(完整版)初中近义词辨析

1、八年级词类辨析1. tell, talk, say, speak(1)tell 告诉，讲述tell sb. sth.=tell sth. to sb.告诉某人某事(2)talk 交谈talk to/with sb.和某人交谈talk about sth.谈论某事(3)say 说， 强调说的内容say hello to sb.向某人问好(4)speak 说某种语言练习 1 ：2. Can youme the truth?3. What language do you?4. This is what theyyesterday.5. Dont in class ， please be quiet.

2、2. look, look at, see, watch(1)look 看起来look+ 形容词(2)look at 朝看 强调看的动作(3)see 看见强调看的结果(4)watch 观看尤其指看电视，看球赛等练习2：1. The coatnice, I want to buy one for my daughter.2. Pleasethe blackboard, can youanything?3. She doesn t like TV, but she likesfootball game.(1)(2)(3)sound 听起来 listen to 听 hear 听见3. sound，

3、listen to, hearsound+ 形容词强调听的动作强调听的结果练习3：1. the radio, it says the flood is coming soon.2. I can t you , because there s something wrong with my ears.3. What you saidinteresting.4. receive, accept(1)receive 收到强调客观接受(2)accept 接受，收下强调主观接受She received his letter but she can t accepted his love.练习4：He a

4、 present yesterday, but he didn t it, because it was too expensive.5. look up, look for, find, find out(1)look up 查词典、书、电话簿等，代词放中间look it up(2)look for寻找强调找的动作(3)find 找到强调找的结果(4)find out发现结果指经过努力而发现的结论练习5：1. He often takes a dictionary andthe new words in it?2. The little girl her pen everywhere but

5、 didn t it at last.3. Look! Lucy is crying over there. Let's go andwhy is she crying.6. keep, borrow, lendkeep借可以保留一段时间(2)borrow 借强调将东西接进来borrowfrom从借来(3)lend 借强调将东西借出去lend.to借给练习6:1. -My bike is broken, can I yours ,Lily?- Oh, sorry, I ' ve it to Sandy.2. You can my recorder for three days.

6、3. We often books from our school library.4. He often money to his brother.7. reach, arrive, getreach 到达，够得着是个及物动词(2)arrive 到达不及物动词arrive in+大地点arrive at+(3)get 到达不及物动词get to到达练习7:1. They will in Chengdu next week.2. How do you to school every day?3. Use a longer stick, then you can the apples.小地点8.

7、 thanks to, thanks for(1)thank to 幸亏，由于(2)thanks for 因谢谢练习8:1. your help, I ' ve understand it.2. the cats, mice dare not come and eat my food.9. give in, give up(1)give in 投降(2)give up 放弃 give up doing sth.放弃做某事练习9:1. We shouldn' t learning English!2. I would rather die than before my enemi

8、es.10. achieve, come true(1)achieve 实现(理想、愿望、预言等)及物动词，主语一般为人(2)come true 实现不及物动词组，主语为梦想，理想练习10:1. He works so hard that he is sure to his dream.2. His prediction of human ' s flying to the moon _.11. turn off, close, turn on, open(1)turn off 关(电器)turn on 开(电器)(2)close 关(门、窗、书等)open 开(门、窗、书等)练习11

9、：1. the windows please, it s so cold outside.2. the lights before you leave the room.3. The dog the box and took the bone out!4. the TV, I want to watch the NBA basketball games.12. break off, break out, break into, break down(1)break off中断关系，突然终止(2)break out指战争爆发(3)break into非法进入或闯入(4)break down坏掉，

10、(车、船等)抛锚，中途不工作练习12：1 He was late for school yesterday, because his car on the half way.2 The World War n when she was only five.3 They their friendship and didn t talk to each other any more.4 Last night a thief my house and took away my TV.13. reply, answer, solve不及物动词reply to sb.及物动词answer questio

11、n及物动词solve problem(1)reply 回复，答复(2)answer 回答 , 答案(3)solve 解决，处理练习13：1. What did Mr. Smithto what others said?2. No one in our class canthis question.3. It s too difficult for everyone tothat problem.4. She failed to my question.5. We haven t _ to his letter yet.6. None of us knew the to the problem.

