历年英语六级真题长难句摘选精析

1、历年真题长难句摘选精析1. Our linguistic （语言上的） and cultural blindness and the casuaInesswith which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and Ianguages of other countries, are losing us friends, bus in ess and respect in the world.【分析】这是一个复杂的简单句；句子的主干是 Our blindness and casualness are losing

2、 us. withwhich引导一个定语从句修饰casua In ess. take notice of意思是"注意到”。【译文】我们对语言、文化的无知，以及那种对其他国家形成的品味、手势、风俗和语言的漫不经心的态度，正使我们在世界上失去朋友，错过商机，丧失威信。2. A simple trip around the yard in a pair of those babies eliminates（消除）all need to call for a law n（草坪）care specialist, and provides the perfect-sized holes to g

3、ive any law n oxyge n without all those messy chunks （块）of dirt lying around.【分析】这是一个复杂的简单句；句子的主干是 A simple trip elimi nates all need and provides holes. messy chunks of dirt:乱七八糟的脏东西。【译文】只要穿这种娇小的鞋在院子里走一走，就完全没必要请修剪草坪的专家了，因为这会形成大小合适的洞为草坪提供氧气，周围还不会留下那些乱七八糟的脏东西。3. But my own worry today is less that of

4、 the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decli ne in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his un willi ngn ess to afford those spaces of sile nee, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concen trati on, that surround the im

5、age of the classic act of read ing.【分析】这是一个带有比较级的句子，主干是：But my own worry today is less that tha n.【译文】但我今天所担心的不是广泛泛滥的文盲问题，而是更加奢侈一点的问题，即:对中产阶级读者读写技能下降了的担忧，他们不愿把安静的地方、难得的家庭生活的机会、时间和注意力用来读书，而典型的读书活动正需要这些。4. This violation of concentration, silenee, solitude（独处的状态）goes to the very heart of ourno tio n o

6、f literacy; this new form of part-readi ng, of part-percepti on aga inst backgro und distract ion, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration, let alone that most importa nt tribute any huma n being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which

7、is to lear n it by heart.【分析】这是一个并列句。第一个分句的主干是：this violation goes to the heart of literacy.,第二个分句的主干是 this new form renders,let alone 。【译文】这种对精神集中、安静、独处状态的妨碍同阅读概念直接冲突；在娱乐背景下半读 书半分散精力的读书新方式不可能专心致志地理解，更不要说任何一个人对真正喜爱的一首诗或一篇散文所能表示的最大赞赏是将其背诵下来了。5. And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial r

8、eturn, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a grow ing emphasis on intern ati onal cooperati on in large space ven tures, it is clear that imperatives other tha n profits or n ati on alism will have to compel huma n beings to leave their tracks on the pla net's reddish surface.【分析】

9、 句子的主干是it is clear that imperatives will have to compel human beings to leavetracks on the planet' s reddish surface.;两个 with 分别引导两个伴随状语。【译文】由于短期经济回报有疑问、冷战在人们记忆中迅速消失，以及越来越强调在大规模空间探险中的国际合作； 很清楚，不是经济利益或国家利益， 而是必须履行的使命将迫使人 类在那个红色行星的表面留下足迹。6. The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and

10、 whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by moun ti ng evide nee that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing con troversy over suggesti ons that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite（陨石）from Mars.【分析】句子的主干是This issue has been highlighted.由两

11、地 whether引导的从句做 of的宾语；两个that所引导的从句分别做evidenee和suggestions的同位语。【译文】由于越来越多的证据表明这个红色行星上曾经有稳定而丰富的液态水，又因人们对落到地球上的火星细菌化石陨石的说法一直有争论，所以火星上是否存在过生命、是否延续至今的问题一直引人注目。7. What he has dem on strated, he believes, is that lack of con trol over an eve nt, not th4e experie nee itself, is what weake ns the immune syst

12、em.【分析】that和what分别引导两个表语从句；he believes是插入语，应该前置。【译文】他认为，他所证明的是缺乏控制事件的能力会削弱免疫系统，而非经历本身。8. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don't develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of

