经贸英语chapter1

1、今年全国“两会”已经开始了，那两会用英语怎么说呢？Air pollution, corruption and the wealth gap are the three issues of most concern to the public ahead of the annual parliamentary sessions of China, dubbed as "two sessions", according to an online survey.一项网络调查显示，在一年一度的“两会”召开之际，大家最关注的三大问题分别为：大气污染、腐败问题以及贫富差距。The is

2、sue of pollution has grown in importance for people since last year's survey which then showed the top three issues as being the cost of living, the environment and employment.与去年相比，污染问题对于人们的重要程度有所提高。去年的调查显示，人们最关注的三大问题为：生活成本、环境和就业。The majority of respondents said air pollution is the most urgent

3、 issue which needs to be addressed and they expect the "two sessions" to put forward practical measures to tackle the problem.大多数调查对象表示，大气污染是当务之急，需予以解决，他们期待“两会”能提出一些切实可行的措施来解决该问题。【讲解】文中的two sessions就是“两会”的意思，其中session是名词，意为“会议”，一般指定期正式召开的会议，如：The Congress ended its first session on January

4、 4.代表大会第一次会议在1月4日结束。而meeting是普通用词，指一般性的会议，可用于任何场合，如：departmental meeting（部门会议），sports meeting（运动会）1. 养老保险 pension insurance system2. 反腐倡廉 anti-corruption bid 3. 依法拆迁 lawful housing demolition and relocation4. 调控房价 housing prices control5. 贫富差距 gap between the rich and the poor (wealth gap)6. 就业

5、问题 employment 7. 医疗改革 medical reform下岗再就业 Re-employment after being laid off 登记失业率 registered unemployment rate 分组讨论 panel discussion 城乡差距 rural-urban divide 基本医疗保险 basic medical insurance 家电下乡Home appliances going to the countryside 中小型企业 SMEs 教育公平 Equal Access to Education8. 司法

6、公正 judicial justice9. 民主监督 democratic supervision10. 教育公平 equal access to educationopening speech 开幕式致辞small- and medium-sized enterprises 中小型企业crops' minimum purchase prices粮食最低收购价per-capita income人均收入window guidance窗口指导(监管机构利用其在金融体系中特殊的地位和影响，引导金融机构主动采取措施防范风险，进而实现监管目标的监管行为。) propel/expand

7、domestic deman扩大内需 proactive fiscal policy积极的财政政策 moderately easy monetary policy适度宽松的货币政策 rural-urban development divide 城乡差距 government work report政府工作报告dairy product standards乳制品标准scattered production model分散生产模式(Such a scattered production model is the fundamental reason

8、 that there have been so many food safety incidents.这种分散生产模式是诸多食品安全问题的根源。)administrative transparency政务透明 bridging loan过渡性贷款(Bridging, or a bridging loan, is short-term financing madeavailable pending arrangement of intermediate or long-term financing.过渡性贷款是一种在中期或长期融资安排确定前的短期融资。 comfortabl

9、e Housing Project安居工程 careers guidance就业指导three Direct Links“大三通”(通邮、通航、通商)healthcare reform. package医改方案 basic medicine system基本医疗体制home appliances going to the countryside家电下乡equal Access to Education教育公平golden September and silver October金九银十rural left-behind population 农村留守人口issues of

10、agriculture, farmer and rural area三农问题three insurances and one fund “三险一金”(养老保险、失业保险、医疗保险和住房公积金)administrative accountability行政问责制(是指一级政府对现任该级政府负责人、该级政府所属各工作部门和下级政府主要负责人在所管辖的部门和工作范围内由于故意或者过失，不履行或者正确履行法定职责，以致影响行政秩序和行政效率，贻误行政工作，或者损害行政管理相对人的合法权益，给行政机关造成不良影响和后果的行为，进行内部监督和责任追究的制度)。defense budget 国防预算

11、0;National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议11th Five-year Development Program 十一五发展规划Innovation-oriented Society 创新型社会Scientific Concept of Development 科学发展观Township Health Service 城乡医疗服务Rural Compulsory Education 农村义务教育Building New Soci

12、alist Countryside 建设社会主义新农村Cross-straits peace and stability 两岸和平与稳定 Increase the flexibility of the RMB exchange rate 增加人民币汇率的灵活性President of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国主席Central Military Commission 中央军事委员会Supreme People's Court 最高人民法院Supreme People's Procuratorate 最高人民检

