句子成分分析精讲

1、句子成分分析1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（数词）Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintothecl

2、assroom. Thereisanoldmancominghere. Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear. Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.2. 谓语（predicate）：放在主语的后面。Be动词：is/am/are/was/wereBe动词/系动词/情态动词/助动词/行为动词系动词：be,sound（听起来）,look（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）看起来）,feel（摸起来），smell（闻起来）,feel（感觉），bec

3、ome,turn,get,grow,taste+do没有人称和数的变化情态动词:can/could/may/might/should/shall/must/助动词：do/does/did3. 宾语：动宾，介宾A. 动宾IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）HowmanydoyouneedWeneedtwo.（数词）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid（宾语从句）B. 介宾AreyouafraidofthesnakeUnderthesnow,therearema

4、nyrocks.C. 双宾语的动词“七给”一“带”to不少,“买”画“制作”for来了。1、“七给”（give,pass,lend,write,show,send,hand）和“带”（bring）8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”2、"buy”买）；“draw”画）;"make”制作）三个动词，在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt.+sth.+for+sb.女口:Motherboughtanewdressforme。3、explain,introduce,deliver,等动词后必须跟介词to,不能

5、进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。Couldyouexplainyourpointofviewtous=Couldyouexplaintousyourpointofview4、易错的动词robsbofsth表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，（系表）表示主语的性质、状态和特征。（名词）（数词）（形容词）（副词）（介词短语）（形容词化的分词）（表语从句）Heisateacher.Fiveandfiveisten.Heisasleep.Hisfatherisin.Thepictureisonthewall.Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.Thequestionisw

6、hethertheywillcome.（前置定语和后置定语）5. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。?Yanlingisachemistryteacher.?Heisourfriend.?Webelongtothethirdworld.?Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.?Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.?Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.?TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.?Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwe

7、llnow.?Ihaveanideatodoitwell.?YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.挑出下列句中的定语?Whatisyourgivenname?OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.?Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.?Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.6. 状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。?Iwillgotheretomorrow.?Themeetingwillbeheldinthe

8、meetingroom.?Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.?HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.?Hedidn'tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.?Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.?Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.?Hegoestoschoolbybike.?Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.挑出下列句中的状语?Therewasabigsmileonherface.?Everynightheheardthen

9、oiseupstairs.?HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.?Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.7. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。动词+宾语+宾补能带宾语补足语的一定是及物动词，分为几类：1）感官动词：see,notice,watch,feel,hear,smell等+do/doing（宾补）Ihearthemsingasong.Ihearthemsingingasong.Ihearasongsung.2) 使役动词：make,let,have,get等letsbsth无被动makesbdoma

10、kesb/sthdonehavesbdohavesbdoinghavesbdonegetsbtodosthgetsb/sthdone3) 含命名意义的动词：name,call,appoint,make,considerCallmeJoe,please.Theyhaveselected/mademechairman.do.4) keep/find/宾补比较灵活5) 下面动词跟的宾补往往是toadvise/allow/permit/ask/beg/tell/want/persuade/wish/warn总结：todo做宾补表示要去做的动作ing做宾补表示正在进行的或是延续的动作ed做宾补表示被动的

11、动作Weelectedhimmonitor.Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn'tcomehere.Wewillmakethemhappy.Wefoundnobodyin.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Don'tlethimdothat.Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.Don'tkeepthelightsburning.I'llhavemybikerepaired.挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersand

12、booksinthereading-room. Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool. Shefounditdifficulttodothework. TheycallmeLilysometimes. IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus. DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow8. 同位语：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫同位语。MrLin,ourheadmaster,isgivingusaspeech.Beijing,capitalofCh

13、ina,isdevelopingfast.Theengineerhimselfrepairedit.Weallgotangry.Wetwowillgotoseeyou.Thenewsthathewillcomeistrue.练习：Givemeacupoftea,please.Theboythereneedsapen./HisfathernamedhimDongming.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.Theboyneedsverymuchthepenboughtbyhismother.Theboyreallyneedsapen.Showthishous

14、eto.Thewarmadehimasoldier.TherearefiveboysleftIoftenfindhimatwIsawacatrunningacrosstheroad.Hesitsthere,askingforapen.TheboyinblueisTomTheypaintedtheirboatwhite.Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen.Weallarestudents.Wesawherenteringtheroom.Theboyreadingneedsthepenwhichyouboughtyesterday./1. Thest

15、udentsgotontheschoolbus.2. Hehandedmethenewspaper.3. Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4. WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5. Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6. Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7. HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8. ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9. HeistoleaveforShanghait

16、omorrow.10. Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11. Hemanaged_to_finish_the_work_in_time.12. Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13. HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14. Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay15. Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood._16. Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress17. Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18. Itisou

17、rdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19. Henoticedamanentertheroom.20. Theapplestastedsweet.MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeattoomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,bec

18、auseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChinaWell,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（一）、状语（=）、补语（）：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeattoomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon'