Automobile Engine 发动机

1、LOGOLOGOAutomobile EnglishAutomobile English 2121世纪行业英语系列教程世纪行业英语系列教程上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 LOGOYour site hereUnit 3 Automobile Engine 发动发动机机其他艺术形式其他艺术形式FocusS: Automobile engineL: Types of internal combustion engineL: Engine maintenance tips S: A car with a diesel engine R: Four-stroke internal combust

2、ion enginesR: A hybrid engineW: Introducing the cooling system of the gasoline engineBack Next LOGOYour site here1 starter 4 Speaking 7 Writing 8 Supplementary ReadingBack Next 9 Surfing the Internet 10 Enjoying Yourself3 Listening2 Listening6 Reading5 ReadingUnit 3 Automobile Engine 发动发动机机LOGOYour

3、site here1. StarterAutomobile Engine Menu A. Work with your partner and answer the following questions.Back Next 1. What is the importance of the automobile engine? _ _2. Are there different types of automobile engines? _ _ _ _ _The engine is generally considered the “heart” of an automobile. The fu

4、el used for its power is burned inside the engine.Yes. There are various types of automobile engines, such as the internal combustion engine, and the hybrid engine. The internal combustion engine is the most commonly used in the automobile field now, and the hybrid engine is an amazing machine becau

5、se of its low fuel consumption and exhaust emissions.LOGOYour site here宝马M5-V10奥迪奥迪2.5TFSI直列五缸直列五缸发动机 2012年年6月，月，RX-8停产停产LOGOYour site hereLOGOYour site here1. StarterAutomobile Engine Menu B. The following picture shows the basic components of the internal combustion engine. Try to match each Chine

6、se name with its English version in the picture. Back Next 1. 曲轴: 2. 活塞: _ 3. 连杆: 4. 凸轮轴: _5. 火花塞: 6. 进气门: _7. 排气门: 8. 气缸盖: _9. 气缸体: 10. 曲轴箱: _crankshaftpistonconnecting rodcamshaftspark plugintake valveexhaust valvecylinder headcylinder blockcrankcaseLOGOYour site here2. Types of Internal Combustio

7、n EngineMenu Peter and Wendy are talking about the types of internal combustion engine.Listen to the conversation and fill in the blanks. Back Next Peter: What does the internal combustion engine mean?Wendy: It means the engine burns the (1) within the cylinders. Peter: Ive heard that there are (2)

8、of internal combustion engine. Is that true?Wendy: Yes, thats true. To be continuedfueldifferent types LOGOYour site herePeter: How many types of internal combustion engine are there?Wendy: According to different (3) , internal combustion engines are commonly (4) gasoline engines and diesel engines.

9、Peter: What kind of engine do sedans usually have?Wendy: (5) .Peter: And what about trucks?Wendy: (6) .Menu Back Next A gasoline enginefuel useddivided into A diesel engine2. Types of Internal Combustion EngineLOGOYour site here太阳能汽车太阳能汽车太阳能普锐斯 LOGOYour site hereCNG汽车汽车LOGOYour site hereLPG汽车汽车LOGOY

10、our site here3. Engine Maintenance Tips Menu Listen to the passage about how to maintain the engine and choose the best answer to each question. Back Next 1. How many tips on maintaining the engine are there? A. 3.B. 4. D. 6.2. What should you do before you start the engine? B. Put the engine up. C.

11、 Change the spark plugs. D. Change the oil. 3. Which of the following is NOT a good idea? A. Dont store the engine with fuel in the tank. B. Avoid engine overheating. C. Change the timing belt based on the maintenance schedule. C. 5.A. Preheat the engine. D. Change the air filter as often as possibl

12、e. LOGOYour site hereMenu Back Next It is important to keep the engine in good shape. The following are some tips for doing that. 1. Regular oil change is the most important factor in keeping the engine running. If you do it more often than suggested by the manufacturers schedule, thats even better.

13、2. Always preheat the engine before starting itespecially during break-in.3. Dont put the engine up or store it with fuel in the fuel tank.4. Try to avoid engine overheating.5. Changing spark plugs, air filter, timing belt, and other items based on the maintenance schedule will save you from expensi

14、ve repairs.3. Engine Maintenance Tips LOGOYour site here4. A Car with a Diesel Engine Menu Peter and Wendy are talking about Peters new diesel car. Work in pairs to complete the conversation by translating the Chinese in brackets into English and role-play it.Back Next LOGOYour site herePeter: Hi, W

