2016年高考北京卷英语试题解析

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上绝密启用前2016年普通高等校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语本试卷共16页，共150分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，共 15 分）从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：Its so nice to hear from her again _, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. Whats more

2、 B. Thats to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not答案是D。21. Jack _ in the lab when the power cut occurred.A. worksB. has workedC. was workingD. would work【答案】C考点：考查时态【名师点睛】一、过去进行时的构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(-ing) 二、过去进行时的用法：1. 表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间状语连用。例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing

3、for camp. 2. 表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 3. 在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。例如：It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining

4、. 4. 在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其他过去时态，特别是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往表示背景。例如：One night, he was typing in his study. Suddenly, a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity. 22. I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.A. whose B. why C. where D. which【答案】A【解析】试题分析：题目考查定语从句的关系词。a co

5、uple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。考点：考查定语从句【名师点睛】定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which, as等）和关系副词（when, where, why等）。1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由等的名词，在从句中作状语。例如：An architect is a person who / th

6、at designs houses and buildings.The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。注意：关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可省略（非限制性定语从句中不可省略）。例如：I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.I find it difficult to cooperate with the

7、one who always sticks to his own opinion. The suit (which / that) the tailor made for me doesnt fit me.3. 非限制性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that和关系副词why不可用于非限制性定语从句。4. 作介词宾语的关系代词 在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词的宾语，即“介词+关系代词whom/which”，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。例如：The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of

8、our department. Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department. The room in which my family live used to be a garage.23. Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars. We _ here for more than two hours.A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting

9、【答案】D考点：考查时态【名师点睛】现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has been+ -ing形式”构成。用法如下：1. 现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去。常和for，since引出的时间状语连用。例如：Hi, Tracy, you look tired. I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.They have been living here for 10 years. 2. 表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话的时候刚结束。例如：I have been waiting you fo

10、r about one hour.(说话时"等"的动作刚结束)She has been working all night long.3. 表示重复（只断断续续，而非一直不停）。 例如：Weve been discussing the matter several times this year. I have been saying goodbye to some friends today.24. Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.A. However B. Whoever C. What

11、ever D. Wherever【答案】C考点：考查主语从句【名师点睛】主语从句 Subject Clauses(在主语的位置上)1. 从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑问词wh-。例如：That he is a famous singer is known to us.= It is known to us that he is a famous singer.Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.Who will go makes no difference.u It is known to us t

12、hat he is a famous singer.u It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.2. wh-ever引导的名词性从句和状语从句的区别：l 区分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh-有疑问的意思；wh-ever有肯定强调的意思。例如：Who will be invited hasnt been decided.Whoever comes here is welcomed.A reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case.Th

13、e gift will be given to whomever I like.l wh-ever 在引导名词性从句时不能用no matter wh-来替换，但在引导状语从句时可以替换。例如：Whatever happened, he would not mind.= No matter what happened, he would not mind.25. I _ half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read

14、【答案】B考点：考查时态【名师点睛】现在完成时基本用法：1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, ever, never, just, before 等词连用。例如：Have you ever had your dinner at home? 你在家吃晚饭了吗？You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。2. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用，常用的有：for一段时间；since+过去的时间点或从句。（since 用来说明动作的起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间的

15、长度），提问用How long。例如：It has been five years since he joined the army. 他参军五年了。 They have learned English for eight years. 他们已了八年的英语了。3. 现在完成时需注意的问题：(1)非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，如appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close, come, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, leave, sell, stop等。例如：He has joined the army f

16、or five years. (错误) He has been in the army for five years. (正确)注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。例如：I have received his letter for a month. (错)I havent received his letter for almost a month. (对)(2)不能和明确的表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1998, two days ago等。(3)have/has been to 和have

17、/has gone to 的区别： have/has been to 去过某地，现在已经回来； have/has gone to 去了某地，在去的路上或已经在那里，或在回来的路上，现在还没有回来。(4)比较一般过去时与现在完成时：一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, ago, in1980, in October, just now等；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间状语连用。例如：I saw this film yester

18、day. （强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员）现在完成时考点分析：现在完成时除可以和for/since引出的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in / over the last(past) few years (months, weeks), in recent years等。下列句型中常用现在完成时：I

19、t is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句 + 现在完成时This (That / It) is the first (second) time that + 现在完成时This (That / It) is the only + that + 现在完成时This (That / It) is the best / finest / most interesting + that 从句 + 现在完成时在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。例如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If y

