电力工程专业技术英语培训教材

1、电力工程专业技术英语培训教材电力工程专业技术英语培训教材说明1.教材选编原则·本教材的选编，针对具有一定英文基础、长期从事电力工程建设的工程技术管理人员，侧重选取易记易懂的电力建设领域各种英文文献；·本教材内容针对的是电力工程建设、运营涉及的专业技术英语方面，而非技术领域本身。授课人重点分析解读文献中所涉及的语汇、表达，使学员能够学以致用、举一反三。2.对各章内容的分析，我们按Contents（原文内容）、Notes to the text（文本中难点疑点的注释）、Key words explanation & Examples（关键词语的扩展及举例）和Key Te

2、rms（常用主要术语）四个小栏目，将重点解释说明、扩展应用的内容分别列入相应栏目，让学员一目了然，利于学员理解应用。3.文中解释说明、扩展应用的内容，尽可能采用英文，不作汉语说明，以期使学员更多的记牢同一内容的多个表达。4.本教材中如有错误和不当之处，敬请批评指正。目 录第一章 XXX核电站可行性研究报告选读1-11.SUMMARY REPORT1-21.1INTRODUCTION1-21.2.JOINT FEASIBILITY STUDIES AND FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT1-32.SELECTION OF EQUIPMENT1-62.1CHOICE OF REAC

3、TOR TYPE1-62.2.EVALUATION OF EQUIPMENT VENDORS1-72.3SAFETY STANDARDS1-82.4.QUALITY ASSURANCE1-92.5.DECOMMISSIONING1-102.6.RADIOACTIVE WASTES1-102.7.CONTRACTING METHODS AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT1-102.8.PROGRAM1-112.9.NUCLEAR FUEL1-12第二章 法国XXX核电站培训教材选读2-11.SECTION 3 CIVIL WORKS2-21.1GENERAL LAY OUT2-21.2

4、FOUNDATIONS2-31.3REACTOR BUILDING2-41.4FUEL BUILDING2-71.5NUCLEAR AUXILIARY BUILDING AND COMPONENT COOLING SYSTEM BUILDING2-71.6ELECTRICAL BUILDING2-71.7TURBINE HALL2-81.8WATERWORKS2-101.9OTHER BUILDINGS2-102.SECTION 5 POWER CONVERSION2-122.1STEAM TURBINE2-122.2SEPARATOR-SUPERHEATERS2-142.3GENERATOR

5、2-142.4CONDENSER2-152.5FEEDWATER HEATING SYSTEM2-162.6MAIN STEAM LINES2-202.7TURBINE BY-PASS2-202.8CIRCULATING WATER SYSTEM2-213.SECTION 11 FIRST RESULTS2-223.1TIME ALLOWED2-223.2SHUTDOWN FOR REFUELING2-253.3OPERATION2-253.4MAIN PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED2-303.5EXPERIENCE FEEDBACK2-333.6LESSONS LEARNED FR

6、OM THREE MILE ISLAND2-33第三章 信函格式及语言规范化3-1第四章 事故调查报告、现场变更要求及 商务变更建议的格式内容及语言特点4-11.事故调查报告示例4-12.文件措辞技巧（DOCUMENT WORDING SKILL ）示例4-32.1EXAMPLE 1质量监督缺陷报告（QSDR）的格式及措辞4-32.2EXAMPLE 2现场变更要求（FIELD CHANGE REQUEST , FCR）4-42.3EXAMPLE 3商务变更建议(COMMERCIAL CHANGE PROPOSAL , CCP)4-52.4EXAMPLE 4商务变更建议(COMMERCIAL C

7、HANGE PROPOSAL , CCP)的执行4-6第五章 经济合同条款描述的规范用语及例句分析说明5-1第一章 XXX核电站可行性研究报告选读本章内容摘自XXX核电站可行性研究报告Summary Report概要报告(节选)和Selection of Equipment设备选型(节选)。该报告语言简练，内容涉及核电站核岛与常规岛技术、设备各方面，无复杂冗长句，易懂易记。其中典型句式，规范表达非常适合于具备一定英文基础的工程技术人员学习应用。Contents (English Version)Notes to the textKey words explanation & Examp

