英语形容词讲义

1、形容词一、形容词定义：用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。二、形容词分类：性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1、性质形容词：直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词叫性质形容词。它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语、状语和宾语补语。例如：hot，red。2、叙述形容词：讲述人或物怎么样的形容词叫叙述形容词。只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。（错）He is an ill man.（对）The man is ill.（错）She is an

2、 afraid girl.（对）The girl is afraid.这类词有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。三、形容词的判别方法1、结构特点：单音节形容词和以-able,-al,-ful, -ic,-ish,-less,-ous,-y等后缀结尾的多音节词,一般是形容词,如:changeable(多变的),medical(医学上的),careful(仔细的),atomic(原子的),foolish(愚蠢的),careless(粗心的),delicious(美味的),healthy(健康的),rain

3、y(多雨的)等.2、句法特点：在句中作定语或作表语是形容词最主要的特点。也可作状语和宾语补足语。大多数形容词都可以作定语；在be动词和感官动词之后作表语；可用very来修饰,有比较级和最高级形式。如:Mary is very nice.玛丽很可爱.(表语)Mary is a nice girl.玛丽是个可爱的女孩.(定语)He was asleep.他睡着了.(表语)She is a perfect teacher.她是位十全十美的老师.(定语)3、大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brothe

4、rly，仍为形容词。有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early。四、形容词的用法1、用作定语Li Mei is a beautiful city girl.李梅是一个漂亮的城市女孩.The new student comes from Japan.那个新学生来自日本.2、用作表语My fathers car is very expensive.我父亲的轿车很贵.The English story is very interesting.那个英文故事很有趣.3、用作宾语补足语Dont keep the door open. 别让门

5、一直开着.His success made him happy.他的成功让他感到幸福.We finally found the dictionary very useful.我们最后发现词典很有用.4.the+形容词,表示一类人或事物, 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，作主语时谓语动词用复数。the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry，the British，the English，the French，the Chinese.The English have wonderful sense of hu

6、mor。英国人有很好的幽默感。The old often think of old things.老年人经常回想往事.The new always take the place of the old.新事物总会取代旧事物.5.有时也可用作状语或补语Please speak loud and clear.请说话大声一点,清楚一点.(状语)These soldiers spent three days in the cold weather,cold and hungry.（状语）士兵们又冷又饿地在严寒的气候中度过了三天.After seven days, the children came ba

7、ck from the forest safe.(状语)七天之后,孩子们安全地从森林中返回.6、少数形容词只能作表语,不能作定语.这些形容词包括 ill（sick）,asleep(sleeping),awake（waking）,alone(lone不带感情色彩，单独的,lonely带感情色彩，孤独的),alive(living，live),well(good),worth(worthy),glad(pleasant),unable(incapable),afraid(scared)等.7、少数形容词只能作定语,不能作表语.这些形容词包括 little(small),live(活着的,不用于人，

8、用于人时用living),elder（年长的）,eldest（最年长的） 等.例如:(正)My elder brother is a doctor.(误)My brother is elder than I.(正)This is a little house.(误)The house is little.(正)Do you want live fish or dead one (误)The old monkey is still live.五、起修饰作用的形容词位置1、形容词一般放在名词前作定语单个形容词修饰名词时,一般要放在名词的前面.它们的前面常常带有冠词,形容词性物主 代词,指示代词,数

9、词等.例如:a red flower一朵红花this interesting story这个有趣的故事six blind men 六个盲人my own house我自己的房子2、当形容词所修饰的词是由one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如somebody,anybody,nobody, everybody,anyone, something，anything,everything,等不定代词时,形容词必须置于所修饰的词之后.She has something new to tell me.她有一些新的情况要告诉我.I have nothing important to do

10、today.今天我没有重要的事要做.Do you know anybody else here.这儿你还有认识的人吗 3、形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时,形容词必须置于名词之后.It is a problem difficult to work out.这是一个难以解决的问题.Edison is a student difficult to teach.爱迪生是个难教的学生.This is a kind of flowers easy to grow.这是一种易栽的花.4、在以下特殊用法中,形容词置于所修饰的名词之后.All people,young or old,should be st