13、 stressed rats.【分析】that引导的宾语从句中又包含一个who引导的定语从句，修饰animals。typical ofsb.意思是“以为特征的”。这句话中这个词组之前省略了，which is，是两个现象的定语从句。【译文】杜克大学医学院的心理学家琼伟斯已经证明：被允许控制不快刺激的动物不会出现睡眠障碍，大脑化学成分也不发生变化，这些正是老鼠紧张的典型表现。9. The reasons why they don't, and why the environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices, tech no l

14、ogical inno vati on, social cha nge and gover nment regulatio n in resp onse to popular pressure.【分析】 句子的主干是 The reasons have to do with prices, tech no logical inno vati on, social change and government regulation. 两个 why 均弓丨导定语从句修饰 reasons, in response to popular pressure 做 regulation 的后置定语。【译文】为什

15、么它们没发生，为什么环境被毁灭，这同价格、技术创新、社会变革和政府因公众压力所制定的规章有关。10. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in resp on se, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute.【分析】这是简单的

16、复杂句，句子的主干是What has happened is that。主语是 what引导的主语从句，谓语是that引导的名词性从句； 该从句中every time引导一个时间状语从句， 为 第三层从句。【译文】所发生的事情是这样的：每当一种原料看来将要短缺，价格就上升，相应地人们就 寻找新的供应来源，尽量找到少用这种材料的方法，或者寻找替代品。11. Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that moder n societ

17、y has cha nged people's n atural relati on s, loose ned their resp on sibilities to kin（亲戚）and n eighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relati on ships with pass ing acqua intan ces.【分析】句子的主干是it seemed "obvious" that , that之后引导一个很长的主语从句；该从句的谓语动词有三个：cha nged, loose ned, su

18、bstituted.【译文】几十年前，在普通大众和社会学家看来这是一个“明显的”事实：现代社会改变了 人们的自然关系，淡化了他们对亲戚和邻居的责任感，取而代之的是点头之交的肤浅关系。12. Nor are reside nts of large com mun ities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alie nati on, a feeli ng of not bel onging, tha n are reside nts of smaller com mun ities.【分析】这是一个含有比较级

19、的倒装句；a feeling of not belonging是插入语，进一步解释alienation 的含义。【译文】同小城市居民相比，大城市居民也没有更可能表现压力或疏远（即无归属感）的心理症状。13. As en viro nmen talists convene in Rio de Jan eiro this week to pon der the global climate of the future, earth scie ntists are in the midst of a revoluti on in un dersta nding how climate has cha

20、 nged in the past and how those cha nges have tran sformed huma n existe nee.【分析】句子的主干是earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution 。As引导一个时间状语从句，两个how分别引导宾语从句，做understanding的宾语。【译文】本周，当环境保护专家聚集在里约热内卢考虑今后的全球气候时，地球科学家们在理解过去气候的变化以及这些变化怎样改变了人类的生存方面正处在根本转变的过程中。14. Researchers have begun to piece to

21、gether an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planet' s environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back aga in over a time period stretch ing back hun dreds of milli ons of years.【分析】 句子的主干是Researchers have begu n to piece to

22、gether an illu min at ing picture 。 That引导一个定于从句修饰forces。【译文】地球环境从热变冷，从潮湿变干燥。然后又周而复始，这一过程可追溯至几亿年前， 强大的地质和天文力量结合在一起使地球环境发生了这些变化，研究人员开始将这些组合成了一幅清晰的图画。15. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn of

23、primates （ 灵长目动物 ）some 65 millio n years ago to huma n an cestors risi ng up to walk on two legs, from the huge expa nsion ofthe huma n brain to the rise of agriculture.【分析】复杂的简单句，句子的主干是New research now suggests that, that引导宾语从句，冒号后面的成分是对a key role的说明。【译文】目前，新的研究表明，气候变化在人类进化的每一个重大转折点都起了重要作用： 从大约6500

24、年前灵长目动物的出现到人类祖先直立起来用双腿走路，从人类大脑的迅速膨 胀发育到农业的兴起。16. In the emic approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or eth nic group in terms that are meanin gful and importa nt to the people in that culture or eth nic group, without regard to other cultures or eth nic groups.【分析】句子的主干是the goal i