8、lesKey Terms1.SUMMARY REPORT概要报告1.1INTRODUCTION1.1.1ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to explore the feasibility of developing a nuclear power station in XXX to be jointly owned by XXX Power Company (GPC) and China Light & power Company (CLP) in association with other Hong Kong interests. Th

9、e study covered a wide range of aspects with emphasis on economics, technology and safety. The major items included were the cost estimates, source of finance, loan repayment capability, benefit and profit analyses, plant size, unit capacity, transmission requirements, equipment selection, reactor t

10、ype, site selection and nuclear safety.Explore the feasibility of.；geological exploring teamgeological survey party(team)in association with与结合(联合)，联合会(协会、学会)other Hong Kong interests ：行业，同业者Cost estimatesSource of financeLoan repayment capabilityBenefit & profit analysisPlant size, unit capacit

11、yTransmission requirementsEquipment selectionReactor typeSite selection/siting & Nuclear safetyThis feasibility report has been jointly prepared by GPC and CLP for submission to their respective Board of Directors and Governments for approval.Proposals submitted to the competent authority for ap

12、proval1.1.2BackgroundThe power supply industry in XXX province has developed very fast in the past thirty-one years. However, due to their internal policy on fuel and for other reasons, electricity supply in XXX has not been able to meet the demand. In order to fulfil the Four Modernisation Plan and

13、 to meet the pressing need for more electricity, it is necessary to develop nuclear power generation in parallel with coal-fired, shale-fired and hydroelectric generation developments in the Province.Power supply industry 电力工业Due to /because of Electricity supply电力供应Be able to /be capable of Pressin

14、g need /urgent need 迫切需要Nuclear power generation; 核能发电in parallel with 在的同时The growth of the power supply industry in Hong Kong has been very rapid in the last few decades. However, due to the world energy crisis and political instability in certain oil exporting countries the price of oil has incre

15、ased substantially and has affected the development and sales of electricity in Hong Kong. Consequently, it is now considered beneficial to develop nuclear power generation in parallel with the coal-fired plant now under construction.Obviously /greatly/substantially consequently, as a result of the

16、above;Beneficial to 对.有益的The economic ties between the neigbouring XXX Province and Hong Kong are very strong. The electricity purchase agreement which was signed by GPC and CLP in 1979 has established a friendly and good working relationship between the two Companies. In order to meet future demand

17、 in both systems and to diversify fuel sources, it would be of common interest to jointly develop a nuclear power station in XXX taking full advantage of the geographical conditions in XXX and the electricity sales markets in both locations.Electricity purchase agreement/power purchase agreementdive

18、rsify 多样化，多元化From technological and safety points of view, nuclear power generation is considered to be well developed for commercial applications. From an economic viewpoint, despite its higher capital cost, the overall price of electricity would be lower than that of a coal-fired station and much

19、lower than that of a power station burning oil. Nuclear generation is therefore widely used in certain industrial countries and is becoming more popular in the developing nations which lack indigenous source of fuel.As viewed fromFrom the viewpoint of .To be well developed for commercial application

20、s/用途，目的Be of worthy development for commercial applicationsDespite尽管despite the fact thatFor the reasons given above, it was agreed to carry out a feasibility study on the joint development of a nuclear power station in XXX Province.In view of what has been mentioned above1.2.JOINT FEASIBILITY STUDI

21、ES AND FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORTIn an exploratory meeting held between GPC and CLP in Guangzhou on 21st November 1979, both parties agreed to set up an trengthened to study various aspects of joint nuclear generation development and to prepare a feasibility report. Should the joint development be fou

22、nd to be viable by the management of the two Companies, the report would be submitted to the XXX Provincial Government and the Hong Kong Government for approval.Exploratory meetingShould the report would be如果，Be viable 可行的，适用的, practicable/applicableIn view of the fact that further site and equipmen

23、t investigational work has yet to be carried out and the economic evaluation in the study was based on a large number of assumptions, this feasibility study report can only be suitable for approval in principle by the two Governments.In view of the fact thatIn principle 原则上only be suitable for appro

24、val in principle by the two Governments:只适用于两地政府批准1.2.1Organisation of the Feasibility Study TeamCommittees were set up on three levels with their trengthened and major tasks described as follows. The trengthened chart is shown in Appendix 1.其组织机构与主要任务分述如下：Executive CommitteeThe Executive Committee.