11、rict with themselves.所有的人,无论老少,都应该严格要求自己.We are building a new school, modern and super.我们正在建一所现代化的,极好的新型学校.All countries, rich and poor, should help one another.所有的国家,无论穷富,都应该互相帮助.5、有少数形容词,如enough、nearby和possible,既可置于所修饰的名词之前,也可置于所修饰的名词之后. 程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。Do you have enough ti

12、me(time enough)to prepare? 你有足够的时间做准备吗?Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或许它将成为你的一次可能的机遇.6、有些形容词,置于名词之前与之后,含义不尽相同. 如presentthe writer present 出席的作家the present writer 当代的作家7、else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。8、两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时的排列顺序限定词+程度副词+一般描绘性形容词+表示大小,长短,高低的形容词+表示形状的形容词表示年龄,新旧的形容词+表示色彩

13、的形容词+表示国籍,地区,产地的形容词+表示物质,材料的形容词+表示用途,类别的形容词+名词中心词。限定词的排序：前位限定词 (指量限定词all, both, half等；倍数词double, twice等；分数词one-third, two-fifths等) +中位限定词 (冠词；指示代词；形容词性物主代词；名词所有格)+后位限定词序数词(包括last, past, next, another等)+基数词(包括few, several等。例如:an exciting international football match一场令人激动的国际足球赛a new red sports shirt一

14、件新的红色运动衫a light black plastic umbrella一把轻的黑塑料伞a small old brown wooden house一座小的旧的棕色的木头房子巧记形容词的排列顺序：限观形龄色国材。这几个字似乎有点不大好记,那就记住县官行令谢国材.其含义是:县(限)代表限定词,包括冠词,指示代词,形容词性物主代词,名词所有格,数词等.官(观)代表表示观点的描绘性形容词,如:fine,beautiful,interesting等.行(形)代表表示大小,长短,高低及形状的形容词如:small,tall,high,little,round等.令(龄)代表表示年龄,新旧的形容词,如:

15、old,young等.谢(色的近似音)代表表示颜色的形容词,如:white,black,yellow等.国代表表示国籍,地区,出处的形容词(名词),如:English,American,mountain等.材则代表形成中心名词的材料的形容词,如:stone,wooden,silk,plastic等.a fine old stone bridge一座古老漂亮的石桥two big round new Chinese wooden tables两张新的中国式的木制大圆桌 his large new black foreign car他那辆新的大型黑色外国轿车六、常见的后跟形容词作表语的动词:1、be

16、come,come,fall,get,go,grow,make,turn(表示变成某种状态)2、continue,hold,keep,lie,remain,stay(表示保持某种状态)3、appear,feel,look,smell,sound,taste,know(表示感觉)He turned red when he heard the news.听到这个消息,他的脸变红了.Its going to stay cold for some time.天气还要冷一阵子.The beer tastes very delicious.这啤酒尝起来很可口.七、形容词的比较等级1、比较等级：原级、比较级

17、、最高级2、比较级、最高级构成规则 （1）、单音节词和少数多音节的形容词，比较级在词尾加er ,最高级在词尾加est。 1)、一般情况下比较级在词尾加er ,最高级在词尾加est。small,smaller,smallest 2）、以e 结尾的形容词，比较级在词尾加r ,最高级在词尾加st。large ,larger,largest 3）、以辅音字母+y 结尾的形容词，改y为i，再在词尾加er变比较级 ,在词尾加est变最高级。busy,busier,busiest 4）、重读闭音节结尾、末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词，双写末尾辅音字母，再在词尾加er变比较级 ,在词尾加est变最高级。fat,

18、fatter,fattest 5）、以ow,er结尾的双音节形容词，比较级在词尾加er ,最高级在词尾加est。 narrow ，narrower,narrowestclever,cleverer,cleverest （2）、多数双音节和多音节的形容词，在词前加more构成比较级，在词前加most构成最高级。beautiful ,more beautiful,important,most important （3）、几个特殊的形容词比较级和最高级原级比较级最高级good ,wellbetterbestbad, ill, badlyworseworstmany ,muchmoremostlitt

19、lelessleastfarfarther, furtherfarthest,furthestoldolder, elderoldest, eldest八、形容词原级、比较级、最高级的比较级用法名称句型例句相等as 原形 as 或as 原形+名词 as The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.He has not as much money as his friend.不及not as(so) 原形 as或not as（so ）+名词+原形 as She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.肯定句中的超越比