12、14. hope, wish(1)hope 希望 , 指较为现实的想法hope to do或 hope + 从句，但没有hope sb to do(2)wish 希望，指不太现实的要求或想法wish to do 或 wish sb to do练习14：1. -The weather may be fine tomorrow.-Iso.3. Mum me to be a doctor in the future.4. How II could fly to the moon!15. take, cost, spend, pay(1)take 花费 , 尤指花费时间, 主语为物it takes s

13、b. some time to do sth.(2)cost 花费 , 指花金钱，主语为物sth. cost sb. some money(3)spend 花费 , 主语为人spend.(in) doing或 spend.on sth.(4)pay 花费 , 主语为人pay for练习15：1. It oftenabout 3 hours to get to school from my home.2. -Who will for the bill?-Maybe our boss.3. The househim 30,000 dollars.4. His cousinthe whole day

14、 making the toy car yesterday.16. take part in, join, attend(1)take part in参加某项活动(2)join指参加某组织，成为其中的一个成员(3)attend指参加会议，婚礼，葬礼，典礼；去上课，上学，听报告等练习16：1. Mr. Wangthe Party 5 years ago.2. They invited Lilythe English evening.3. He ll an important meeting tomorrow.17. do with ， deal with(1)do with 处理，应付在问句中要

15、与what 连用(2)deal with 处理，对付在问句中要与 how连用练习17：1. How can youthat problem?2. What do youthe event?(1)put on 穿上强调穿衣的动作(2)wear 穿着强调穿的状态，是一个延续性动词一个延续性动词(3)dress 第交衣服宾语为人dress oneself(4)in 穿着强调穿戴的状态be in+颜色18. put on, wear, dress, in练习18：给某人自己穿衣服1. the warm clothes, it s cold outside.2. Mary is alwaysred cl

16、othes . Maybe red is her favorite color.3. The little boy couldhimself when he was three years old.4. The old mana pair of glasses.19. win, beat ， defeat1. ) win 赢得一般指赢得比赛，奖品或战斗，宾语为物2. ) beat 战胜，打败一般指打败参加比赛或游戏的人或团体，宾语为人(3)defeat 战胜，打败一般指战场上打败敌人，宾语为人练习19：3. Our team hasthe football match, we are all

17、happy.sad.4. The Brazilianfootball team us 5-0 in that match, all the Chinese fans were very5. The armythe enemy at last.20. be made in, be made of, be made from, be made up of(1)be made in在哪里制作，后面接产地(2)be made of由制成，看得出原料(3)be made from 由制成，看不出原料(4)be made up of 由组成，强调由个体组成整体练习 20：1. The deskwood.2

18、. This kind of watchShanghai.3. Our class 50 students.4. Paperbamboo.21. have been to, have gone to(1)have been to 曾经去过(现在在说话地)，可与次数连用(2)have gone to 已经去了(现在不在说话地)练习 21：1. They Italy for more than 7 years, so Italy is their second home.2. -How many timesHainan?-Only 3 times.22. too much, much too, t

19、oo many, many too(1)too much太多toomuch+不可数名词(2)much too太 much too+形容词(3)too many太多toomany+可数名词复数(4)many too用法不存在练习 22：1. The computer isexpensive.2. Stop, Peter. You talked .3. Don t eatapples every day.4. Father, have a rest. You ve _ tired today.5. Hurry up! You have wasted time.23. many, much , lo

20、ts of , a lot ( of )(1)many 许多(2)much 许多(3)a lot of/lots of(4)a lot 很，非常练习23：many+可数名词复数much+不可数名词许多 a lot of/lots of+可数名词复数/不可数名词a lot修饰动词1. of the visitors are workers.2. Has Jack have money?3. During those three weeks, he ate meat.4. I did not understand why you had so strange questions.5. Althou

21、gh he is a boy, he reads .24. above all ， after all ， first of all ， at all, in all(1)above all最重要的是, 尤其是，强调要引起特别注意(2) after all毕竟,终究(3) first of all首先,强调次序(4) at all根本，丝毫否定 +at all(5)in all总共,总计练习25：1. Never waste anything, but never waste time.2. , let me introduce myself to you.3. There are 35 st

22、udentsin our class.4. He is still a child _. Don t blame him.1.1 don t know him.26. passed, past(1)passed经过动词pass 的过去式或过去分词(2)past经过介词或副词练习26：1. They hurried the building.2. Tom by me without greeting just now.3. The train for the small town leaves at ten eight.4. Two weeks had since Martin had seen

23、 him.5. In the , I have had many jobs.27. agree to, agree with, agree on(1) agree to表示一方提出一项建议、安排、计划等，另一方同意协作(2) agree with表示同意某人或某人的意见、想法、分析、解释等；(气候、食物等) “适合”的意思。(3) agree on/upon双方经过协商，达成一致意见agree on/upon doingsth.练习27：1. I what he said.2. All those who the plan, raise your hands.3. We leaving the

24、re the next day.4. The food doesn t _ him.28.build, found, set up, put up(1)build建筑，建造建造指施工建筑(2)found创立，成立，创办成立，创办指创立一个机构，组织或国家(3)set/put up搭起，竖起，挂起竖起，挂起后者常见练习28：1. Last year a cinema was near our school.2. The rich man the hospital and a school in the town where he was born.3. The People s Republic