25、s to describe behavior。 Regard是名词，而不是动词。【译文】本位方法的目标是用对一种文化或民族中的人有意义的、重要的术语去描绘该文化或民族的行为，不考虑其他文化或民族。17. The MBA, a 20th-ce ntury product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed （贪婪）on the tree-l ined campuses ruled by purer discipli nes such as philosophy and literature.【分析】复杂的简单句，句子的主干

26、是The MBA has borne the mark of lowly commerce andgreed. such as 做 discipline 的同位语，ruled 以过去分词的形式做campuses的后置定语，on thetree-l ined campuses 做地点状语。【译文】MBA是20世纪的产物，在纯学术学科如哲学和文化占主导地位的绿树成荫的大学 校园里，它往往是低俗的商业铜臭和贪婪的标志。18. This is n early 16 times the nu mber of bus in ess graduates in 1960, a testim ony to th

27、e widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run compa nies some day.【分析】 句子的主干是This is n early 16 times the nu mber of bus in ess graduates in I960, atestimony 相当于 which is a testimony。 that后面引导一个同位语从句修饰assumption，其中又包含一个以who引导的定于从句。【译文】这几乎是1960年商科毕业生的16倍，从而证实了人

28、们的普遍假设，即MBA对那些想在将来某一天开公司的青年男女来说非常关键。19. The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walt on of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped in spire self-c on scious debates on bus in ess school campuses over the worth of a bus in ess degree and whether man ageme nt skills can be taught.【

29、分析】 句子的主干是 The success has helped in spire self-c on scious debates. whether 弓丨导一个 宾语从句和the worth 一同做over的宾语。【译文】比尔盖茨和其他非MBA，如已故 Wal-Mart连锁店的Sam Walt on的成功，在商校校园里引起了有关工商学位的价值和管理技能是否可以通过教育获得等问题的自发讨论。20. Motivated in part by Christian compassion （怜悯）for the helpless as well as a practical political im

30、pulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world's first workers' compe nsati on law in 1884.【分析】复杂的简单句，motivated 相当于As he was motivated ，在句中做原因状语。句子的主干是 Chan cellor Bismarck created the world's first workers' compe nsati on law in

31、1884.【译文】部分是出于一个基督徒对无助人的怜悯，同时也出于削弱社会党工人运动的支持这一实际政治动机，俾斯麦首相在1884年创立了世界上第一部工人赔偿法。21. Thus many in the in dustrial lands have a sense that their world of ple nty is somehow hollow-that, misled by a con sumerist culture, they have bee n fruitlessly attempti ng to satisfy what are esse ntially social, ps

32、ychological and spiritual n eeds with material thin gs.【分析】这个句子的结构比较复杂，句子的主干是 many have a sense.第一个that引导sense的同位语；第二个 that引导hollow的同位语； misled by a consumerist culture 是原因状语； what引导satisfy的宾语从句。【译文】于是，工业国家的许多人感觉到他们富足的世界不知何故变空了一一由于受到消费中心主义文化的误导，他们试图满足社会的、心理的和精神上的对物质的本质需求，但毫无成果。22. A new study by Dan

33、 Farmer, a gifted programmer, using an automated in vestigative program of his own called SA TAN, shows that the owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitt ing locks to their doors.【分析】句子的主干是 A new study shows that, using作方式伴随状语，that引导一个宾语从句，该从句的主干是the owners

34、have set up home【译文】天才的程序员，丹法穆用他自称为“撒旦”的自动调查程序所做的一项最新研究 表明，万维网一多半的主人建立了不上锁的家。23. Of Ezekiel Cheever, the most famous schoolmaster of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, hison etime stude nt Cott on Mather wrote that he so pla nned his less ons that his pupils "came to work as though they came to play

35、," and Alfred North Whitehead, almost three hundred years later, no ted that a teacher should make his/her stude nts" glad they were there."【分析】这是一个并列复合句，第一个分句的主语是his on etime stude nt Cotton Mather ;第二个分句的主语是 Alfred North Whitehead ;两个分句各代一个宾语从句。【译文】曾经是 Ezekiel Cheever,这个马塞诸州海湾殖民地最著名