25、 Was formed by an equal number of members nominated by GPC and CLP and the Joint Chairmen of the Committee were Mr. Shih Chao-hsiang of GPC and Sir Lawrence Kadoorie of CLP.The Executive Committee supervised and controlled all subordinate working groups carrying out the feasibility study and was res

26、ponsible for making all major decisions. This Committee would also submit the joint feasibility report to the respective Governments for approval.Seven Executive committee meetings have been held since November 1979 and the major decisions in the meeting are tabulated in Appendix 2Management GroupTh

27、e Management Group was also formed by an equal number of members of the two Companies and the Joint Chairmen were Mr. Chen Gang of GPC and Mr. W.F. Stones of CLP.The Management Group would be responsible to the Executive Committee for the management and coordination of the feasibility study carried

28、out by the four working subcommittees. The Management Group was also responsible for preparing the joint feasibility report for submission to the Executive Committee.Be responsible for.Seventeen Management Group meetings have been held since the commencement of the study.Working Sub-committeesFour W

29、orking Sub-committees covering economics, site-selection, equipment and system-design were formed and worked under the guidance and direction of the Management Group in . carrying out the investigations and in drafting the relevant parts of the feasibility report.1.2.2Joint Feasibility Study ReportT

30、he report is written in both Chinese and English and is contained in five volumes as listed below. The contents have been agreed by members of the two companies participating in the feasibility study.As listed below/as shown below/as sated belowpart ISummary ReportThis report presents the background

31、 of the feasibility study and summarises the findings and agreement on all important aspects of the feasibility study. Conclusions and recommendations are also included.Part IISystem Design ReportThis report was prepared by the System Design Sub-committee and covers all aspects of the power system d

32、esign associated with the proposed joint nuclear development. It includes the rationale for determining the size of nuclear reactor, studies on the integration of the two transmission systems and principles of plant operation and load dispatching.Was prepared by .Worked out/written, formulateddevelo

33、ped byrationale 合理解释，基本理由。, integration of the two transmission systems整合，一体化，Part IIIEquipment Study ReportThis report was prepared by the Equipment Sub-committee and reports on the nuclear safety requirements, technical details of the nuclear and conventional equipment, selection of equipment vend

34、ors, contracting method, programme and fuel supply.Part IVEconomics ReportThis report was prepared by the Economics Sub-committee and covers the financial and economical aspects of the joint nuclear project including cost estimates, loan arrangements, operating profit forecast and economic compariso

35、n with coal-fired power station.In comparison with cost estimates, loan arrangement, operating profit forecast, economic comparison with coal-fired power station.Part VSite Selection ReportThis report was prepared by the Site Selection Sub-committee and gives details of all investigation work associ

36、ated with the selection of a possible site for a joint nuclear power station. Special attention has been paid to the safety, environmental, geological, seismological and hydrographic aspects.安全、环保、地质、地震、水文等各个方面。2.SELECTION OF EQUIPMENT2.1CHOICE OF REACTOR TYPEPressurised Water Reactors are used in 5

37、1% of the worlds existing nuclear power plants. For plants now under construction, the PWR share is increased to 64%. The standard sizes of reactor produce electrical power outputs of 600 MW (2 loop plant), 900-1000 MW (3 loop plant) and 1200-1300 MW (4 loop plant) . The majority of plants now under

38、 construction have power outputs in the range 900-1300 MW.PWRPressurised Water ReactorsPWR share, 比例，份额power outputsSince the commissioning of the first PWR in 1957, over 500 reactor-years of operating experience have been obtained and there are currently 77 reactors in operation with electrical pow

39、er outputs greater than 150 MW. Although there is a considerable variation in operating performance between the various power plants, experienced utilities normally achieve capacity factors near 70% after 3 to 4 years of operation.Capacity factors负载系数，负荷系数，设备利用率，容量系数The current designs of PWR are th

40、e result of a steady technical advance and are based upon a wide body of experience and research work. The design philosophy at the present time is one of trengthenedn and attention to details in order to improve reactor performance. Although major problems such as steam generator corrosion have occ

