语言测试学第一单元

1、Chapter 1 Overview of Language TestingContentThe nature of language testingThe aim of language testingThe relationship between language testing and teachingFour approaches of language testing A look at some large-scale tests of oversea and domestic The nature of language testing Language testing are

2、 instruments used to measure language ability or aptitude. It is an independent discipline which has its own research field and research methodology. It is an interdisciplinary integrated discipline that involves linguistic, teaching methodology, psychometrics.The aim of language testingGroup AGroup

3、 BClass 18295Class 27688Class 38490 Tests may be constructed primarily as devices to reinforce learning and to motivate the student or primarily as a means of assessing the students performance in the language. Group discussion: what is the relationship between language testing and teaching? Both te

4、sting and teaching are so closely interrelated that it is virtually impossible to work in either field without being constantly concerned with the other. The proper relationship between testing and teaching is that of partnership. Arthur Hughes认为，教学与测试是“伙伴关系”(partnership) (Hughes 1989)。他说，“The prope

5、r relationship between teaching and testing is surely that of partnership. We cannot expect testing only to follow teaching. What we should demand of it, however, is that it should be supportive of good teaching and, where necessary, exert a corrective influence on bad teaching.” (Arthur Hughes 2000

6、)Four approaches of language testingThe structualist-psychometric approachThe communicative approachThe integrative approachThe essay-translation approachBefore 1950sEarly 1950s-late 1960s1970s-eary1980s1980s-nowA look at some large-scale tests of oversea and domesticPETSCET4, CET6TEM4, TEM8IELTSTOE

7、FLGREGMAT LSAT BECCET6Forward looks纵观上述考试的设计宗旨和测试目的，我们可以归纳出以下几个特点：1.所有考试都旨在全面测量考生的语言水平，故无一遗漏地测试各主要单项语言能力（听说读写）。2.考试日趋注重对口语口语能力的测试，并且口试与笔试分开的时间间隔也越来越短；托福考试在实施了18年后于1981年推出托福口试；CET考试在开考12年后于1999年增加CET-SET考试，而在1999年开始正式实施的PETS考试，在推出时已包含了口语测试项目。3.考试在测试考生接受性语言技能（receptive）的同时，更加注重评价他们的产出性语言技能（productive skills)，所以在题型选择上绝大多数采用多样化的形式，既有多项选择题，又有其他形式，如简答题、填空题、匹配题、翻译题、写作题等。4.考试不仅考虑到信度（如分数的可靠性），而且更加注重其效度（是否达到预期测试目标等）。增加口语/写作考试和多种题型有机组合