Chinese empires?Means of instruction: multi-media参考资料（含参考书、文献等）：Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2004授课题目（教学章、节或主题）：6. The Transformation

23、 of the Roman World授课类型讨论课授课时间第10周第1-2节教学目的、要求（例如识记、理解、简单应用、综合应用等层次）：Understanding the social background that contributes to the beginning of the Middle Ages教学内容（包括基本内容、重点、难点）： 1. How long did the Middle Ages last?-AD 3501450 2. What was the greatest feature of the Middle Ages politically? Church/st

24、ate as one3.Why is the beginning of the Middle Ages described as transformations of the Roman world?AD 350-6004.What were historical backgrounds of the birth of Christianity?5.What was the particular symbolic significance of the Christian God as against the pagan gods?The image of God as against the

25、 supreme power of the emperor is a symbol of order, equality and love. 6.What were historical backgrounds of the birth of the Byzantine, Islam and the west? (one-God belief)a. The Roman Empire grew too large to control by one emperor and to resist the Persians and Germans;b. The emperor assimilated

26、Germans.c. Its western half came to fragment into smaller and weaker kingdoms. 7.What were their particular features?Trade center; centralized power; thriving trade; centralized power; poor: cities depopulated and land unproductive; fragmented power;8.What were their common features?One God, rural m

27、eans, local power.Key point for discussion:What were historical backgrounds of the birth of the Byzantine, Islam and the west?教学过程设计（要求阐明对教学基本内容的展开及教学方法与手段的应用、讨论、作业布置）：To start with the discussion on the notion of the Middle Ages to arouse the attention of students to the historical relationship bet

28、ween the Roman Empire and the Middle ages.Assignments for further discussion:1.Discuss the fall of the Roman Empire from the perspective of historical materialism. 2.What do you think you can learn from the historical lessons of the Roman Empire?Means of instruction: multi-media参考资料（含参考书、文献等）：Micros

29、oft Encarta Reference Library 2004授课题目（教学章、节或主题）：7. The Early Middle Ages授课类型讨论课授课时间第11周第1-2节教学目的、要求（例如识记、理解、简单应用、综合应用等层次）：Understanding the social features of the Early Middle Ages教学内容（包括基本内容、重点、难点）： 1. Why do we say that Merovingian kings & queens laid the foundations for the formation of late

30、r Europe?2. How did these Germanic Franks control the West? 3. How did they dividthe kingdoms and fought among themselves.4. What Roman institutions did they adopt? 5. Why were they allied with Christian churches.6. What are the features of the Early Middle Ages? 7. When did the Carolingians became

31、powerful? 7518. How many years in all did they maintain they power? Till 11009. What was the first powerful empire after the fall the Roman Empire called?Charlemagne empire 10. How long did it last? 768-814? 11. What was it later called? later known as Holy Roman Empire12. Why was it called 13. How

32、large was the Holy Roman Empire?14. What was the Carolingian Renaissance?15. What was the economic feature of the Charlemagne empire?Economy: farming and trade;16. What was the development of the Charlemagne empire?Key point for discussion:What was the significance of the Carolingian Renaissance?教学过

33、程设计（要求阐明对教学基本内容的展开及教学方法与手段的应用、讨论、作业布置）：To start the discussion with the role of Germanic culture in the development of the West to enable students to associate its relation with the Greco-Roman culture historically.Assignment for further discussion:Discuss the nature of Early Middle Ages from the pe

34、rspective of historical materialism.Means of instruction: multi-media参考资料（含参考书、文献等）：Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2004授课题目（教学章、节或主题）：8. The Central Middle Ages (1)授课类型讨论课授课时间第12周第1-2节教学目的、要求（例如识记、理解、简单应用、综合应用等层次）：Understanding the social and religious features of the Central Middle Ages教学内容（包括

35、基本内容、重点、难点）： 1. How long did the Central Middle Ages last? 1100-13002. What were the economic features of the Central Middle Ages? growth3. How did the. agricultural change take place?4. What factors contributed the urban growth?5. How did schools and universities develop in the Central Middle Ages?

36、6. What factors contributed their development?7. What were the major disciplines in the field of education then?law, medicine, philosophy, theology as the focus;Key point for discussion:What were the greatest features of the Central Middle Ages in education and agriculture? 教学过程设计（要求阐明对教学基本内容的展开及教学方

37、法与手段的应用、讨论、作业布置）：To start with the discussion on the social changes in the Central Middle Ages to draw the attention of the students to religious concerns.Assignment for further discussion:What was the greatest event leading to the consolidation of the power of papacy?by Gregorian VII -1085 papacy-w

38、ith church courts, Fourth Lateran Council, involved in politics;参考资料（含参考书、文献等）：Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2004授课题目（教学章、节或主题）：9. The Central Middle Ages (2)授课类型讨论课授课时间第13周第1-2节教学目的、要求（例如识记、理解、简单应用、综合应用等层次）：Understanding the political features of the Central Middle Ages教学内容（包括基本内容、重点、难点）： 8.

