工作台椅与手握工具设计1方案ppt课件

1、Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art控制台任务台：控制台任务台： 是包含支配安装和显是包含支配安装和显示安装的作业单元。它小到一台便携式打示安装的作业单元。它小到一台便携式打字机，大到一个房间控制室或控制中字机，大到一个房间控制室或控制中心。心。Ergonomics Nanjing Univers

2、ity of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art桌式控制台直柜式控制台组合式控制台弯折式控制台Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Eng

3、ineering . Department of Design Art 控制台设计的主要内容：任务台尺寸宜人、控制台设计的主要内容：任务台尺寸宜人、外型美观、方便运用、给人以温馨感。外型美观、方便运用、给人以温馨感。 关键：根据人体尺度，将控制器与显示器关键：根据人体尺度，将控制器与显示器布置在作业者正常的作业空间范围内。保证布置在作业者正常的作业空间范围内。保证作业者能良好地察看必要的显示器，操作一作业者能良好地察看必要的显示器，操作一切的控制器，以及为长时间作业提供温馨的切的控制器，以及为长时间作业提供温馨的作业姿态。控制台有时在操作者前侧上方也作业姿态。控制台有时在操作者前侧上方也有作业

4、区，一切这些区域都必需在可视可及有作业区，一切这些区域都必需在可视可及区内。区内。Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art控制台作业面控制台作业面 见图见图6-2显示器面板方式显示器面板方式 见图见图6-3控制台上方干涉点高度控制台上方干涉点高度 见图见图6-4 DkdHhDd式中式中 h干涉点高度干

5、涉点高度 k操作者眼高操作者眼高 H显示面板下端高度显示面板下端高度 d操作者眼点与干涉点的投影间隔操作者眼点与干涉点的投影间隔 D干涉点与显示面板的投影间隔干涉点与显示面板的投影间隔 Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art图图6-2 引荐的控制台作业面布置区域引荐的控制台作业面布置区域前往女性：女

6、性：P2.5长：110120cm宽：40cmErgonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art图图6-3 显示面板的型式显示面板的型式前往Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Sc

7、ience & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art图图6-4 控制台干涉点高度控制台干涉点高度前往Dk dHhD dErgonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design ArtErgonomics Nanji

8、ng University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art坐姿低台式控制台坐姿低台式控制台 见图见图6-5a坐姿高台式控制台坐姿高台式控制台 见图见图6-5b坐立两用控制台坐立两用控制台 见图见图6-6立姿控制台立姿控制台 见图见图6-6规范控制台规范控制台 见图见图6-7，尺寸参阅表，尺寸参阅表6-1Ergonomics Nanjing Unive

9、rsity of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art图图6-5 坐姿控制台坐姿控制台a 坐姿低台式控制台坐姿低台式控制台; b 坐姿高台式控制台坐姿高台式控制台前往男性男性:P50Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Scienc

10、e & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art火车驾驶室火车驾驶室前往Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art图图6-6 坐立两用坐立两用 控制台控制台前往前往男性:P50Ergonomics

11、 Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art图图6-7 一种规范控制台的设计一种规范控制台的设计前往Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . S

12、chool of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art前往Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design ArtErgonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing Un

13、iversity of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art轮船驾驶室中控台机舱控制台Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art6.2.1 6.2.1 电子化办公台人体尺度

14、电子化办公台人体尺度 见图见图6-86-8，图，图6-96-96.2.2 6.2.2 电子化办公台可调设计电子化办公台可调设计 见图见图6-106-106.2.3 6.2.3 电子化办公台组合设计电子化办公台组合设计 见图见图6-116-11Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art图图6-8 电子化办

15、公表示图电子化办公表示图前往Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art图图6-9 电子化办公台主要尺寸电子化办公台主要尺寸前往Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Scie

16、nce & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art图图6-10 电子化办公台调理方式电子化办公台调理方式前往Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art图图6-11 办公台组合设计办公台组合设计前

17、往Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art坐坐姿姿的的优优点点 当人站立时，人体的足裸、腰部、臀部和脊椎等关当人站立时，人体的足裸、腰部、臀部和脊椎等关节部位遭到静肌力作用，以维持直立形状，而坐时，节部位遭到静肌力作用，以维持直立形状，而坐时，可免除这些肌力，减少人体能耗，消除疲劳，坐姿态可免除这些肌

18、力，减少人体能耗，消除疲劳，坐姿态比站立更有利于血液循环，而且有利于坚持身体的稳比站立更有利于血液循环，而且有利于坚持身体的稳定。定。 目前，大多数办公室人员、脑力劳动者、部分膂力目前，大多数办公室人员、脑力劳动者、部分膂力劳动者都采用坐姿任务劳动者都采用坐姿任务 。随着技术的提高，愈来愈多。随着技术的提高，愈来愈多的膂力劳动者也将采取坐姿任务，因此任务坐椅设计的膂力劳动者也将采取坐姿任务，因此任务坐椅设计和相关的坐姿分析日益成为人机工程学任务者和设计和相关的坐姿分析日益成为人机工程学任务者和设计师们关注的研讨课题。师们关注的研讨课题。1.脊脊柱柱构构造造6.3.1坐姿生理学坐姿生理学7512