25、 of China was in 1949.4. The newspaper reporter his camera under a tree.29. a number of, the number of(1)a number of 许多，大量a number of+可数名词复数+谓语复数(2)the number of 的数量the number of+ 名词复数+谓语单数练习29：1. There were people out this afternoon.2. Do you write down my telephone?3. of trees planted is never und

26、er 200 in our village every year.4. We have lived here years.5. of jobless people grow in the country at present.30. get( be ) ready, prepare, prepare for(1)get(be)ready 准备好强调准备的结果be/get ready for/to do准备好了做某事(2)prepare准备强调准备的动作与过程，宾语是动作的承受着(3)prepare for 为 做准备宾语不是动作的承受者练习30:1. Mother is busy lunch

27、in the kitchen.2. The doctor told the nurses to the operation at once.3. We all to do anything for the people.4. The students are the final exam.31. but, however, while(1) but强调前后意思转折，并且转折的语气最为强烈(2)however一般放在两句之间，前后用逗号隔开独立成句，表示意思的转折(3)while着重强调前后两者对比练习31:1. I like the film,I have no time to see it.

28、2. It ' s raining hard. , I think we should go out.3. Tom is reading Jim playing football.4. You should finish your work before nine o'clock, you can have a break before you start it.32. for example, such as(1) for example举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只举同类人或事物中的一个，可作为插入语for example+ 句子(2)such as通常用来列举事物，一般列

29、举同类人或事物中的几个such as+ 词语练习32:1. He,is a good teacher.2. I know many students of your school, Wang Hong,.3. He can speak five foreign languages,German and French.4. He knows several languages, he knows English and Japanese.5. Boys , John and James are very friendly.6. There are many fruits, apples, ban

30、anas, oranges and grapes.33. alive , living , live(1)alive 活的，有生命的(有死的可能但仍然活着)作后置定语，放在名词后作表语或作定语。作定语时，放在名词前，一般指人the living活着的人作定语，放在名词前，一般指动物作定语或表语，可指人也可指物(2)living活的，有生命的live活的，现场直播的(4)lively活波的，活跃的，有生机的练习33:1. Who is the greatest man?2. My brother bought a fish?3. The people are more important tha

31、n the dead.4. The badly wounded soldier was unconscious but still5. She is a girl.34. across, through(1)cross(动词)通过，穿过表示在物体表面上横穿，如横穿马路，过河，过桥等(2)across(介词)横跨，横穿，穿越 go across=cross(3)through(介词)在 之中，穿越 表示从物体内部穿过，如森林，玻璃等练习34：1. Look around when you walk the street.2. She drove straight the town.3. Ther

32、e is no bridge the river.4. Water flows this pipe.5. The sunlight come the window.35. compare,compare with , compare- to(1)compare 比较，相比(2)compare.with 把 和 比较(同类事物间的比较，比较 )compare.to. 把比作( 表示异类相比，比喻 )练习35:1. If you these two words, you can tell the difference between them.2. Please this word that on

33、e and tell me the difference.2. We usually children flowers of the motherland.36. custom, habit(1)custom 风俗，习惯，传统指一个民族或一个社会在发展过程中长期沿袭下来的礼节、风俗和习惯(2) habit 习惯指一个人长时间养成的自然习惯练习36:1. He has formed the of smoking after meals.2. It is the in China to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival.3. He has falle

34、n into the of getting up late.4. They broke some of the old.37. also, too, either, as well的区别(1)also多用于书面语，用于肯定句中位于be动词，助动词，情态动词之后，实义动词之前。(2)too多用于口语中，常用于肯定句或者一般疑问句。位置通常位于句末，前有逗号隔开。(3)either用于否定句，位于句末。(4)as well是副词短语，多用于口语中，位于句末。练习37:1. He doesn ' t want to go.2. He can swim.3. He is a student.4

35、. He is a boy,.38. alone, lonely(1)alone (adj.) 独自的，单独的作表语(adv.)独自地，单独地做状语(2)lonely (adj.)孤单的，寂寞的，荒凉的，偏僻的作定语和表语练习38: 1. He lives but he never feels.2. Mr. Green was out. His little son David stayed at home, but he didn ' t feel39. others, the others, other , the other:(1)others另一些，在一些指三者或三者以上人或物中除去已知部分后“余下部分中的某一些”someothers 一些 另一些.(2)the others其余的，剩余的 指三者或三者以上的人或物中除去已知部分后"余下部分的全部“。(3)other另ij的，另外的，其他的 后常跟名词，泛指另外的人或物(4)the other另一个指两者中的一个，与 one连用 onethe other.练习39:1. I don ' t like these. Please let me see some.2. Three of you go there, and stay here.3. Do