20、较级+ than Health is more important than wealth.the +比较级+of the two两者中较 的一个He is the taller of the two.用于否定no +比较级+than 和一样不，两者都不.He is no richer than I.他和我一样不富有。not +比较级+than 前者不如后者He is no richer than I.他没我富有。再不过His work couldnt be worse.他的工作再糟糕不过了。程度递增er and er，more and more+多音节词原级 (越来越)higher and

21、higher ，more and more important 两种情况同时变化the +比较级，the+比较级（越，越）The quicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leave.三者或三者以上比较the +最高级+of/in+比较范围（之中最）Of all things in the world, people are the most precious.1、形容词原级的比较用法：形容词的原级常用于as+形容词原级+as、“形容词原级+the same as+名词或代词”、“the same+名词+as”及not as(so)as

22、四种句型中.(1)、句型asas,“形容词原级+the same as+名词或代词”表示两者相比较,程度相同.The old man walks as fast as a young man.这位老人走路与年轻人一样快.Science is as important as maths.自然科学与数学一样重要.This coat is as expensive as that one.这件上衣与那件一样贵.The lens of a camera performs the same function as the lens of the eye.相机的镜头与眼睛的镜头相同的功能。(2)、句型no

23、t as(so)as,表示两者相比较,前者不如后者.Im not as tall as Jack. 我没有杰克高.She doesnt run so fast as I. 她没有我跑得快.This warship is not so big as that one.这艘军舰没有那艘大.同级比较歌诀：同级比较用原级,asas不分离;若是否定加not,asas否前者.(4)、需要注意的形容词原级用法:数词+times+as+形容词原级+as(是的几倍).This tree is twice as short as that one.这棵树比那棵树矮一倍.My scores are three ti

24、mes as many as yours.我的分数是你的三倍.This road is four times as wide as that one.这条马路的宽度是那条的四倍.half+as+形容词原级+as(的一半).My English is not half as good as yours.我的英语不如你的一半好.This town is half as big as ours.这个城镇有我们城镇的一半大.The rivers in the north arent half as many as those in the south. 北方的河流不如南方的一半多.asas结构中,若形

25、容词作定语修饰可数名词单数,不定冠词a(an)应置于形容词与名词之间.English is as important a subject as maths.英语是和数学同样重要的一门学科.Uncle Wang is as good a man as my father.王叔叔是与我父亲同样好的一个人.This is as famous a school as ours.这是一所与我们学校同样著名的学校.asas结构若指同一个人或物,则并无比较意义,而只是说明某人或某物具有两种性质.译为又又或不但而且.This computer is as good as it is cheap.这台电脑又好又

26、便宜.The boy is as strong as he is brave.这个男孩又健壮又勇敢.The city of Suzhou is as beautiful as it is clean.苏州城既美丽又干净.2.形容词比较级的用法(1)、表示两者之间比较时,用形容词比较级+than，一方超过另一方less+原级+than和not +形容词比较级+than表示一方不及另一方.no +形容词比较级+than表示两方都不。Your mother looks healthier than before.你妈妈看上去比以前健康了.Im less interested in basketbal

27、l than you.我没有你对篮球感兴趣.(2)、形容词的比较级还可以用于以下句型中.more and more 越来越.The park is getting more and more beautiful.这个公园变得越来越美了.China had become stronger and stronger.中国已变得越来越强大了.“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构，意为“越越” The more books we read, the cleverer we will become. 我们读的书越多,就会变得越聪明.The more tre

28、es, the better. 树越多越好.The sooner, the better. 越早越好.The more exercise we take, the healthier we are.我们越锻炼,身体就越健康.the+比较级+of the two两个中较的一个.Id like to go to the farther of the two places.我愿意去两个地方中更远的那个地方.She is the fatter of the two girls.她是那两个女孩中较胖的一个.比较级+than any other+单数名词比其他任何都.Li Lei is taller th

29、an any other boy in his class. 李雷比他班上其他任何一个男孩都高.(暗指李雷最高)The population of China is larger than any others in the world. 中国的人口比世界上其他任何国家的人口都多.(暗指中国人口最多)（3）、某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在之前）等。He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistr

30、y. 他在化学方面比张先生更优越.（4）、在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.（5）、倍数表达法。1）主语+be动词+倍数量+the+比较方面的名词+of+另一物。A is thr

31、ee(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。2）主语+be动词+倍数量+as+比较方面的形容词原级+as+另一物。A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。3）主语