36、的校长的学生，CottonMather写到，他备的课程能让学生们感觉 "上学就像玩一样”，过了大约三百年，Alfred NorthWhitehead注意到一个教师必须使他/她的学生"高兴上学”。24. A new high-performa nee con tact lens un der developme nt at the departme nt for applied physics at the University of Heidelberg will not only correct ordinary vision defects but will enhan

37、ce no rmal ni ght visi on as much as five times, making people's visi on sharper tha n that of cats.【分析】这是一句比较长的简单句。句子的主干是con tact lens will not only correct ordi naryvision defects but will enhance normal night vision. under development 作主语的定语，而 making people's vision sharper than that of c

38、ats 作目的状语。【译文】在 H大学的应用物理系研制的一种新型的高性能的隐性眼镜将不仅可以娇正普通 的视力缺陷，还能把正常的夜间的视力提高5倍，使得人们的视力比猫还敏锐。25. Bille's len ses are expected to reach the market in the year 2000, and one ten tative pla n is to use the Internet to transmit information on patients' visual defects from the optician to the manu factu

39、rer, who will the n produce and mail the con tact len ses within a couple of days.【分析】这是一个并列符合句，前一个分句的主干是Bille's lenses are expected to reach themarket;后一个分句的主干是one tentative plan is ; who引导一个菲限定性定语从句来修饰 manufacturer。【译文】比尔的眼睛希望在2000年上市，初步计划是利用因特网把患者的视力缺陷信息从眼镜商传到制造商，然后，制造商在两三天内制作好并将其寄出。三，历年六级真题繁

40、难长句择选译文1 . In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned （使形成条件反射）mice to avoid saccharin （糖精） by simultaneously feeding themthe sweete ner and inject ing them with a drug that while suppress ing their immune systems caused stomach upsets.参考译文1975年，罗切

41、斯特大学医学院的心理学家Robert Ader在使老鼠对排斥糖精形成条件反射的试验中，喂食老鼠糖精的同时给它们注射了一种药剂，这种药在破坏老鼠的免疫系统的同时还会引起腹痛。2. The Times newspaper agrees, complaining that quality has suffered as student numbers soared, with close tutorial supervisi on givi ng way to “ mass product ion methods more typical of Europea n丄uni versities.参考译

42、文泰晤士报对此有同感，它报怨说，由于学生人数激增，教学质量受影响，因 为个别指导不得不让位于“欧洲大陆国家高校里惯有的大规模生产方式”。3. By study ing mi neral gra ins found in material ranging from rocks to clay articles, previous researchers have already bee n able to ide ntify reversals dat ing back 170 milli on years, in cludi ng the most recent switch 730,000

43、years ago.参考译文通过研究岩石，陶器等一系列材料中含有的矿物颗粒，先前的研究人员已能够确 认早在1.7亿年发生的磁场两极转化现象，以及发生在73万年以前的最新一次两极转化现象。4. Not content with its doubtful claim to produce cheap food for our own population, the factory farming industry also argues that “hungry nations are benefiting from advances made by the poultry industry. ”

44、参考译文工厂养殖业已不满足于我国人口提供廉价食物的可疑说法，进一步提出了 “让贫 困国家从家禽养殖业的发展中受益”的论调。5. Bottom retail prices any where from 30% to 70% lower tha n those in Europe and Asia have attracted some 47 milli on visitors, who are expected to leave beh ind $79 billi on in 1994.参考译文比欧洲和亚洲低30%70%的零售价价格吸引了约四千七百万的游客于1994年涌入美国，而这些游客为美国留

45、下了79亿美元的收入。6. It is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive（欺骗性的） packagingrumpus（喧嚣）started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their childre n were beco ming higher and n arrower, with a decli neof net weightfrom 12 to 10

46、 1/2 oun ces, without any reduct ion in price.参考译文参议员哈特一家在购买合装麦片时发现，包装盒变高了，变窄了，食品的分量也 减少了，然而价格却分文未降。据说，由此在公众和议会中引发了一场关于欺骗性商品包装 的轩然大波。7. The producers of packaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages tocon tain even weights and volumes, but no one in the trade comme nts un favor

47、ably on the huge costs in curred by en dless cha nges of package sizes, materials, shape, art work, and net weights that are used for improving a product' s market position.参考译文生产包装产品的商家极力反对在改变了包装上原有分量的商品，但他们却丝毫不 反对为了扩大产品的市场优势，用于不断改变包装的大小、用料、 形状、制作工艺以及商品的净重的大笔花费。8. The biographer has to dance be

