Part 4-5 Henry_James

1、Henry James(1843-1916)亨利亨利詹姆斯詹姆斯founder of psychological realism心理现实主义心理现实主义; international theme novelist, literary critic, playwright and essayistLife storyBorn in a wealthy family (New York)three siblings and a brother (second)Henry James, Sr.(father) a philosopher and reformer(改革家)William James

2、(brother), a psychologist and philosopherWilliam Dean Howells (his life-long friend)Educated in European Schools; travel in Europe; Harvard Law School; Balzac, Merimee , George Sand, George Eliot and Hawthorne.Not married ; once loving his cousin; becoming a naturalized British citizen in 1915(加入英国国

3、籍加入英国国籍) the first period (1865-1882) The American 美国人美国人 (1877) a story about a young and innocent American confronting the complexity of the European life Daisy Miller 黛西黛西密勒密勒(1878)a novella about a young American girl who gets “killed” by the winter in Romeinternational fame for the first time.

4、The Europeans (1878)the scene shifted back to America, where some Europeans learn with difficulty to adapt themselves to the American life. The Portrait of A Lady 贵妇人画像贵妇人画像(1881) : masterpiecethe clash between the Old World and the New in the life journey of an American girl in a European cultural

5、environment. The Second period (1882-1895)Dropping the “international theme” experiment with different themes and formsThe third period(1895-1900)Returning to the “international theme”Writing a few novellas（小说） and tales dealing with childhood and adolescence a revival of his earlier theme of innoce

6、nce in a corrupted worldThe Wings of the Dove 鸽翼(1902)The Ambassadors 专使(1903)The Golden Bowl 金碗(1904)Jamess most influential contribution to literatureInternational theme These novels are always set against a larger international background, usually between Europe and America, and centered on the c

7、onfrontation of the two different cultures with two different groups of people representing two different value systems. The typical pattern of the conflict between the two cultures would be that of a young American man or an American girl who goes to Europe and affronts his or her destiny. The unso

8、phisticated boy or girl would be beguiled诱骗, betrayed, cruelly wronged冤屈 at the hands of those who pretend to stand for the highest possible civilization.psychological realism the founder of psychological realism Psychological Analysis of His Characters Emphasizing on the inner awareness and inward

9、movements of his characters in face of outside occurrences rather than depicting the environment in any detail. makes his characters reveal themselves with his minimal intervention. big breakthrough in novel writing and has great influence on the coming generationsWriting Style the most expert styli

10、st of his time (single) Point of view of a character: Isabels consciousness and perception promote the plot (psychological progression); stream of consciousness Open ending; highly refined and insightful; large vocabulary, accurate in word selection symbolism, metaphoric textureThe Portrait of a Lad

11、y Isabel Archer :Free-spirited(独立自主、有主见);Brilliant; Stubborn; Innocent; Imaginative; Romantic; Idealistic;Sensitive Ralph Touchett Caspar Goodwood (American gentleman) Lord Warburton(English aristocrat) Gilbert Osmond (American Expatriate in Italy 住在意大利的美国人 ) dishonest; Slippery; Mean; Arrogant; Sop

12、histicated Cruel; Sinister（邪恶的)His contribution： in his critical commentaries, he made major contributions to the art of fiction itself, helping to transform the novel from its alliance with journalism and romantic story-telling into an art from of penetrating analysis of individuals confronting society, chronicles of the psychological perceptions that James himself defined as the