41、urred, technical solutions to these problems are available.Wide body of experiencedesign philosophysteam generator corrosionThe safety of PWR plant has been examined and analysed throughout the world. The recent accident at Three Mile Island demonstrated that the present designs are capable of copin

42、g with serious accidents which are brought about by a number of combined faults. The Three Mile Island accident has however stimulated the reactor industry to consider new types of accident and to appreciate the importance of interactions between the plant and operating personnel.Cope with-deal with

43、, solve, overcome;bring about, 引起，产生，造成stimulated encourage, excite, enable;appreciate evaluate, assessmentThere are already 15 countries using trengthene water reactors and as a result there is wide experience available of PWR design, manufacture, construction and operation. By adopting the PWR, th

44、e Joint Venture will be able to draw on this background of technical expertise and experience.draw on, deploy, make use of The construction cost of a PWR plant is comparable with the cost of an equivalent BWR plant and less than the cost of equivalent AGR or CANDU plants. PWR plants are supplied by

45、a large number of vendors. The final choice of reactor supplier can therefore be made both on technical and financial grounds.Be comparable with与相当。BWR-Boiling Water Reactors AGR-Advanced Gas cooled Reactors 改进型气冷堆It is therefore concluded that on the grounds of overall cost, available operating exp

46、erience, the considerable worldwide programme on safety evaluation and the fact that a choice is available between several potential reactor vendors, the most suitable type of reactor for the joint nuclear power station, is the PWR.It is therefore concluded that on the grounds of overall cost, 以为理由，

47、based on (reasons)the fact that 同位语从句a choice is available between.2.2.EVALUATION OF EQUIPMENT VENDORSThe ultimate choice of equipment vendors will take the following points into consideration :-Their designs should be up-to-date, safe and reliable, offering ease of operation and maintenance and mat

48、ure operational experience. A trengthened design of nuclear steam supply system (NSSS) would be preferred. The turbine generator must be technically compatible with the NSSS.Offering ease of operation & / easy to operate and maintain;mature proven,NSSS-Nuclear Steam Supply System核蒸汽供应sys.There m

49、ust be no problems associated with obtaining equipment from the countries of manufacture. Any stipulations made by the vendors Government on nuclear equipment and nuclear fuel must be acceptable to the Government of the Peoples Republic of China,be acceptable toThe price and financing terms must be

50、competitive, taking account of any assistance with financing available from the vendors government. The vendors must be prepared to accept a scope of responsibility and a contracting method appropriate to the Joint Venture.Financing terms, 融资条款be competitive 具竞争力的appropriate to . Suitable forCompeti

51、tive bidding For the feasibility study a preliminary technical assessment has been made of reactor and turbine generator vendors and those considered capable, in principle, of satisfying the requirements of the Joint Venture have been identified. Meetings have been held with these vendors and the ma

52、jor aspects of the specification and performance of their plant have been listed for comparison. When the Joint Venture Company is formed a more detailed technical comparison can be made and this, together with an economic comparison, will ultimately enable decisions on the vendors to be taken. The

53、conclusions reached at this stage are as follows :-For the feasibility study,Regarding feasibility studyThe conclusions drawn at this stagea preliminary technical assessment 初步技术评价(估)Reactor VendorsThere are six major companies who are currently designing and manufacturing nuclear steam supply syste

54、ms based on the trengthene Water Reactor. These companies are Babcock & Wilcox, Combustion Engineering, Framatome, Kraftwerk Union, Mitsubishi Heavy industries and Westinghouse. Framatome and Mitsubishi are manufacturing reactor systems under license from Westinghouse. After comparing the availa

55、ble information on the six vendors it has been concluded that only three companies, Framatome, Kraftwerk Union and Westinghouse should be considered in detail for the Joint Venture.After making comparison of the available information on, it has been concluded thatTurbine Generator VendorsThere are t

56、hirteen major companies who are currently designing and manufacturing large steam driven turbine generators, though only nine of these have supplied machines for PWR stations. After comparing the available information it has been concluded that five companies, GEC Turbine Generators, G.E., Alsthom, Westinghouse and Kraftwerk Union should be considered in detail for the Joint venture.Who (that) large steam driven turbine generators,但只有九家公司in detail 详细地，细节上的2.3SAFETY STANDARDSSince the joint nuclear power station will be a PWR, i