48、tween two shaky positions with respect to the subject.全句的字面意思是：传记作家不得不在与传主所处的摇摆不定位置之间跳来跳去。隐含之义为：传记作家必须与传主保持适当距离，并要时常调整与传主间的距离。9. Un like other lawbreakers, who must leave the coun try, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer crim in als sometimes escape puni shme nt, dema nding not only that they no

49、t be charged but that they be give n good recomme ndati ons and perhaps other ben efits.参考译文其他的违法者或者逃亡国外，或者自杀，或者进监狱，计算机犯罪分子却不同， 他们可以逃避惩罚，并且要挟不要指控他们，甚至还要求为他们出具有利的推荐信或者为他 们提供其他好处，他们的要求往往能够得到满足。10. Colema n con cludes that excelle nt job performa nee is so com mon these days that while doing your work

50、well may win you pay in creases, it won ' t secure you the big promoti on.参考译文科尔曼得出的结论如下：如今出色的工作表现十分普遍，虽说工作出色你可以加 薪，但你未必能够高升。11. The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous scrutiny for cultural bias than the Lon gma n dictio nary because the latter does not hesitate about viewi ng t

51、he rest of the world from the cultural perspectives of the En glish-speak ing world.参考译文因此，牛津词典比朗读曼词典更经得起文化偏见的严格审视，因为后者 总是说英语国家的视角来评判其他国家的文化现象。12. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple min ded ness as he sees it-of citize ns, soci

52、al workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, in stead of elim in at ing crime punish the crim in als less severely in the hope that this will make them reform.参考译文由于警察认为人们（市民，社会工作者，医生，立法人员以及法官）头脑简单一比如，法官不是重罚以消除犯罪而是量刑从轻以期促使罪犯改过自新一因此，他们与社会之 间的隔阂更深一层。13. The inner workings of our own brains we fee

53、l to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but, custom, we have a way of thi nkin g, is behavior at its most com mon place.参考译文对于人脑的内部活动，我们认为特别值得研究。但对于传统风俗，我们却觉得那 不过是最最平常的行为而已。14. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the in dividual as over

54、aga inst any way in which he can affect traditi onal custom, is as the proporti on of the total vocabulary of his mother ton gue over aga inst those words of his own baby talk that are take n up into the Ian guage of his family.参考译文约翰杜威曾经十分认真地说过，风俗习惯对个人的行为的影响与个人对传统习 惯的影响之比，正如一个人母语的词汇总量与他儿时从家庭用语中学会的儿

55、童用语之比。15. Through the study of instruments, as well as painting, written documents, and so on, we can explore the moveme nt of music from the Near East to China over a thousa nd years ago, or we can outl ine the spread of Near Easter n in flue nee to Europe that resulted in the developme nt of most

56、of the in strume nts in the symph ony orchestra.参考译文通过对图片、文字记载以及乐器等的研究，我们可以了解一千多年以前近东音乐 传入中国的情况，也可以勒出近东音乐的影响波及欧洲并导致交响乐的大部分乐器发展和演 变的大致轮廓。16. Havi ng evolved whe n the pace of life was slower, the huma n brain has an in here nt defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simu

57、ltaneously and acting on them quickly.参考译文由于在其进化期间，人类的生活节奏较为缓慢，人脑形成了固有的缺陷，不能同 时接收来自多个渠道的信息并迅速进行处理。17. No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single inven tio n, the chip, would tran sform our world tha nks to its applicati ons in pers onal computers, digital c

58、om muni cati ons and factory robots.参考译文如果20年前的人们预想现在的情况，恐怕谁也无法预见到仅集成电路块一项发 明，一旦将其运用于个人电脑、数字通信和工厂机器人身上，会给世界带来怎样的变化。18. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to pers onal relati on ships and less to ability tha n was that of attractive over ni ght successes.参考译文然而，有趣的是，如果长相平平的女士和漂亮的女士都有突然获得成功，人们会 认为长相平平的女士的人际关系比漂亮女士好，而她们的能力却不如漂亮女士。19. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts