化工原理课程设计工作手册

1、齐齐哈尔大学化工原理课程设计工 作 手 册齐齐哈尔大学化工原理教学与实验中心2010年8月化工原理课程设计工作手册目 录第1章 设计说明书撰写规范. 11.1 内容要求及书写规定 ···································

2、··················································

3、··········· 11.1.1 设计说明书正文字数 ····································

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5、·· 1 1.1.2 设计说明书的书写 ·············································

6、··············································· 1 1.1.3 题目 ·

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9、··············· 1 1.1.4 摘要与关键词 ································&#

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11、183;················· 1 1.1.5目录 ······························

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13、83;···································· 2 1.1.6 设计说明书正文 ··········

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15、3;··································· 2 1.1.7 参考文献(或注释) ···········

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17、83;······························· 2 1.1.8 附录 ················

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19、83;················································· 6

20、1.1.9 致谢 ················································

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22、83;················· 6 1.2 其它书写规范 ······························&

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24、#183;····························· 61.2.1 名词术语 ··················

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26、········································ 6 1.2.2 计量单位 ·······

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29、3; 6 1.2.3 外文字母的正、斜体用法 ··············································&

30、#183;································· 6 1.2.4 数字 ··············&

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33、#183;· 7 1.2.5 公式 ··············································&

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35、#183;··················· 7 1.2.6 插表 ····························&

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37、#183;····································· 7 1.2.7 插图 ··········&

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40、#183;····· 7 1.3 打印要求 ··········································&

41、#183;·················································&

42、#183;························· 81.3.1 字体 ······················&#

43、183;·················································&#

44、183;··········································· 8 1.3.2 页面设置 ····

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47、···· 8 1.3.3字号 ············································&

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49、#183;······················ 8 1.3.4 封面及扉页 ························

50、3;·················································

51、3;····························· 9 1.3.5 页眉 ··················

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53、3;··············································· 9 1.3.6 摘要及关键词

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56、 9 1.3.7 目录 ················································

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58、·················· 9 1.3.8 正文层次 ·····························

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60、3;···························· 9 1.3.9 插表 ···················

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62、3;············································ 10 1.3.10 插图 ···&#

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65、183;········ 10 1.3.11 附录 ·······································

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67、······················· 10- I -化工原理课程设计工作手册1.3.12 说明书的装订 ·····················&#

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69、183;························ 10 附录1 扉页示例 ·······················&

70、#183;·················································&

71、#183;·····································11 附录2 中文摘要示例 ··········

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73、;·········································· 12 附录3 外文摘要示例 ·····&#

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75、183;·············································· 13 附录4 目录示例 ·&

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78、#183;········ 14 附录5 参考文献示例 ······································

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80、3;············· 15第2章 CAD工程制图的基本设置要求 . 162.1 图纸幅面与格式 ······························&#

81、183;·················································&#

82、183;······················· 162.1.1 图纸大小 ························

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84、································ 162.1.2 比例 ················

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86、················································ 162.1.3字体 &

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89、#183;·············· 172.1.4 图线 ·································&

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91、#183;······························ 182.1.5 标题栏 ·················

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93、··········································· 192.1.6 明细栏 ·····

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96、;····· 202.2 图形符号的绘制 ··········································&#

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98、183;··········· 212.3 CAD工程图的基本画法 ···································&

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100、#183;····· 212.3.1 CAD工程图中视图的选择 ········································

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104、83;·· 212.3.3 剖视图 ·············································&#

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106、183;·············· 212.3.4 断面图 ·································&

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108、#183;·························· 212.3.5 图样简化 ·····················

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110、;··································· 212.4 CAD工程图的尺寸标注 ···········

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112、3;····························· 212.4.1 箭头 ··················

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114、3;············································· 222.4.2 CAD工程图中的尺寸 ·&#

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116、183;······························ 222.4.3 简化标注 ·················

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118、······································· 222.5 CAD工程图的管理 ········&

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120、#183;········································ 22- II -化工原理课程设计工作手册第1章 设计说明书撰写规范设计说明书是学生提交的一份具有一定科研价值

121、和实用价值的设计成果或学术论文。它是本科学生开始从事系统的科学研究的初步尝试，是学生在教师的指导下，独立进行科学研究所取得成果的科学表述。设计说明书撰写是本科生培养过程的基本训练之一，其撰写应符合国家及各专业部门制定的有关标准，符合汉语语法规范。指导教师应加强指导，严格把关。1.1 内容要求及书写规定课程设计说明书包括封面、设计任务书、指导教师评语、中文摘要、外文摘要、目录、正文、参考文献(注释)、附录和致谢等几部分。1.1.1 设计说明书正文字数设计说明书的正文字数一般为0.6万字以上。1.1.2 设计说明书的书写设计说明书一律要求在计算机上输入、编排与打印。设计说明书必须由学生本人用A4型

122、纸，按要求设置页眉打印。摘要、目录等文前部分的页码用罗马数字(I、II、III、)单独编排，正文及以后的页码用阿拉伯数字编排。1.1.3 题目题目应该简短、明确、有概括性。读者通过标题，能大致了解设计的内容、专业的特点和学科的范畴。设计题目不超过25字，不得使用标点符号，可分2行书写。1.1.4 摘要与关键词1.1.4.1摘要摘要应扼要叙述本设计的主要内容、特点，文字要精炼，是一篇具有独立性和完整性的短文，应包括设计的主要成果和结论性意见，其中不宜使用公式、图表，不标注引用文献编号，避免将摘要写成目录式的内容介绍。中文摘要一般为300字左右，以能将规定内容阐述清楚为原则。摘要页不需写出论文题目

123、。外文摘要与中文摘要的内容应一致，在语法、用词上应准确无误。中、外文摘要应各占1页，编排上中文在前，外文在后。- 1 -化工原理课程设计工作手册1.1.4.2关键词关键词是供检索用的主题词条，应采用能覆盖设计主要内容的通用技术词条(参照相应的技术术语标准)，一般列3-5个，按词条的外延层次从大到小顺序排列。1.1.5目录目录应独立成页，包括设计说明书或论文中全部章、节、条等3级标题及其页码。1.1.6 设计说明书正文正文包括总论、主体及结束语等部分。1.1.6.1 章节及各章标题设计说明书正文分章节撰写，每章应另起一页。各章标题要突出重点、简明扼要。字数一般在15字以内，不得使用标点符号。标题

124、中尽量不采用英文缩写词，对必须采用者，应使用本专业的通用缩写词。1.1.6.2 总论设计说明书的总论一般作为第l章。总论应综合评述前人工作，说明工作的选题目的、背景和意义，国内外文献综述，相关领域的发展情况，以及所要研究的主要内容。1.1.6.3 主体主体是设计说明书的主要部分，应该结构合理，层次清楚，重点突出，文字简练、通顺。设计说明书主体内容应与选题类型相符，各专业应提出具体要求。1.1.6.4 结束语结束语作为正文的最后一章单独排写，但不加章号。结束语是对整个设计说明书主要成果的总结，应以简练的文字设计说明书所做的工作，并对成果中具有创造性的工作进行说明，一般为400-800字。1.1.

125、7 参考文献(或注释)1.1.7.1 数量要求参考文献是设计说明书不可缺少的组成部分。它反映设计的取材来源和材料的广博程度。设计说明书中引用的文献应以近期发表的与设计工作直接有关的学术期刊类文献和工具书为主。所有参考文献数量原则上应在10篇以上，其中外文不少于2篇，学术期刊类文献不少于5篇。参考文献应以近5年发表的与设计工作直接有关的学术期刊类文献为主。产品说明书、各类标准、各种报纸上刊登的文章及未公开发表的研究报告等不宜做为参考文献引用。引用网上参考文献时，应注明该文献的准确网址，网上参考文献不包含在上述规定- 2 -化工原理课程设计工作手册的文献数量之内。网上参考文献是指在互联网上发表的各

126、类文章资料，不包括利用互联网查阅或检索的学术刊物等文献资料。1.1.7.2 引用格式及著录规则文献一般包括文中注、脚注和文末注等几种引用方式。文中注是指行文中，在引用文献的地方，直接用括号说明引用文献的出处。脚注是指行文中，只在引用的地方右上角写一个脚注标号，脚注标号用圆圈括上，如“”，而在当页的最下方，以脚注方式，按标号顺序说明文献出处。文末注是指行文中，在引用文献的地方用上标标号，在全文最后单设“参考文献”部分，按标号顺序一一说明文献出处。毕业设计(论文)主要以文末注方式为主，下面重点说明文末注的著录规则。引用文献标示应置于所引内容最术句的右上角，用小四号字体。所引文献编号用阿拉伯数字置于

127、方括号：“ "中，如“二次铣削1”。当提及的参考文献在文中直接说明时，其序号应该与正文排齐，如“由文献8,10-14可知”。不得将引用文献标示置于各级标题处。引用文献，若引用的是原话，要加引号，一般写在段中。若引的不是原文只是原意，文前只需冒号或逗号，而不用引号。较完整的长段引文，要独立成段，即在冒号后另起一段。为区别正文，书写时首字缩进2个汉字(相对于正文缩进4个汉字)，引文头尾处不必再加引号，上下不必空行。参考文献书写格式应符合GB/T7714-2005文后参考文献著录规则。常用参考文献编写项目和顺序规定如下。著作图书文献：序号 作者. 书名文献类型标志. 版本(第1版应省略).