20、ou have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better. Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.26. _ it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To make【答案】D考点：考查不定式作目的状语【名师点睛】一、不定式的作用1. 作主语不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。例如：It

21、took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.2. 作宾语(1) 动词+不定式。例如：He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, d

22、ecide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等。(2) 动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。例如：I dont know what to do next / how to do it next.I cant decide when to go there.注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。例如：I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.3. 作宾语补足语(1) 动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）

23、。例如：He warned me to be careful.I want you to speak to Tom.What makes you think so? （不带to的不定式）注：可以用动词不定式作宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order, want, get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish, warn, expect, would prefer, encourage等。(2) 表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。例如：We consider Tom to be one o

24、f the best students in our class.The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态）(3) There +不定式。例如：We didnt expect there to be so many people there. 注意：有些动词需用 as 短语作补语，像regard, think, believe, take, consider。例如：We regard Eric as our best teacher. Mary took him as her father. (4) 在动词feel(一感), hear, listen to

25、(二听), have, let, make(三让), notice, see, watch, observe, look at(五看)(即：五看三使两听一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。例如：They saw the boy fall off the tree.The boy was seen to fall off the tree.(5) help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。 例如：I often help him (to) clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things.4.

26、 作定语不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。例如：I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系）He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系）注意：(1)不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。例如：Do you have anything e

27、lse to say? (2)如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。例如： I need a pen to write with. (I will write with a pen.) I have a little baby to look after. (I must look after the little baby.) 5. 作状语作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to, so as to, soas to, suchas to, enough to, tooto等。(1)作目的状语，just to, on

28、ly to（仅仅为了）, in order to, so as to, so(such)as to（如此以便）。例如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.(2)作结果状语，表事先没有预料到，要放在句子后面。例如：He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.(3)作原因状语。例如：We were very excited to hear the news.(4)作条件状语。例如：To turn to the left, you could find a post office.6.

29、 作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。例如：The question is how to put it into practice.My question is when to leave.His dream is to be a doctor.注意：(1) 不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。 (2) 当主语是不定式时，表语不能用v+ing形式，可用不定式。 例如：To see is to believe. (=Seeing is believing. )二、不定式的时态和语态1. 不定式的时态(1)现在时：有时与谓语动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。例如：He se

30、ems to know this. I hope to see you again. (2)完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。例如：Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.(3)进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动作同时发生。例如：He seems to be eating something.(4)完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。例如：She is known to have been working on the problem for m

31、any years.2. 不定式的语态当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。例如：He was seen to enter the hall.He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.27. My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, _ hes in his nineties.A. as long as B. as if C. even though D. in case【答案】C考点：考查状语从句【名师点睛】1. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要的有in order that, so that,

32、 in case, for fear等。例如：He raised his voice so that everyone could hear.Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand.2. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要的有so that, sothat, suchthat等。例如：I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.3. 引导让步状

33、语从句的从属连词。主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。例如：Although they are twins, they look entirely different.4. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要的有as, as if, as though等。例如：Why didnt you catch the last bus as I told you to?5. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要的有where, wherever, e

34、verywhere, anywhere等。例如：The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple.6. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要的有than和asas。例如：She was now happier than she had ever been.28. _ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.A. OrderingB. To orderC. Having orderedD. Ordered【答案】D考点：考查过去分词作状语【名

35、师点睛】分词作状语1. 分词作时间状语相当于when引导的时间状语从句；on doing sth. =as soon as sb. does sth.。2. 分词作原因状语相当于as，since，because引导的原因状语从句。3. 分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换，但是可以改写成并列句。4. 分词作条件状语相当于if, unless等引导的从句。常见的可表示条件的分词有given, supposing, considering, provided, compared with等。5. 分词作结果状语相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词thus，thereby，onl

36、y等。6. 分词作让步状语相当于though或者even if等引导的让步状语从句。29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. why【答案】B【解析】试题分析：题目考查表语从句。句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that，that只起引导作用，故选B。考点：考查表语从句【名师点睛】表语从句 Predictive Cl

37、auses(在be动词后)1. 从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是wh-。例如：The fact is that she never liked him.The question is whether the movie is worth seeing.The question is who can complete the difficult task.u This/That/It is becauseI think it is because you are doing too much.u The reason why is thatThe reason why the play i

38、s successful is that it appeals to many different people.2. 只能用whether 的情况* 在表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句中* 在介词后的宾语从句中例如：It all depends on whether they will support us.* 在不定式之前例如：He doesnt know whether to stay or not.* 从句中有or not时例如：He doesnt know whether he should stay or not.30. The students have been working