19、54腰曲腰曲图图6-12 脊柱的外形及组成脊柱的外形及组成前前后后肩靠肩靠腰靠腰靠Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art2.腰腰曲曲弧弧线线从坐姿生从坐姿生理学角度，理学角度，应保证腰应保证腰弧曲线正弧曲线正常。常。图图6-13 6-13 各种不同姿态下所产生的腰椎曲度各种不同姿态下所产生的腰椎曲度

20、坐姿生理学坐姿生理学Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art坐姿生理学坐姿生理学3.腰腰椎椎后后突突和和前前突突 图6-14 腰椎后突和前凸 a 腰椎后突; b腰椎前凸Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanj

21、ing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art6.3.2 6.3.2 坐姿生物力学坐姿生物力学1.肌肌肉肉活活动动度度 脊椎骨依托其附近的肌肉和腱衔接，椎骨的定位借助于肌腱的作用力。一旦脊椎偏离自然形状，肌腱组织就会遭到相互压力拉或压的作用，使肌肉活动度活动量添加，招致疲劳酸痛。实验结果阐明，在挺直坐姿下，腰椎部位肌肉活动度高，由于腰椎前向拉直使肌肉组织紧张受力。提供靠背支承腰椎后，活动力那么明显减小；当躯干前倾时，背上方和肩部肌肉活动度

22、高，以桌面作为前倾时手臂的支承并不能降低活动度。Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art2.体体压压分分布布6-15 体压分布曲线体压分布曲线压力分布不均匀原那压力分布不均匀原那么么单位：102PaErgonomics Nanjing University of Science & Techn

23、ology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art坐姿生物力学坐姿生物力学 6-16 座面对股骨的影响座面对股骨的影响3.股股骨骨受受力力分分析析Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engi

24、neering . Department of Design Art坐姿生物力学坐姿生物力学4.椎椎间间盘盘受受力力分分析析从坐姿生从坐姿生物力学角物力学角度，应保度，应保证肢体免证肢体免受异常力受异常力作用。作用。图图6-17 6-17 不同坐姿时椎间盘受力分析不同坐姿时椎间盘受力分析Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department

25、of Design Art不同坐姿不同坐姿Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art办公人员的习办公人员的习惯坐姿惯坐姿 Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Scienc

26、e & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art6.3.3 6.3.3 坐姿人体丈量尺寸坐姿人体丈量尺寸图6-18 对座椅设计有用的人体尺寸Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art坐高坐高sit

27、ting heightErgonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design ArtErgonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School o

28、f Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art靠背倾角靠背倾角angle of back-restErgonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design ArtErgonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technolog

29、y 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art座椅是坐的机器，对人体影响最大的是侧面轮廓。Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design

30、 Art6.4.1 6.4.1 普通任务场所坐椅普通任务场所坐椅 GB/T14774-93 ? GB/T14774-93 ?任务座椅普通人类工效学要任务座椅普通人类工效学要求求? ?1 1、座椅设计要点、座椅设计要点1 1使操作者在任务中坚持身体温馨、稳定使操作者在任务中坚持身体温馨、稳定并能进展准确的控制和操作。并能进展准确的控制和操作。 2 2座高座高360480mm360480mm和腰靠高和腰靠高165 210mm165 210mm必需是可调理的。必需是可调理的。 3 3椅坐面和腰靠构造应使其感到平安、椅坐面和腰靠构造应使其感到平安、温馨。温馨。Ergonomics Nanjing Un

31、iversity of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art4腰靠构造应具有一定的弹性和足够的刚性，腰腰靠构造应具有一定的弹性和足够的刚性，腰靠倾角不得超越靠倾角不得超越115度。度。5任务坐椅普通不设扶手，需设扶手的必需保证任务坐椅普通不设扶手，需设扶手的必需保证操作人员作业活动的平安。操作人员作业活动的平安。6其构造资料应耐用、阻燃、无毒。坐垫、腰靠、其构造

32、资料应耐用、阻燃、无毒。坐垫、腰靠、扶手的覆盖层应运用柔软、防滑、透气性好、吸汗扶手的覆盖层应运用柔软、防滑、透气性好、吸汗的不导电资料制造。的不导电资料制造。7可防止座椅打滑。椅脚应设计可防止座椅打滑。椅脚应设计5个，平分在个，平分在40 45cm的圆周上。的圆周上。Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design

33、 Art2 2、任务椅设计构造方式、任务椅设计构造方式图图6-19 6-19 普通任务座椅构造方式普通任务座椅构造方式Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art坐面倾角坐面倾角 ：34度度 腰靠倾角腰靠倾角 ：110度度Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science &

34、amp; Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art6.4.2 6.4.2 办公室办公室任务座椅任务座椅图图6-20 办公用座椅原型办公用座椅原型Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mech