128、 出版地: 出版者, 出版年: 引用部分起止页.示例：1 余敏. 出版集团研究M. 北京: 中国书籍出版社, 2001: 179-193.2 林来兴. 空间控制技术M. 北京: 中国宇航出版社, 1992: 25-28.翻译图书文献：序号 原作者. 书名文献类型标志. 译者, 译. 版本(第l版应省略). 出版地: 出版者,出版年: 引用部分起止页.示例：1 霍斯尼R K. 谷物科学与工艺学原理M. 李庆龙, 译. 2版. 北京: 中国食品出版社, 1989: 15-20.学术刊物文献：序号 作者. 文章名文献类型标志. 学术刊物名, 年, 卷(期): 引用部分起止页.示例：- 3 -化工原理

129、课程设计工作手册1 袁庆龙, 候文义. Ni-P合金镀层组织形貌及显微硬度研究J. 太原理工大学学报, 2001, 32(1): 51-53.2 李晓东, 张庆红, 叶瑾琳, 等. 气侯学研究的若干理论问题J. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 1999, 35(1): 101-106.3 刘武, 郑庭, 姜础. 元谋古猿牙齿测量数据的统计分析及其在分类研究上的意义J.科学通报, 1999, 44(23): 2481-2488.4 David W. R. Sulfonation technology for anionic surfactant manufactureJ. Organic Proc

130、ess Research and Development, 1998, 2(3): 194-202.5 Roberts D. W., Ward R. S., Hughes P. J. Correlations of relative rate constants for sulfonation of alkylbenzenes with molecular structureJ. Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 1998, 1(2): 161-165.学术会议文献：序号 作者. 文章名文献类型标志/编者名. 会议名称. 会议地址. 年份. 出版地:

131、 出版者, 出版年: 引用部分起止页.示例：1 吴葳, 洪炳熔. 自由浮游空间机器人捕捉目标的运动规划研究C/中国第五届机器人学术会议论文集. 哈尔滨, 1997: 75-80学术会议若出版论文集者，可在会议名称后加上“论文集”字样。未出版论文集者省去“出版者”、“出版年”2项。会议地址与出版地相同者省略“出版地”。会议年份与出版相同者省略“出版年”。学位论文类文献：序号 作者名. 学位论文题目文献类型标志. 地点: 学校及学位论文级别, 答辩年份:引用部分起止页.示例：1 孙玉文. 汉语变调构词研究D. 北京: 北京大学硕士学位论文, 2000: 15-18.2 谌颖. 空间最优交会控制理论

132、与方法研究D. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文, 1992: 23-25.专利文献：序号 专利申请者. 专利题名: 专利国别, 专利号文献类型标志. 公告日期或公开日期引用日期.示例：1 西安电子科技大学. 光折变自适应光外差探测方法: 中国, 01128777.2P. 2002-03-062002-05-28.报纸文章文献：序号 作者名. 文章名文献类型标志. 报纸名, 出版年-月-日(版).- 4 -化工原理课程设计工作手册示例：1 谢希德. 创造学习的思路N. 人民日报, 1998-12-25(10).电子文献：序号 作者. 题名. 引用日期获取和访问路径.示例：1 萧钰. 出版业

133、信息化迈入快车道. 2002-04-15. hppt:/ 200112190019.htm. 1.1.7.3 相关说明西文文献中文章名第1个词的第1个字母大写，余者小写；刊物名实词第1个字母大写，余者小写；俄文文献名第1个词和专有名词的第1个字母大写，余者小写：日文文献中的汉字须用日文汉字，不得用中文汉字、简化汉字代替。文献中的外文字母一律用正体。作者(主要责任者)少于或等于3人时应全部写出，之间用“,”号相隔；3人以上时只列出前3人，后加“等"或相应的文字如“et al”，“等”或“et al”前加“,”号。学术刊物文献无卷号的可略去此项，直接写“年(期)”。参考文献序号顶格书写，

134、其后空1格写作者名。序号应按文献在论文中的被引用顺序编排。换行时与作者名第1个字对齐。若同一文献有多处被引用，则要写出相应引用页码，各起止页码间空l格，排列按引用顺序，不按页码顺序。文献类型标志代码见表1-l。表1-1文献类型和标志代码表文献类型 普通图书 会议录 汇编 报纸 期刊 学位论文 报告 标准 专利 数据库 计算机程序 电子公告标志代码M C G N J D R S P DB CP EB- 5 -化工原理课程设计工作手册1.1.8 附录有些不宜放在正文中，但有参考价值的内容(公式的推导、程序流程图、图纸、数据表格等)可编入说明书的附录中。如数量多，不宜与正文放在一起，可单独装订放于材