15、endy. This is my new car. I bought it last month.Wendy: Oh! Its beautiful. (耗油量怎么样？) Peter: Its very economic on fuel. Wendy: (这辆车用哪种发动机驱动？)Peter: Its equipped with an (先进的柴油发动机) Wendy: Diesel engine?Peter: Yeah.Wendy: (真不可思议！)Peter: You can try it. Wendy: OK, thank you.Menu Back Next How is the fue

16、l consumption? What kind of engine does the car have? advanced diesel engine. Thats incredible! 4. A Car with a Diesel Engine LOGOYour site here5. Four-stroke Internal Combustion EnginesMenu Back Next Read the following passage and do the exercises. Almost all cars currently use what is called a fou

17、r-stroke combustion cycle to convert gasoline into motion. The four strokes are intake stroke, compression stroke, combustion stroke, and exhaust stroke. The piston is connected to the crankshaft by a connecting rod. As the crankshaft revolves, it has the effect of “resetting the cannon”. Since the

18、same process occurs in each cylinder, we will take a look at one cylinder to see how the four-stroke process works.Intake stroke The piston starts at the top, the intake valve opens. As the piston moves down, the air-fuel mixture is drawn into the cylinder. When the LOGOYour site hereMenu Back Next

19、5. Four-stroke Internal Combustion Engines 四冲程内燃机 目前，几乎所有的汽车都采用四冲程燃烧循环把汽油的热能转换成机械能。这四个冲程分别为：进气（吸气）冲程、压缩冲程、做功（点火）冲程和排气冲程。 活塞通过连杆连接曲轴。当曲轴旋转时，就产生了如同“重新装填大炮”一般的效果。由于每个气缸内部的工作程式是一样的，因此我们只要研究一台气缸，就可对四冲程的工作程式略知一二了。进气冲程 活塞顶部开始运作，进气门打开。当活塞向下运动时，空气和燃油的混合物被吸入气缸。活塞向下压迫至气缸末端时，进气门关闭，将空燃混合物封闭在气缸内。压缩冲程 活塞向上抬升，压缩在进气

20、冲程中吸入的空燃混合物。混合物被压缩的程度则取决于该发动机的压缩比。 做功冲程火花塞点火，引燃被压缩的空燃混合物，由此产生的蒸汽可生成有力的膨胀。而这一过程中生成的巨大力量会推动活塞向气缸底部运动，促使曲轴旋转，以提供LOGOYour site hereMenu Back Next A. The four pictures below illustrate how the four-stroke process works. Please decide what they are according to the passage. 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ combustion

21、stroke exhaust strokecompression strokeintake stroke5. Four-stroke Internal Combustion EnginesLOGOYour site here( ) 1. intake stroke a. 做功冲程( ) 2. air-fuel mixture b. 进气冲程( ) 3. combustion stroke c. 压缩比( ) 4. compression ratio d. 空气燃料混合物( ) 5. firing order e. 排气冲程 ( ) 6. exhaust stroke f. 点火顺序Menu B

22、ack Next B. Match the following phrases with their Chinese meanings.bdacf e 5. Four-stroke Internal Combustion EnginesLOGOYour site here6. A Hybrid Engine Menu Back Next Read the following passage and do the exercises. Hybrid Engines are described as engines that combine two or more sources of power

23、, generally gasoline and electricity. There are two types of gasoline-electric hybrid: the parallel hybrid, and the series hybrid. Both use gasoline-electric hybrid technology, but in radically different ways. In a parallel hybrid system, a gasoline engine and an electric motor work together to move

24、 the car forward, while in a series hybrid system, the gasoline engine either directly powers an electric motor that powers the vehicle, or charges batteries that will power the motor. Both types of hybrids use a process called LOGOYour site here混合发动机 混合发动机是指由两种或两种以上动力组合而成的发动机，这两种动力通常为汽油动力和电能。油电混合动力

25、又分为两种：并联式混合动力和串联式混合动力。虽然这两种动力都采用油电混合技术，但运作方式却截然不同。 在并联式混合动力系统中，发动机和电动机可同时驱动汽车前进；而在串联式混合动力系统中，发动机要么直接驱动电动机，再由电动机驱动车辆，要么给电池充电，再通过蓄电池驱动电动机。这两种混合动力系统都采用了再生制动方式，将制动时产生的动能储存在电池中，转而发动电动机。 并联式和串联式混合动力系统都装配了小型汽油发动机，其产生的污染物比常规的汽油车要少，但动力也较小一些。为克服这种动力差异，混合动力汽车一般会采用碳纤维或铝等超轻材料。Menu Back Next 6. A Hybrid Engine LO