39、What were the new-style monarchies like? England-systemic feudal rule 1066; France-growing by King Philip II; Germany- Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II in conflict with papacy; Spain-made by conquering Muslim; 9. art, architecture and sculpture: Romanesque & Gothic10. monastery: self-sufficient u

40、nit-in which monks lived and worked as models of virtue & piety, respected by kings/nobles-wealthy/powerful;11. aggression and suppression: the Fourth Crusade 1109 as a siege of a Christian city; conversion of Slavs; anti-Semitism; anti-heretics;Key point for discussion:What were the greatest fe

41、atures of the Central Middle Ages in politics and art? 教学过程设计（要求阐明对教学基本内容的展开及教学方法与手段的应用、讨论、作业布置）：To start with the discussion on the social changes in the Central Middle Ages to draw the attention of the students to religious and political concerns.Assignment for further discussion:Consult the encyc

42、lopedia for the four Crusades to see their particular features.Means of instruction: multi-media参考资料（含参考书、文献等）：Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2004授课题目（教学章、节或主题）：10. The Late Middle Ages 授课类型讨论课授课时间第14周第1-2节教学目的、要求（例如识记、理解、简单应用、综合应用等层次）：Understanding the social features of the Late Middle Ages教学

43、内容（包括基本内容、重点、难点）： 1. What are the features of the Late Middle Ages? crises/renewal 1300-2. What factors contributed to the starvation?lack of farming land to meet the growing populationforests/marshland were exploited;3. What was the disastrous plague in Europe? When and how did it spread?Black Deat

44、h-1348-1359 from Italy;4. What was the longest warfare in Europe in the Late Middle Ages? 1337-14535. What was the main cause of the Hundred Years War?6. What marked the Hundred Years War to be different from wars before? the chivalry and knightly warfare replaced by guns/cannons; 7. What was the em

45、otional effect on the French people by Hundred Years War?French nationalism aroused;8. What caused Papacy to decline?conflict with king; Wycliffes salvation by the study of Bible, not through rituals of priests; Key points for discussion:What is the historical significance of the Middle Ages? seeds

46、of todaya. universities; liberal arts; laws; b. state system, nationalism by Joan of Arc; separation of church/state;c. cities as commercial centers more than political and religious ones;d. a history of ceaseless borrowing, adaptation, and change: Romans, Franks, Visigoths mingled, fought and reapp

47、eared in new forms;教学过程设计（要求阐明对教学基本内容的展开及教学方法与手段的应用、讨论、作业布置）：To start with the discussion on major factors that contributed to the decline of the Middle Ages and let students think over the historical heritage of the Middle Ages.Assignment for further discussion:Compare the Middle Ages and the Chine

48、se history of feudalism to see their differences and similarities.Means of instruction: multi-media参考资料（含参考书、文献等）：Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2004授课题目（教学章、节或主题）：11. The Renaissance (1)授课类型讨论课授课时间第15周第1-2节教学目的、要求（例如识记、理解、简单应用、综合应用等层次）：Understanding the cause and significance of the European R

49、enaissance 教学内容（包括基本内容、重点、难点）： 1. What were the backgrounds of the Renaissance historically? 14-16 C.A. famine, plague, war, and religious dissent, Latin of the church, of law courts, of Scholasticism in Europe;B. new birth of ancient Roman Latin for native literature as by Petrarch, the Italian poe

50、t, to describe ideas of humanism and patriotism. 2. What were the characteristics of the Renaissance?A. rediscovery of Classical Literature and Art as objects of ideal beauty or learning, instead of professional work of theologians/philosophers;B. curiosity about the objective world; & interest

51、in the morality of human actions, instead of abstract talks of religious issues;C. Individualism: concept of fame & education for overall development;. 3. What interpretations were given by scholars of the Renaissance?A. as rebirth of art that was inspired by ancient Greco-Roman glories; as rebi

52、rth of republican government in ancient Rome before emperors; as rebirth of Greco-Roman arts in the reform of Christian society; as the beginning of the modern era with a fundamental individualism;B. as gradual change based on the high order of civilized Middle Ages;. Key point for discussion:What w

53、ere the economic & social basis of the Renaissance?A. changing economy: B. urban society: C. rural society: 教学过程设计（要求阐明对教学基本内容的展开及教学方法与手段的应用、讨论、作业布置）：To start with the discussion on the notion of the Renaissance and its central spirit-humanism to arouse the students interest in the source of mod

54、ern capitalism.Assignment for further discussion:Compare the Renaissance and the May 4 Movement in China to their differences and similarities in the struggle against feudalism. Means of instruction: multi-media参考资料（含参考书、文献等）：Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2004授课题目（教学章、节或主题）：12.The Renaissance

55、(2)授课类型讨论课授课时间第16周第1-2节教学目的、要求（例如识记、理解、简单应用、综合应用等层次）：Understanding the historical influence of the European Renaissance教学内容（包括基本内容、重点、难点）： 1. How did the Renaissance affect the church and religion? A. a society based on money rather than faith hit the Catholic Church; B. popular heretical religion emerged proposed to do away with church; C. Mystics sought direct revelations from God without the church so as to deepen the religious life of the individuals; D. many huma