39、hard on their lessons and their efforts _ with success in the end.A. rewarded B. were rewardedC. will reward D. will be rewarded【答案】D考点：考查时态和语态【名师点睛】一般将来时1. 表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。2. 表示一种趋向或习惯动作。例如：Well die without air or water.3. 表示趋向行为的动词如come, go, start,

40、begin, leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。4. be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别： (1)shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。(2)be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will do则能，表意愿。例如：If it is fine, well go fishing.(正确)If it is fine, we are going to go

41、fishing.(错误)(3)be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。例如：A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.(4)be about to do sth.表示“即将/正要去做某事”，通常不与时间状语连用，但可与when引导的从句连用，构成常考句型：sb was about to do sth when sb did sth。 例如：Autumn harvest is about to start.31. I love the weekend, because I _ g

42、et up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A. neednt B. mustntC. wouldnt D. shouldnt【答案】A考点：考查情态动词【名师点睛】 常用的情态动词有can，may，must，need。1. can 的用法： (1)表示能力 “能，会” 例如： He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。 (2)表示请求或许可 “可以” 例如：Can I help you? 要我帮忙吗? (3)表示猜测 “可能” 例如：Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢? 2. may 的用法：(1)

43、表示请求或允许 “可以”“准许” 例如：May I go home, please? (2)表示可能性 “可能”也许” 例如：I think it may rain this afternoon. 注：might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。 例如：He might not come today. (语气不肯定) You might also get a headache when you work too hard.3. must的用法： (1)表示义务、必要或命令 “必须、应该” 例如：You must come early tomorrow. (2)

44、表示推测时 “肯定，一定” 例如：They must be at home. The light is on. (3)must not 禁止，不许 例如：You must not tell lies. 注意：must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用dont have to 或neednt，而不用mustnt。 例如：Must I finish my homework first? No, you dont have to/ neednt. can 和 must在表推测时，can一般否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。 例如：It can not be Li Lei. It must be Li

45、 Lei.4. need的用法： (1)情态动词 “需要, 有必要”，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。 例如：You neednt come here this afternoon.(2)行为动词 “需要, 有必要”，可以用于各种句式中。例如：You dont need to go now. I need to have a rest. Do we need to finish all the work today? 口诀助记need的用法：实义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。 need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。情态动词表“需要”，没有人称、数之变。 其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。32. N

46、ewly-built wooden cottages line the street, _ the old town into a dreamland.A. turn B. turningC. to turn D. turned【答案】B考点：考查现在分词【名师点睛】现在分词和过去分词的区别：(1)在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；(2)在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。.例如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶一、分词的作用1. 作定语(1

47、)单个分词作定语，分词前置。例如：The sleeping boy is my son.The excited people rushed into the building.A lost opportunity never returns.He is a retired worker.(2)分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。例如：The girl standing under the tree is my niece.The building built last year is our library.This

48、 is the question given.There is nothing interesting.(3)过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。例如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.2. 作状语现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。例如：Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave

49、him a call.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(条件)Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).Though defeated, he didnt lose heart. (让步)He lay on the grass, lo

50、oking into the sky. (伴随)He came running to tell me the good news. (方式) 注意：（1）选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：（Being）Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。（2）分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分

51、词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。3. 作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。例如：The film is touching.The glass is broken.She looked tired with cooking.He remained standing beside the table.4. 作宾语补足语分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。例如：I smell something burning.I heard him singing the song.I heard my name

52、called.I cant make myself understood in English.I found my car missing.Ill have my watch repaired. 5. 作插入语其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。常见的有：generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从判断all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来例如：Judg

53、ing from his face, he must be ill. Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.二、分词的时态1. 与主语动词同时。例如：Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 2. 先于主语动词分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。例如：Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.After he had finished his homework, he went out f

54、or a walk.三、分词的语态1. 通常情况下，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。例如：He is the man giving you/who gave you the book. She is the girl stopped by/who was stopped by the car. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。如gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等词。例如：a retired person 一个退休的人 a fallen ball 一个落下来的球a burnt-out match 一

55、根烧完了的火柴33. I really enjoy listening to music _ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.A. because B. beforeC. unless D. until【答案】A【解析】考点：考查状语从句【名师点睛】从属连词的用法1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词(1) 表示“当时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要有when, while, as, whenever。例如：Dont talk while youre eating. He came just as I was leaving.