13、察院Presidium 主席团 Standing Committee 常务委员会General Office 办公厅Secretariat 秘书处Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs 内务司法委员会 Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee 华侨委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs 法制工作委员会 Committee for Revision of the Constitution 宪法修改委员会Credentials Committee 代表资格审查

14、委员会Motions Examination Committee 提案审查委员会 Ethnic Affairs Committee 民族委员会Law Committee 法律委员会Finance and Economy Committee 财政经济委员会 Foreign Affairs Committee 外事委员会Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions 特定问题调查委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 教育、科学、文化卫生委员会 d

15、isaster relief赈灾defense expenditure国防开支safeguarding our sovereignty and territory保卫主权和领土完整top legislative body最高立法机关social welfare system 社会福利制度minimum living standard最低生活标准the imbalance between urban and rural areas城乡发展不平衡farmer-turned-entrepreneur 农民企业家basic medical insurance 基本医疗保 window gui

16、dance 窗口指导（监管机构利用其在金融体系中特殊的地位和影响，引导金融机构主动采取措施防范风险，进而实现监管目标的监管行为。equal Access to Education 教育公平disaster relief 赈灾defense expenditure 国防开支 safeguarding our sovereignty and territory 保卫主权和领土完整 top legislative body 最高立法机关social welfare system 社会福利制度minimum living standard 最低生活标准the imbalance b

17、etween urban and rural areas 城乡发展不平衡state-run/owned company/enterprise 国有企业The character "duang" is so new that it does not even exist in the Chinese dictionary. But it has already spread like wildfire online in China, appearing more than 8 million times on China's micro-blogging site

18、Weibo, where it spawned a top-trending hashtag that drew 312,000 discussions among 15,000 users. On China's biggest online search engine Baidu, it has been looked up almost 600,000 times. It's been noticed in the West too, with Foreign Policy seeing it as a "break the internet" vir

19、al meme - like a certain Kim Kardashian image, or a certain multicoloured dress.最近大热的“duang”是一个在汉语字典中并不存在的新词，不过这个字甫一出现就以燎原之势在中国的网络上迅速传播开来。这个字在中国的社交网站微博中出现了八亿多次。有15000名用户使用了它，并引发了31.2万次讨论。在中国最大的在线搜索网站百度，这个字的搜索量达60万余次，该现象同样引发了西方媒体的关注，外交政策杂志将其称作“引爆互联网”的病毒式传播事件，与之前金·卡戴珊的美臀照和著名的“白金黑蓝之争”的裙装同等待遇。But w

20、hat does it mean?可是这个字到底是什么意思？"Everyone's duang-ing and I still don't know what it means! Looks like it's back to school for me," said Weibo user Weileiweito.“每个人都在“duang”，可我连duang什么意思都不知道，这让我仿佛又重回了校园时代。”微博用户Weileiweito说。Another user asked: "Have you duang-ed today? My min

21、d is full of duang duang duang."而另一位用户发问“今天你“duang”了吗？”我现在满脑都是“duang，duang duang。”"To duang or not to duang, that is the question," wrote user BaiKut automan.“Duang还是不duang，这是一个问题，”BaiKut如是说。"Duang" seems to be an example of onomatopoeia, a word that phonetically imitates a

22、sound. It all seems to have started with Hong Kong action star Jackie Chan, who in 2004 was featured in a shampoo commercial where he said famously defended his sleek, black hair using the rhythmical-sounding "duang". The word resurfaced again recently after Chan posted it on his Weibo pag

23、e. Thousands of users then began to flood Chan's Weibo page with comments, coining the word in reference to his infamous shampoo appearance.Duang是一个拟声词，用来形容一种声音，来源于香港影星成龙在2004年时拍的一则洗发水广告，他用了duang来形容乌黑亮丽富有动感的头发，而最近成龙在微博上再度使用了duang这一词汇，引得千万网友纷纷访问其微博页面，在该条微博下面评论，并造了这个字来指代他拍的那个洗发水广告。The word appears

24、 to have many different meanings, and there's no perfect translation, but you could use it as an adjective to give emphasis to the word that follows it. A kitten might be "duang cute", for example. Or you might be "very duang confused" by this blog.duang这个字好像有很多种意思，到目前为止并没有一个

25、确切对应的英文翻译，不过，你可以把它当做形容词用，用来强调跟在它后面的那个词，比如你可以说一只小猫是“duang萌”，看到这里，你也许是“非常duang糊涂”了。For readers of Chinese characters, the Jackie Chan theme is also apparent from the quirky way in which the word is written: a combination of Chan's Mandarin names.而duang对应的汉字是什么呢？这个字以一种非常离奇的方式被造出来，将“成龙”这两个字组在一起就成了du