35、anic Engineering . Department of Design ArtErgonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design ArtErgonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Sci

36、ence & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art6.4.3 6.4.3 座椅设计的新概念座椅设计的新概念1. 动态座椅动态座椅 见图见图6-21 2. 前倾式座椅前倾式座椅 见图见图6-223. 膝靠式座椅膝靠式座椅 见图见图6-236.4.4 其它任务座椅其它任务座椅 1. 作业用凳作业用凳 见图见图6-24 2. 其它支撑物其它支撑物 见图见图6-25Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 N

37、anjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art图图6-21 动态座椅设计动态座椅设计前往Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art前往图图6

38、-22 座面前倾的写字、绘图椅座面前倾的写字、绘图椅Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art图图6-23 膝靠式座椅膝靠式座椅前往Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of S

39、cience & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art 图6-24 作业用凳a立姿 岗位用凳；b坐姿 岗位用凳；c支承 旋转凳；d单边 支凳前往Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art图图6

40、-25 作业用支承物作业用支承物a脚踏板脚踏板 和搁臂垫和搁臂垫 组合；组合；b脚踏板脚踏板 和支承凳和支承凳 组合；组合；c回跳凳；回跳凳；d带转动支架的转椅带转动支架的转椅前往Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art 6.4.5 6.4.5 休憩座椅休憩座椅 public seatpublic s

41、eat 这类座椅适用于休憩这类座椅适用于休憩室及各种交通运输工室及各种交通运输工具中，如飞机、汽车、具中，如飞机、汽车、火车、轮船中的乘客火车、轮船中的乘客座椅。座椅。 这类座椅应以温馨性这类座椅应以温馨性作为设计重点。作为设计重点。Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art 6.4.6 6.4.6 懒

42、椅懒椅 Sofa & armchairSofa & armchair用来休憩的座椅，称为懒椅。由于椎间盘内压力用来休憩的座椅，称为懒椅。由于椎间盘内压力和肌肉疲劳是引起不温馨觉得的主要缘由，因此，和肌肉疲劳是引起不温馨觉得的主要缘由，因此，座椅的侧面轮廓假设能降低椎间盘内压力和肌肉座椅的侧面轮廓假设能降低椎间盘内压力和肌肉负荷，并且使之降到尽能够小的程度，就能产生负荷，并且使之降到尽能够小的程度，就能产生温馨的觉得。当靠背倾角到达温馨的觉得。当靠背倾角到达110时，人体的肌时，人体的肌电图的动摇明显减少，被试有温馨的觉得。电图的动摇明显减少，被试有温馨的觉得。 Ergonomi

43、cs Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art设计懒椅应留意以下几点：设计懒椅应留意以下几点： 为了防止臀部前滑，坐面应后倾一个角度，普通为为了防止臀部前滑，坐面应后倾一个角度，普通为1424； 靠背倾斜角度：靠背倾斜角度：相对于坐面为相对于坐面为105110；相对于程度面为相对于程度面为110。130； 靠背应有垫腰的凸

44、缘，凸缘的顶点应在第靠背应有垫腰的凸缘，凸缘的顶点应在第3腰椎骨与腰椎骨与第第4腰椎骨之间的部位，即顶点高于坐面后缘腰椎骨之间的部位，即顶点高于坐面后缘1018厘米。垫腰的凸缘有坚持腰椎柱自然曲线的作用。厘米。垫腰的凸缘有坚持腰椎柱自然曲线的作用。Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art6.4.7 6

45、.4.7 多功能座椅多功能座椅 适用于多种场所，既可就餐时用，也可作适用于多种场所，既可就餐时用，也可作为任务用椅或备用椅，便于搬动和堆贮。为任务用椅或备用椅，便于搬动和堆贮。快餐店座椅快餐店座椅影剧院座椅影剧院座椅 cinema chair车站、公园座椅车站、公园座椅Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design

46、 ArtErgonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art黄花梨木圆椅黄花梨木圆椅明明通高通高930mm，鹅脖上端略弯，与扶手，鹅脖上端略弯，与扶手交接处有挂牙装饰。圈椅最早见于五交接处有挂牙装饰。圈椅最早见于五代前期的绘画作品，后来很少见到，代前期的绘画作品，后来很少见到，到明代时期这样的圈椅又很盛兴。到明代

47、时期这样的圈椅又很盛兴。Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art黄花梨圆后背交椅黄花梨圆后背交椅Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Tech

48、nology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art老花梨木带联帮棍四出头扶手椅老花梨木带联帮棍四出头扶手椅明末明末Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design ArtErgonomics Nanjing University of

49、Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design ArtErgonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Desig

50、n ArtErgonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design ArtErgonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mech

51、anic Engineering . Department of Design ArtErgonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design ArtErgonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Sci

52、ence & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design ArtErgonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art时间：1925年资料：镀铬的镍镀钢管、帆布要点：挤压成型的无缝钢管Ergonomics Nanjing University of Science & Technology 2005 Nanjing University of Science & Technology . School of Mechanic Engineering . Department of Design Art时间：1938