26、GOYour site hereMenu Back Next A. Fill in the table according to the passage. DifferencesSimilaritiesThe parallel hybrid 1. _ _2. _ _ 3. _ _ The series hybrid The gasoline engine either directly powers an electric motor that powers the vehicle, or charges batteries that will power the motor.A gasoli

27、ne engine and an electric motor work together to move the car forward.Both use gasoline-electric hybrid technology.Both have small gasoline engines.Both use regenerative braking technology. 6. A Hybrid Engine LOGOYour site hereMenu Back Next B. Match the English phrases from the passage with their C

28、hinese meanings.( ) 1. parallel hybrid a. 动能( ) 2. series hybrid b. 碳纤维( ) 3. regenerative braking c. 节油效率( ) 4. kinetic energy d. 并联式混合动力( ) 5. carbon fiber e. 再生制动，回馈制动( ) 6. fuel economy f. 串联式混合动力 d f e a b c6. A Hybrid Engine LOGOYour site here6. A Hybrid Engine Menu Back Next Notes1. parallel

29、hybrid: 并联式混合动力。并联式混合动力系统采用两套独立的驱动系统，即发动机和电动机。发动机和电动机通过不同的离合器来驱动汽车车轮。并联式混合动力拥有发动机单独驱动、电动机单独驱动、发动机和电动机混合驱动三种工作模式。当发动机提供的功率大于车辆所需驱动功率或者车辆处于制动状态时，电动机可充当发电机，给汽车蓄电池充电。与串联式混合动力相比，并联式混合动力只需要两个驱动装置，即发动机和电动机，而且，在蓄电池耗尽之前，相同性能的并联式发动机和电动机的尺寸比串联式更小。LOGOYour site here6. A Hybrid Engine Menu Back Next 2. series hy

30、brid: 串联式混合动力。在串联式混合动力系统中，发动机输出的机械能首先通过发电机转化为电能，转化后的电能一部分用来给蓄电池充电，另一部分经由电动机和传动装置驱动车轮。串联式混合动力系统的结构简单，但它需要三个驱动装置：发动机、发电机和电动机。因而，装配这种动力系统的车辆效率通常较低。设计时，如果考虑到要爬长坡，那么提供最大功率的驱动装置的尺寸就会相应较大；如果用作短途运行，如通勤或购物，那么相应的内燃机或发电机装置应采用较低的功率。3. regenerative braking: 再生制动，回馈制动。再生制动是指获取在传统汽车制动或空挡滑行时浪费掉的能量的过程。非混合动力汽车制动时，制动系

31、统会将汽车的动量转化为热能，因此，汽车在运动时“储存”于汽车内的动能就被浪费掉了。在混合动力设计中，一部分被浪费掉的汽车能量可通过电动机转化为电能，而电动机将执行发电机的功能，在使汽车制动的同时产生电能，向混合动力蓄电池充电。LOGOYour site hereMenu Back Next Lily is studying the gasoline engine and wants to know more about the cooling system. John writes an email to Lily to explain it. Complete the letter acco

32、rding to the following information. 7.Introducing the Cooling System of the Gasoline EngineSystemcooling systemFunctiondirect liquid coolant via passages in the engine block and heads;absorb the heat from an engineCooling cycle pass through a rubber hose to reach the radiator;hot liquid is cooled by

33、 the air stream entering the engine compartmentLOGOYour site hereMenu Back Next Dear Lily, In your last letter, you wanted to know more about the cooling system, so now Im writing to tell you about it. The cooling system of a vehicle operates or functions_ _. After that the liquid coolant . Then thi

34、s fluid . At this stage _ _. Once it has been cooled, it goes back to the engine and the same process repeats. Yours sincerely, John by directing liquid coolant via passages in the engine block and headsabsorbs the heat from an enginepasses through a rubber hose to reach the radiator the hot liquid

35、is cooled by the air stream entering the engine compartment7.Introducing the Cooling System of the Gasoline EngineLOGOYour site here( ) 1. Air pollution caused by cars is considered a serious problem by some Americans. ( ) 2. It is easy to make a clean-air car.( ) 3. Electric cars produce less pollu

36、tion than current cars. ( ) 4. Cutting down the total number of cars in America will not reduce the pollution they cause.( ) 5. If a car factory closes down, many workers may be laid off.Menu Back Next Read the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).8. Suppleme

37、ntary Reading TFTFTLOGOYour site hereMenu Back Next 9. Surfing the Internet Search the Internet for the automobile cooling system, and try to give us some basic information.For Reference AnswerLOGOYour site hereMenu Back Next 9. Surfing the Internet http:/www.automotive- The automobile cooling system consists of components or equipment installed in vehicles for removing heat