32、+be动词+倍数量+比较方面的形容词比较级+than+另一物。A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.3、形容词最高级的用法(1)、三者或三者以上相比较,用the+最高级+名词+范围结构.This is the cleanest place of the city.这是这个城市最干净的地方.Hu Yun is the

33、 fastest of all the girls in our class.我们班女生中胡云跑得最快的.(2)表示最之一,用one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词.The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest buildings in the world.中国的长城是世界上最伟大的建筑之一.This is one of the most interesting books that Ive ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的书之一.注意：a、形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。b、形容词最高级前面必须

34、加定冠词the,但当形容词最高级前面有物主代词修饰时,则不加the. 修饰形容词的most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常(正)This is my best friend. 这是我最好的朋友.(误)This is my the (the my) best friend.(正)Today is the happiest day of my life.今天是我生命中最快乐的一天.(误)Today is happiest day of my life.九、形容词比较级结构的修饰语1、用于原级之前：almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half ,

35、 twice,three times , a third,etc.John is almost as tall as you. 约翰几乎和你一样高了。The river is three times as long as that one. 这条河是那条河的三倍长。We have a third as many students as we had last term.我们现在的学生人数只是上学期的三分之一2、用于比较级前：many, a few (用于more +可数名词前) ，a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal

36、, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times， no, any，yet，by far 等表示程度的词来修饰. by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。 英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。I feel a little better than yesterday.我感觉比昨天好一点儿了.The job is far more difficult than before.这工作比以前要难得多.It take

37、s many more hours to go there by train than by plane. 乘火车去那里比乘飞机花的时间更多。Its cold this year, but its even colder last year.今年很冷，但去年更冷。We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.今年我们生产的粮食比去年多了6%。3用于形容词和最高级前：(the)序数词以及nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like,(the) very

38、 , much (the) ,by far (the) .This hat is by far the largest in the world. 到目前为止，这顶帽子是世界上最大的。Gold is the very most valuable of all materials . 黄金是所有材料中最有价值的。十、几种常见的形容词句型1、形容词+介词+名词(或代词或动名词)Im not interested in playing computer games.我对打电脑游戏不感兴趣.My parents are pleased with my studies.我父母对我的学习感到满意.2、It

39、 is(was)+形容词+of/for+名词(或代词)+不定式Its foolish of me to make such a mistake.犯这样的错误,我真是太傻了.It was kind of the driver to send the old man home.这位司机把老人送回家,他真是太好了.Its difficult for me to finish the work in a day.对我来说,一天之内完成这项工作很难.3.形容词+不定式常用于这种句型的形容词有:able,sure,lucky,ready,happy,likely等.She is sure to pass

40、the exam.她一定会通过考试的.Im lucky to meet you here.我真幸运,能在这儿碰到你.4、有些形容词前加the 成为名词，表示一类人。如the poor、the rich 等。十一、一些没有比较级的形容词在英语中,有很多形容词没有比较级和最高级形式,所以它们的语义只能用形容词的原级来表示.分类如下:(1)、以-ly结尾的形容词,如daily(每日的),weekly(每周的),monthly(每月的),yearly(每年的),brotherly(兄弟般的),sisterly(姐妹般的)等.(2)、表示事物性质,材料成分的形容词,如wooden(木制的),silken

41、(丝制的),woollen(羊毛制的),electric(电的),industrial(工业的)等.(3)、表示时间的形容词,如past(过去的),future(将来的),then(当时的),once(从前的),present(当今的)等.(4)、与几何形状有关的形容词,如round(圆的),vertical(垂直的),cubic(立方的),triangular(三角形的)等.(5)、表示国籍的形容词,如Chinese(中国的),American(美国的),Japanese(日本的),Russian(俄国的)等.(6)、表示方位的形容词,如eastern(东方的),western(西方的),m

42、iddle(中间的),right(右边的),left(左边的)等.(7)、表示某种绝对状态的形容词,如dead(死的),deaf(聋的),blind(瞎的),dumb(哑的)等.(8)、表示最高程度意义的形容词,如such(这样的),whole(整个的),complete(完全的),thorough(彻底的) excellent、extreme、perfect等(9)、表示顺序和单一概念的形容词,如first(第一的),last(最后的),next(下一个的),following(以下的),only(惟一的)等.(10)、一些只作表语的形容词,如afraid(害怕的),asleep(睡着的),