135、料袋内。附录的序号采用“附录l”、“附录2”等。1.1.9 致谢对导师和给予指导或协助完成研究工作的组织和个人表示感谢。内容应简洁明了、实事求是。1.2 其它书写规范1.2.1 名词术语科技名词术语及设备、元件的名称，应采用国家标准或部颁标准中规定的术语或名称。标准中未规定的术语要采用行业通用术语或名称。全文名词术语必须统一。一些特殊名词或新名词应在适当位置加以说明或注解。采用英语缩写词时，除本行业广泛应用的通用缩写词外，文中第一次出现的缩写词应该用括号注明英语全文。1.2.2 计量单位物理量计量单位及符号应按国务院1984年发布的中华人民共和国法定计量单位及GB31003102执行，不得使用

136、非法定计量单位及符号。计量单位符号，除用人名命名的单位第1个字母用大写之外，一律用小写字母。非物理单位(如件、台、人、元、次等)可以采用汉字与单位符号混写的方式，如“万tkm”，“t(人)”等。文稿叙述中不定数字之后允许用中文计量单位符号，如“几千克至1000kg”。表达时应采用中文计量单位，如“上午8点45分”，不能写成“8h45min”。计量单位符号一律用正体。1.2.3 外文字母的正、斜体用法按照GB31003102-86及GB7159-87的规定使用，即物理量符号、物理常量、变量符号用斜体，计量单位等符号用正体。- 6 -化工原理课程设计工作手册1.2.4 数字按国家语言文字工作委员会

137、等7个单位1995年发布的关于出版物上数字用法的规定(GB/T15835-1995)，除习惯用中文数字表示的以外，一般均采用阿拉伯数字。1.2.5 公式原则上居中书写。若公式前有文字(如“解”、“假定”等)，文字顶格书写，公式仍居中写。公式末不加标点。公式序号按章编排，如第l章第1个公式序号为“(1-1)”。文中引用公式时，一般用“见式(1-1)”或“由公式(1-1)”。公式中用斜线表示“除”的关系时应采用括号，以免含糊不清，通常“乘”的关系在前，如acosx/b而不写成(a/b)cosx。公式序号的右侧符号与右边线顶边排写。公式较长时最好在等号“=”处转行，如难实现时，则可在+、-、

138、5;、÷运算符号处转行，转行时运算符号仅书写于跨行式前，不重复书写。公式中第一次出现的物理量应给予注释，注释转行应与破折号后第1个字对齐。 公式中应注意分数线的长短(主、副分线严格区分)，长分线与等号对齐。1.2.6 插表表格不加左、右边线。表序一般按章编排，如第l章第1个插表的序号为“表1-1”。表序与表名之间空l格，表名中不允许使用标点符号，表名后不加标点。表序与表名置于表上，居中排写。表头设计应简单明了，尽量不用斜线。表头中可采用化学符号或物理量符号。 表中数据应正确无误，书写清楚。数字空缺的格内加“一”字线(占2个数字宽度)。表内文字在数字上、下或左、右相同时，采用通栏处理方

139、式，不允许用“一”、“同上”之类的写法。表内文字说明不加标点。表下根据需要可增列补充材料、注解、附记、资料来源，某些指标的计算方法等。1.2.7 插图插图应与文字紧密配合，文图相符，技术内容正确。选图要力求精练。1.2.7.1 制图标准插图应符合国家标准及专业标准。机械工程图：采用第一个投影法，严格按照机械制图相关国家标准执行。 电气图：图形符号、文字符号等应符合相关国家标准的规定。流程图：应符合相关国家标准。- 7 -化工原理课程设计工作手册对无规定符号的图形应采用该行业的常用画法。1.2.7.2 图题及图中说明每个图均应有图题(由图号和图名组成)。图号按章编排，如第1章第1图的图号为“图1

140、-1"等。图题置于图下。有图注或其他说明时应置于图题之上。图名在图号之后空1格排写，图名后不加标点。引用图应说明出处，在图题右上角加引用文献号。图中若有分图时，分图号用a)、b)等置于分图之下。图中各部分说明应采用中文(引用的外文图除外)或数字符号，各项文字说明置于图题之上(有分图题者，置于分图题之上)。1.2.7.3 插图编排插图与其图题为一个整体，不得拆开排写于2页。如某页不够排写该图整体时，则可将其后文字部分提前排写，将图移到次页最前面。1.2.7.4 坐标单位有数字标注的坐标图，必须注明坐标名称及单位，单位取值要合理，无单位者(如标示值或相对值)除外。1.2.7.5 设计中照片图文中的照片图可以是原版照片粘贴，也可以采用电子