26、ang。用法一：作为拟声词英文例句：The sound of Mr. Skinny fell: pia!The sound of Mr. Fat fell: duang!中文：纯良大叔 “瘦子摔倒的声音：pia！胖子摔倒的声音：duang！”用法二：作为名词。特效的同义词。和外国人解释中文的特效怎么说，你就说DUANG英文例句：You say "special effect", in Chinese, we say "DUANG".中文：英语“特效”这个单词，在我们中文里的发音就是DUANG用法三：作为形容词，形容的是自己受欺骗的一种心情，表达“都是骗人

27、的！”欲哭无泪。英文例句："DUANG", then the holiday is gone. I doubt seriously this is special effect; it's cheating!中文：跳蝻P “DUANG的一下，假期就没有了。我怀疑这是特效，是骗人的。”用法四：作为数量形容词。形容意想不到的很快，很多，蜂拥而至。英文例句："DUANG", thousands of netizens repost my Weibo in a short period of timebut no one could look this

28、word up in the dictionary, because I've found it at Bilibili.中文：虫治先森 我的微博duang转发的很快、很多而字典上跟没就没有这个字因为我是在B站查到的。最后为大家献上成龙版我的洗发液全程英文歌词直播欢迎同人二次创作欢迎拍砖(来源：)"When I first learned to shoot the shampoo ad, in fact, I refuse ! Ah because I think you cannot beat me to shoot right away , first , I want

29、to try, I do not want to say after you shoot an ad shoot plus a lot of special effects , the other end to launch ah very black ! very bright ! very soft ! outcome audience will scold me, there is no such hair ! this proves that the above is false I said first to give me a try. Later, after I know th

30、ey are medicine , but not the kind of chemical ingredients. After that wash this month it down this month , at least I used very comfortable. Now it still use every day still use it . I gave my class used to be married to you that I try to speak with the director : ! ! ! ! ! ! " When the f

31、ilm shoot ! after the shoot , the hair is my hair , do not increase , plus stunt up, added that there is no such child ! I want to give the audience to see , and then I run out of something like this , you run after , the same way son !"原文：“当我第一次知道要拍洗发水广告的时候，其实我是，是拒绝的，我跟导演讲，我拒绝，因为，其实我，根本没有头发导演跟

32、我讲，拍完加特技，头发很黑很亮很柔加了一个月特技之后呢，头发DUANG后来我也知道他们是假的，是化学成分的。我现在呢，每天还是加特技，加了很多特技，头发，DUANGDUANGDUANG我的头发乌黑浓密，因为我，加特技”看完下面25个句子，你会觉得自己的英语学的不够到家。这充分说明了语言是文字和文化的有机结合。也一定程度上解释了为什么看美剧抓不住人家笑点的原因。1. Do you have a family?【正确理解】你有孩子吗？2. It's a good father that knows his son.【正确理解】就算是最好的父亲，也未必了解自己的儿子。3. I have no

33、 opinion of that sort of man.【正确理解】我对这类人很反感。4. The picture flattered her.【正确理解】她比较上照。5. He is a walking skeleton.【正确理解】他很瘦。6. You don't know what you are talking about.【正确理解】你在胡说八道。7. You don't begin to understand what they mean.【正确理解】你根本不知道他们在干嘛。（not begin to：毫不）8. They didn't praise hi

34、m slightly.【正确理解】他们大大地表扬了他。9. That's all I want to hear.【正确理解】我已经听够了。10. I wish I could bring you to see my point.【正确理解】你要我怎么说你才能明白呢。11. You really flatter me.【正确理解】你让我受宠若惊。12. He made a great difference.【正确理解】他很关键。13. You cannot give him too much money.【正确理解】你给他再多的钱也不算多。（nottoo/over连用表示“再也不为过”）

35、14. The long exhausting trip proved too much.【正确理解】这次旅行旷日持久，我们都累倒了。15. She held the little boy by the right hand.【正确理解】她抓着小男孩的右手。（这里"by"与"with"动作主语完全相反）16. Are you there?【正确理解】你还在听吗？（等于Do you follow me?)17. If you think he is a good man, think again.【正确理解】如果你认为他是好人，那你就大错特错了。18. That took his breath away.【正确理解】他大惊失色。19. Two is company but three is none.【正确理解】两人成伴，三人不欢。20. Students are still arriving.【正确理解】学生还没有到齐。21. They went away as wise as they came.【正确理解】他们一无所获。22. I won't do it t