43、alive(活着的),awake(醒着的),ashamed(惭愧的)等.(11)、部分表示数量及不定量含义的形容词,如some(一些),several(几个的),certain(某一的)等.十二、由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语。1、as much as + 不可数名词数量 多达Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.2、as many as + 可数名词数量 多达I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.3

44、、as early as早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.4、as far as远到；就而知（论）We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before.5、may (might, could)as well不妨、不如Then you might as well stay with us here.6、as as can be到了最的程度，极其They

45、are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。7、as as one can到了最的程度，极其He began to run, as fast as he could.8、as as possible到了最的程度，极其Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.9、as such：表示上文所指明的事或人He is a child,and must be treated as such. 他是个孩子，必须被当作孩子对待。 10、as much：表示“与同量”Take as much as you like

46、. 拿多少都行。 I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. 就是价格再贵一倍，我也会愿意把它买下的。 He as much as admitted the whole story. 他几乎全部承认了。 11、as many：表示“与一样多” I found six mistakes in as many lines. 我在六行中发现了六个错。十三、部分形容词的用法比较1.pleased, pleasing与pleasantpleased的含义是(自己)感到满意,高兴,后常跟介词at,with或不定式.例如:Im pleased to see

47、you here.在这儿见到你很高兴.Shes pleased with our programme.她对我们的节目很满意.pleasing表示令人欣喜的,相当于giving pleasure.例如:My sisters progress in dancing is pleasing.我姐姐在舞蹈方面的进步令人高兴.The baby has a pleasing voice.这个婴儿的声音很悦耳.pleasant表示快乐的,愉快的.例如:The girl has a pleasant childhood.这个女孩有一个快乐的童年.To have a pleasant holiday is my

48、 favorite.过一个愉快的假期是我最喜欢的.2. living, alive与liveliving作定语时,既可置于所修饰的名词之前,也可置于所修饰的名词之后,译为活着的,当代的.在句中充当定语及表语.例如:He is the greatest living writer in America.他是当今美国最伟大的作家.Not all living things live on sunlight.并非所有的生物都依赖阳光生存.My grandparents are still living.我的祖父母仍然健在.alive译为活着的,可以在句中作表语及定语.作定语时,位于它所修饰的名词之后

49、.He may be the busiest person alive.他可能是世上最忙的人了.Is that sheep dead or alive ？那头羊是死了还是活着？alive还有活泼的,活动的,有生机的之意.例如:You seem very much alive today.你今天看起来很活跃.live表示活着的,现场直播的,在句子中可以作定语,表语.例如:Have you seen a live whale？你见过活的鲸鱼吗？The programme is live. 这个节目是现场直播的.3. big与largebig用得比较广泛,可以与large换用,另外还可以表示伟大,巨

50、大,重要之意.large着重指体积,容积之大.例如:There is a large garden in our town.我们镇上有一个大花园.Is there a big tree in front of your house？你的房子前有一棵大树吗？Its said that he is a big man.据说他是一个大人物.4.sleepy与asleepsleepy表示困乏的,想睡觉的,而asleep表示睡着的,熟睡的.例如:Are you sleepy at this time of day？白天的这个时候你困吗？The baby fell asleep as soon as hi

51、s mother left.他妈妈一离开,这个婴儿就睡着了.5.worth与worthyworth意为值得的,后接v-ing形式,构成be worth doing结构,也可接表示价格的名词及钱数;worthy意为值得的,后接of+名词(或being+过去分词),构成be worthy of+名词(或being done)结构或be worthy to be done结构.例如:The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读.This coat is worth one hundred yuan.这件上衣价值一百元.This problem is worthy o

52、f being discussed.这个问题值得讨论.The land is worthy to be used. 这块地值得开发. 6.very 与much（1）可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。(2)表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I w

53、as much amused by Jacks attitude。(3)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exicting。（4）too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 Theres far too little opportunity for adventue these days.Weve got far too many eggs and far too few

54、 egg cups.（5）关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：（a）修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。（b）修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。(c) 修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth, muc

55、h the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。7.so that 与such that so + 形容词 / 副词 + that so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that 注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有man

56、y、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用such。如：These are such little boys that they cant dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的：so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather。8、其他几组词的辨析。(1)ago、before:ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。(2)al